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Biomedical subjects

J Faulborn

Publications and source records attributed to J Faulborn.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

[Infectious corneal ulcers--once with endophthalmitis--after photorefractive keratotomy with disposable contact lens].

BACKGROUND: Infections of the cornea with or without involvement of intraocular tissues are severe complications after photorefractive keratectomy. We report on three cases with ulcerative keratitis and one case with severe endophthalmitis, which developed some days after laser treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: After 39 photo-therapeutic and 118 photo-refractive treatments without complications four young treated persons suffered from corneal infiltrations. Three of them developed severe corneal ulcerations, one a severe endophthalmitis. We used the laser machine of the company Schwind (193 nm wavelength, repetition rate 10 Hz, fluence 180-200 mJ/cm2). One part of the treatment which all patients had in common was the application of a disposable contact lens postoperatively, which was worn overnight. THERAPY AND FOLLOW-UP: Because all three patients with ulcerations revealed hyphen of fungi in their corneal-scratch material they were treated with antifungal agents locally and systemically. Due to the local and temporal connection the patient with the endophthalmitis was treated with antifungal agents, too. All corneal ulcerations healed with scars similar to a haze graded 3 to 4, the eye with the endophthalmitis healed almost completely. CONCLUSION: Probably the use of disposable contact lenses postoperatively, especially the overnight wear, during an extremely hot and humid summer lead to the described severe infections of the eyes after the "traumatisation" of the cornea by the excimer laser. A known higher concentration of Aspergillus in the air due to renovations of buildings in the clinical area might have been an additional negative effect. The avoidance of the use of disposable contact lenses postoperatively, especially the overnight wear, is emphasized.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Evaluating an interactive, multi-media learning system for the study of primary open angle glaucoma].

Using the interactive multimedia learning system for studying open-angle glaucoma [3] a prospective, randomized, case-controlled study was carried out to determine the value of this new form of learning in terms of acceptance and the imparting of knowledge. This article describes details of the study and presents their results. Results were established on the basis of targeted questions asked prior to and after the learning phase, followed by an analysis of frequencies and significance testing by the Chi squared method. It was shown that the imparting of knowledge is significantly improved when this learning system is employed. In addition, after its first use, acceptance of this new medium rose dramatically.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1994

Destruction of human tear proteins by ozone.

By an in vitro system human tears from healthy donors were exposed in a sealed vessel to a single dose of ozone. A marked destruction of tear proteins by ozone was observed as indicated by the disappearance of the protein pattern in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis compared with the control. Lysozyme, a significant protein in tears, was demonstrated to be susceptible to degradation by O3. The destruction of tear proteins by ozone can be determined quantitatively by radial immunodiffusion as shown for human tear albumin. Variations of ozone concentrations and reaction time showed that destruction of tear proteins by ozone depended on the ozone concentration and occurred within a few minutes of exposure of tears to ozone.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: long-term results after hemodilution therapy].

BACKGROUND: In patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) we investigated the long-term effect of hemodilution on functional results, recurrence rate in the affected and involvement of the second eye. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a retrospective study we reviewed 24 patients ranging in age from 62 to 92 years (mean 77 years) with AION. The duration of follow-up was between 8-51 months (mean 24.8 months). All patients received iso- (Hct > 40%) or hypervolemic (Hct < or = 40%) hemodilution over 8-10 days with daily infusion of 10% hydroxyethyl-starch 200/0.5. The hematocrit decreased significant (p < 0.001) from 43.4 +/- 3.8% to 37.8 +/- 3.5% after this 10-day hemodilution treatment. RESULTS: After the longterm follow-up 29.1% of the patients had an improvement of the central vision by two or more lines, 16.7% had a deterioration, 54.2% remained unchanged. The resulting visual acuity was between 0.5-1.0 in 37.5%, between 0.4-0.1 in 41.7% and worse than 0.1 in 20.8%. Neither visual fields nor the VECP were significant changed by hemodilution. After the mean follow-up period of 24.8 months no recurrence occurred in the affected eye and the second eye as never involved. CONCLUSION: Hemodilution therapy has no significant longterm effect on visual acuity and visual fields, but it seems to have a beneficial influence on the recurrence rate in the affected and on the involvement of the second eye.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Degradation of hyaluronate by the concerted action of ozone and sunlight.

