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Biomedical subjects

J Freitag

Publications and source records attributed to J Freitag.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

A dose-ranging study of the efficacy and safety of azelastine nasal spray in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis with an acute model.

BACKGROUND: Oral azelastine, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory respiratory investigational drug has demonstrated activity in the treatment of allergic rhinitis and asthma with a good safety profile. METHODS: Azelastine nasal spray was compared with sustained-release oral chlorpheniramine maleate and placebo for efficacy and safety in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis in a double-dummy, two-center, 2-day, double-blind, randomized, dose-ranging, parallel-groups, onset and duration of action study. Two hundred sixty-four subjects reported to an outdoor park on Saturday morning during the height of the fall pollen season and remained there for 8 hours that day and the next to ensure maximal exposure to seasonal aeroallergens. Symptom diary cards were collected hourly Saturday from 8:00 AM to 10:00 AM (baseline period). Subjects who had sufficient symptoms were randomized into five groups and received medication at 10:00 AM and 10:00 PM on Saturday and at 10:00 AM on Sunday: azelastine 0.1% (1 spray [0.12 mg] per nostril every 12 hours, 2 sprays per nostril every every 12 hours, or 2 sprays per nostril once daily), Chlor-Trimeton Repetabs (12 mg twice daily), or placebo (twice daily). Diary cards were completed hourly (11:00 AM to 4:00 PM) and at 6:00, 8:00, and 10:00 PM on Saturday and again hourly on Sunday (from 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM) to evaluate rhinitis symptoms and adverse events. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty-nine subjects completed the study. The groups that received 2 sprays of azelastine per nostril once and twice daily and the chlorpheniramine group had statistically significantly more improvement in total rhinitis symptoms than the placebo group without serious adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports a once to twice daily dosing regimen for 2 sprays of 0.1% azelastine in the acute treatment of allergic rhinitis with onset of action within 2 to 3 hours.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed1994

Hypothalamic hamartomas: with special reference to gelastic epilepsy and surgery.

This study presents six patients with hypothalamic hamartomas diagnosed on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging. Histological confirmation was performed in three patients who underwent surgery. Immunohistological assays were used to determine the neurosecretory pattern. Four patients presented with epilepsy, including gelastic seizures. Other symptoms included behavioral abnormalities in four patients and precocious puberty and visual impairment in two patients. One patient presented associated developmental defects. Good results without morbidity were achieved with surgical resectioning in two patients with large hamartomas associated with behavioral abnormalities and gelastic epilepsy that was unresponsive to conventional medical treatment and in one patient with visual impairment. We propose a classification of the hypothalamic hamartomas based on topographical and clinical data obtained from 36 selected cases in the literature and six of our own cases. This classification should help to classify the various treatment methods and the surgical risks into four subgroups (Types la, lb, lla, and llb). We conclude that the surgical approach is a realistic alternative in certain cases, including large and broad-based Type llb hamartomas associated with gelastic epilepsy and behavioral disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Arrestin-subtypes in insect antennae.

Arrestin is supposed to be involved in uncoupling receptor-mediated second messenger cascades. Clones encoding proteins homologous to arrestin have been isolated from antennal cDNA libraries of Locusta migratoria and Heliothis virescens. Based on the size and several characteristic motifs, the two proteins are considered as members of different arrestin subfamilies. One of the subtypes, which has also been found in Drosophila, lacks the regulatory acidic C-terminal. The putative site of interaction with phosphorylated receptors, a cationic region in the primary structure, is conserved in all identified arrestins from locust to human.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

[Vertebrobasilar ischemia. Value of Doppler ultrasound in the acute phase].

We prospectively studied patients with acute vertebrobasilar ischaemia to assess the value of Doppler ultrasound compared to cerebral angiography during initial evaluation. Doppler ultrasound was diagnostic in 11 of 14 patients (79%). Transcranial ultrasonic examination yielded important information in addition to extracranial findings in 8 of 11 patients. Depending on the underlying vascular pathology, Doppler ultrasound proved to be a useful screening instrument to support acute management of vertebrobasilar ischaemia. With regard to clinical symptoms and ultrasonic findings, practical consequences for diagnostic evaluation are proposed.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1991

[Association of arteriovenous and cavernous angioma of the head and neck area].