The influence of ozone and sunlight in a concerted reaction on hyaluronate solutions was investigated. The kinematic viscosity of hyaluronate solutions is decreased by ozone-air mixtures and simultaneous radiation with sun rays within a few minutes, indicating a depolymerization of the hyaluronate molecule. The reaction is dependent on the concentration of ozone and on the time of exposure to ozone and sunlight. The concerted degradation of hyaluronate is more effective than the reaction with each component, ozone and sun rays, alone. We conclude that hyaluronate depolymerization by ozone and sunlight may be one factor for irritations of the eye by photochemical smog and increased exposure to sun rays.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL precipitation (H.E.L.P.). A new therapeutic possibility in vascular occlusion of the retina--initial results].

Heparin-induced extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP) eliminates selectively fibrinogen, LDL cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides and LP(a) from the blood plasma using extracorporeal circulation. The reduction of fibrinogen and LDL about 50% after only one procedure immediately improves the hemorrheological situation, which has so far not been achieved by any hemorrheologically active substance. Five patients (1 central retinal vein occlusion, 3 branch vein occlusions, 1 central arterial occlusion) ranging from 59-76 years underwent HELP treatment six times over a 5-week period. After the first HELP procedure the fibrinogen was lowered from 278 +/- 57.8 to 157 +/- 22.2 mg/dl and LDL from 162.2 +/- 58 to 82.4 +/- 32.5 mg/dl. Plasma viscosity decreased from 1.3 +/- 0.07 to 1.1 +/- 0.05 mPa/s. At the end of the treatment an increase in visual acuity of 3 or more lines and an improvement in the visual field was seen in all patients. Measurements of the arteriovenous passage time with laser scan video fluorescein angiography before and at the end of the therapy showed a significant decrease from 3.5 +/- 1.59 to 2.88 +/- 1.54 s (P < 0.05) without influencing the arm-retina time. This first clinical and hemorrheological data on the HELP procedure in retinal vessel occlusion demonstrate a promising regimen in the treatment of acute retinal microcirculatory diseases.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Vitreoretinal changes in siblings of two patients with Stickler syndrome. Study of two families].

In 1965 Stickler described a pedigree combining ocular, facial, palatal and skeletal changes. The ocular findings comprise vitreoretinal changes, tears, retinal detachment, myopia and subcapsular cataract. We investigated eight siblings in two families with Stickler syndrome, two of them with a retinal detachment. In two members we observed subcapsular cataract, in four members an optically empty vitreous containing sparse transvitreal strands and sheets of condensed vitreous behind the lens; in the eyes of four emmetropic members with normal visual function large oral bays and large dental processes were found which extended much more posterior to the equator with localized depigmentation, erosions and small tears in the affected area. Similar changes could be observed in the second eye of one patient with a retinal detachment due to a giant tear. The changes of the peripheral retinal pigment epithelium in addition to the affected vitreoretinal base and vitreoretinal adhesions are responsible for the development of erosions, small tears, or even giant tears. Minimal changes as observed in the second eye of our patients with retinal detachment, or in the fundus of other family members, seem to be precursors of retinal detachment. Changes in the second eye of retinal detachment or in the retina of "unaffected" family members without retinal detachment or other associated symptoms of Stickler syndrome should be evaluated regularly and, if necessary, treated by laser, cryotherapy or even an encircling procedure.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1993

[Proliferation markers, enzyme markers and oncogene expression profile of intraocular melanoma].

In this study 9 uveal melanomas, 1 iris melanoma and 1 conjunctival melanoma were evaluated for their proliferation activity with antibodies to KI67 protein. In addition, the distribution of glutathion-S transferase (alkaline and acid isoforms) and lysosomal cathepsin D protease was demonstrated immunohistochemically. The expression of the oncoproteins c-neu (internal and external domaine) and ras (mutated and non-mutated isoform) were also analyzed with specific monoclonal antibodies. In the case of the metastasing melanoma significant Ki67 protein expression and marked expression of the oncoproteins ras p21 and pan ras were obvious. All other melanomas showed less proliferation and enzymatic activity with a moderate expression pattern for oncoproteins. Regarding the results of the proliferation and enzymatic markers, the tumors were heterogeneous; single cells or clusters may play a role in the prognosis of the tumor if there is an intense immunohistochemical reaction. The influence of histomorphological criteria, e.g., cell subtype, seems to be minor compared to immunohistochemical criteria.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1993

[Propofol versus diazepam. Sedation in ophthalmologic surgery under local anesthesia].