A 20-year-old man complained of pulse-synchronous noise in the ear and recurrent bleedings in the nose and throat region. From birth he had had an extensive haemangioma, black-blue with dark-red parts. It had been diagnosed as a cavernous haemangioma, part of a Sturge-Weber syndrome. An angiogram was performed before intended dermatological treatment of the disfiguring venous angioma. It demonstrated the capillary venous angioma (slow-flow angioma) in the lateral triangle of the neck, extending up to the skull base. In addition there was an arteriovenous angioma (high flow angioma) in the region of the clivus, which was supplied bilaterally largely by the ascending pharyngeal artery. The arteriovenous angioma also had connections to the outflow area of the capillary venous angioma. These findings and absence of ocular changes excluded Sturge-Weber syndrome. Because of the risk of life-threatening bleedings, the arteriovenous malformation was superselectively embolized by multiple injections of nonresorbable polyvinyl-alcohol particles via a microcatheter. This brought about the collapse of the cutaneous angiomatous spaces. This case demonstrates that external appearance indicating a capillary venous angioma is not reliable. Before treatment of this malformation a neuroradiological diagnosis should be undertaken.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Selective cerebral intraarterial DSA. Complication rate and control of risk factors.

In 1095 patients 2770 brain supplying arteries have been studied by i.a.-DSA. Definitive neurological deficits occurred in 0.09%, transient deficits were observed in 0.45%. The reduced complication rate in comparison to former studies seems to be a continued effect of technical progress (DSA) and the use of new isoosmotic contrast media. In order to reduce the "training hospital effect" as to complication rate careful supervision of trainees is necessary. The average fluoroscopy time per vessel is proposed as an objective measure of the investigational skill of a neuroradiologist.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The value of diagnostic computerized tomography in tumor nephrectomy patients].

In 84 patients after nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma a computerized tomography was performed to evaluate local tumor recurrence. The findings are classified stage-dependent. Other metastatic lesions were found by conventional radiologic methods. Based on stage-dependent different occurrence of metastases or local recurrences recommendations are made to the use of computerized tomography in the follow-up of patients suffering from renal cell carcinoma after nephrectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Dynamic computerized tomography in staging of urinary bladder cancer].

In 25 patients suffering from bladder cancer a dynamic computerized tomography was performed under constant conditions in a selected tumor layer level. It was the aim of this study to improve the efficacy of preoperative staging of bladder cancer. In the tumors of stages pT1 and pT2 (12 patients) different courses in the time-density-diagrams were shown in comparison with the stages pT3a + b (13 patients). Furthermore, a different intake and delivery of contrast medium was observed and differences in the vascularization of the individual tumor stages may be suspected. Thereby a separation between operable (pT1/2) and inoperable tumor (pT3a/b) seem to be possible.

Diatrizoate↗
PubMed1989

[Mammographic findings following reduction mammaplasty].

Clinical and mammographic follow-up checks were made on 64 women with a record of breast reduction surgery. Mammographic changes, such as thickened skin, distortion of nipples as well as thickening and dislocation of parenchymal tissue, can be relatively easily differentiated from malignant changes, primarily in cases in which such changes are symmetrical and in which case histories and earlier clinical findings are known. Bilateral calcifications in most cases are caused by calcified fat necrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Experiences with percutaneous drainage of abscesses and pseudocysts].

Percutaneous catheterised drainage of abscesses and pseudocysts as well as of circumscribed suppurations in soft-part tissue is considered an established therapeutic approach. Therapeutic puncture or drainage was successfully performed in 19 cases, following CT-targeted fine-needle puncture and subsequent cytological and bacteriological diagnosis. Inflammatory alterations were tackled by antibiotic therapy according to an antibiogram. Complications did not occur.

Abscess↗
PubMed1989

[Computed tomographic diagnosis of rectal tumors].

Perirectal spreading of rectal carcinoma is significant for their therapy. Moreover, possible metastasis of the regional lymph nodes and/or of the liver must be detected before therapy. For preoperative staging CT-investigations in 52 patients were performed. For the tumour stages pT1 and pT2 correct CT-staging was achieved in 60% of the cases. CT-information on lymphogenic metastases is not satisfactory, liver metastases were detected with a sensitivity of 72%. 56 patients were investigated after abdominosacral rectum ablation. In 34 cases no local recidivation was detected, but 3 cases of liver metastases were found, also one metastasis of the kidney. Of 22 patients with regional recurrences 5 had liver metastases. 3 cases of lymphogenic metastasis were found.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[The value of computerized tomography and renovasography in kidney injuries].