This prospective study was designed to evaluate the sedative effect of two different anaesthetic drugs in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Propofol is an intravenous hypnotic agent with a short half-life of about 30 min. A constant high oxygen saturation in continuous pulse oximetry was achieved in previous studies using propofol for sedation. Furthermore, an IOP-lowering effect was proved. Propofol was compared to diazepam, a well-established sedative, which has been used for many years for sedation of patients in local anaesthesia. METHOD. One hundred patients of comparable anaesthesiologic risk (ASA classes 2-4) undergoing identical surgical procedures received either propofol (n = 50), or diazepam (n = 50). Propofol was infused at a rate of 0.8-3.0 mg/kg/h, while diazepam was given as a slow intravenous bolus of 5 mg before surgery. All patients were monitored by continuous pulse oximetry. RESULTS. Oxygen saturation of patients receiving propofol was never less than 96%. In contrast, oxygen saturation of patients sedated by diazepam dropped to 85%, especially for the first 5 min following administration, before improving to 95% during the next 10 min. None of the patients who received propofol showed signs of motor unrest, a great handicap in ophthalmic surgery, while four patients who received diazepam were restless enough to hamper the procedure. None of the patients who received propofol developed respiratory depression. In contrast, marked respiratory depression, motor agitation, and postoperative fatigue slowing mobilization were common in patients who received diazepam.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Posterior peribulbar anaesthesia for eye surgery.

The efficacy, reliability, and safety of a modification of posterior peribulbar blockade for various types of ophthalmic procedures were investigated. In the present prospective study we describe the technical conditions of a nerve block considered to be less dangerous for patients. The incidence of failure was low, there was no adverse reaction, and the patients themselves judged the method favourably.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The vitreous after C3F8 gas instillation: long-term histologic findings after spontaneous reabsorption of the gas in rabbit eyes.

Perfluoropropane gas (C3F8) was injected intravitreally into rabbit eyes to displace the vitreous. Histologic examination by light and scanning electron microscopy revealed the vitreous material slowly expanded up to a nearly normal configuration during a follow-up of 6 months. Neither posterior vitreous detachment nor liquefaction of the vitreous could be observed.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Peritoneal reaction to liquid silicone: an experimental study.

Silicone oils (polymethylsiloxanes) with different viscosities (200, 1000 and 5000 cSt) and a fluorinated silicone oil (5000 cSt) were injected into the peritoneum of CBA mice. Three weeks after the injection, peritoneal exudates were obtained and investigated using light and electron microscopy. For each silicone-oil type, light-microscopic examination revealed the presence of abundant extracellular lipid-like droplets and a dense cellular infiltrate composed of macrophages, lymphocytes and multinucleated giant cells. Lipid-like inclusions were observed in macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. These intracellular inclusions were revealed to be membrane bound by transmission electron microscopy. We observed no differences with respect to the amount of phagocytotic activity for the different silicone-oil types tested. Purified silicone oils of lower viscosity (OP 200 and OP 1000) resulted in the mildest chronic inflammatory reaction. Our results suggest that emulsification, phagocytosis and granulomatous inflammation are associated with intraocular silicone-oil implantation. The question of which properties would make a silicone oil most suitable for clinical use requires further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Silicone oil in epiretinal membranes 3-4 months following implantation: microscopic findings in 2 cases].

After vitrectomy and silicone oil instillation, several oil inclusions were found on histologic examination of recurrent epiretinal membranes 3-4 months after oil instillation. The authors discuss how far an early emulsification of silicone oil stimulates macrophages as well as other proliferating cells and thus leads to impregnation and reproliferation of epiretinal membranes. If highly refined oil is used, impregnation and its complications will perhaps become less significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Vitrectomy: measures for the prevention of intraoperative complications].

Problems during a pars plana vitrectomy, such as infusion terminal within a detached choroid or behind the retina, and opacities of the cornea and lens may be prevented by simple means. These include introduction of the infusion terminal using a trocar; using a scleral ring for miniature contact lenses, which is fixed by sutures to the four rectus muscles; and in incipient opacification of the corneal epithelium, irrigation of the cornea with a solution of 50% glucose may render removal of the corneal epithelium unnecessary. Opacification of the cornea and lens can also be prevented by using glucose (500 mg/100 ml) in the intraocular irrigation solution.

Contact Lenses↗
PubMed1986

[Large area, peripheral cryo-application in neovascularization glaucoma].

Nine eyes were treated by cryotherapy applied circularly over a large area: 4 rows in each quadrant, from 3 mm behind the limbus to the equator, with 4 burns in each row. Freezing time was 10 seconds. Clinical observations after an average of 19.4 months and histologic findings are communicated.

Adult↗