Computerized tomography (CT) and renal angiography are compared in the staging of traumatic renal lesions. After evaluation of 44 angiographic and 74 CT investigations in 111 patients it was concluded, that CT is superior to angiography in the diagnosis of blunt renal injuries. However, if vascular injuries are suspected an angiographic investigation should be done.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sex-specific postnatal development of negative oestrogen feedback in rats.

Experiments were performed in immature and adult male and female rats to study the postnatal development of the negative oestrogen feedback in males and to investigate the mechanisms underlying this development. The following results were obtained: 1. Immature male and neonatally androgenized female rats were less responsive to the LH-inhibiting effect of oestradiol benzoate (OB) than untreated females. In contrast, long-term castrated adult males and females with the androgen-induced persistent oestrus syndrome were distinctively more sensitive than cyclic females to the negative feedback action of oestrogen. 2. The low oestrogen sensitivity in prepubertal males is probably caused by the testicular androgen secretion during the perinatal critical differentiation phase, because after neonatal castration, the LH response to OB injected at 21 days of age did not differ between both sexes. 3. As opposed to the peripubertal desensitization to the negative feedback action of testosterone, the sensitivity to the inhibitory effect of oestrogen on LH secretion did not decrease in males at the time of puberty. 4. Whereas former studies have shown that implantation of OB in the medial preoptic area results in significant reduction of the oestrogen sensitivity in female rats, medial preoptic implants containing oestradiol, testosterone or 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone did not diminish the LH-suppressing effect of s.c. injected OB in males. The results suggest that 1. a marked sex difference exists in the postnatal development of the negative oestrogen feedback in rats. 2. Higher oestrogen sensitivity in adult male as compared to adult female rats may depend, at least partly, on prepubertal and cyclic desensitization of the negative oestrogen feedback in females and more or less constant sensitivity in males from infancy to adulthood. 3. In males the oestrogen sensitivity seems to be settled for long by the testicular androgen secretion during the perinatal critical differentiation phase. 4. The prepubertal increase of gonadotrophin secretion necessary for the induction of male puberty may mainly be caused by diminution of the gonadotrophin-inhibiting effect of androgens and by the decline of testicular release of inhibin. 5. The oestrogen-induced desensitization of the negative oestrogen feedback mediated by the medial preoptic area is probably a sex-specific mechanism that is only operative in female rats.

Aging↗
PubMed1988

[Correlation between clinical and paraclinical findings in brain tumors in comparison with the operation site].

On the basis of clinical material consisting of 147 brain tumors, the authors carry out a comparative investigation involving the site of the ensuing operation to ascertain the accuracy of the clinical and paraclinical diagnoses. Computed tomographic findings were deliberately excluded with the intention of focusing on the accuracy attainable by traditional means. Clinical findings, X-ray examination of the skull, ophthalmological findings, electroencephalographic and echoencephalographic data, nuclear diagnosis, and angiographic findings were all taken into account.

Brain↗
PubMed1987

[Computerized tomography of the mediastinum--results of a retrospective study].

The results of the CT-investigations of the mediastinum on 500 patients can be described in the following way: the assessment of mediastinal lymph nodes was clearly improved by the CT. About half the positive mediastinal findings in malignant lymphomas was to be proved only in the CT. The diagnostics of mediastinal space-occupations was elevated to a higher degree. Statements concerning the coarse tissue are possible. In myasthenia gravis pseudoparalytica the computed tomography is the best method for demonstrating the morphologic relations. The individual changes of the thymus gland are, however, not certainly to be differentiated from each other. Among the vascular changes aneurysms and an arcus aortae dexter with right descending thoracic aorta can unequivocally be demonstrated. A particular advantage of the computer tomography consists in the possibility to separate the perfused lumen from the thrombotically closed one. The search for a primary tumour in the mediastinum is not useful in negative conventionally radiographic findings.

Aortic Aneurysm↗