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Biomedical subjects

J Fuchs

Publications and source records attributed to J Fuchs.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Isolation of an Escherichia coli mutant deficient in thioredoxin reductase.

A mutant of Escherichia coli defective in thioredoxin reductase has been isolated and partially characterized. This mutant has no detectable thioredoxin reductase activity in vitro and yet it exhibits no in vivo defect in reduction of ribonucleotides. Evidence is presented that indicates that, in cells permeabilized via ether treatment, ribonucleoside diphosphate reduction can utilize glutathione as an alternate reducing system.

Escherichia coli↗
PubMed1977

[On the clinical picture and therapy of arachnitis optico-chiasmatica (author's transl)].

From 20 cases of arachnitis optico-chiasmatica (a. o.) the symptoms of this relatively rare but pathologico-anatomically proved disuse of the brain base involving the optic nerves are described. In this description newer methods of investigation are mentioned which allow a differentiation of the clinical picture of o.a. from that of tumors of the middle cranial fossa. A single case is described in especial detail because a remarkable corneal cloudiness occured in it. The anatomical connection between this corneal cloudiness and vegetative nerve fibers in the region of the Gasserian ganglion is mentioned in honour of the theory of Speransky on nerve-directed tissue changes.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Cytotoxic and antitumor effect of antibiotic PSX-1 in vitro and in vivo].

The inhibitory effect of antibiotic PSX-1 on tumour cells was studied in vitro and in vivo. The antibiotic inhibited above all the utilization of the added 14C-labelled uridine and adenine in EAC cells. After a short exposure to PSX-1 (180 min) the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in EAC proliferating in vitro was suppressed. Antibiotic PSX-1 in concentrations of about 2.5 mg/ml showed relatively low toxicity on normal human fibroblasts but caused a marked cytotoxic and cytopathic effect on tumour cells. A potential antitumor effect of PSX-1 was evaluated in vivo by using gradually EAC and L 1210 tumours. All the animals treated with the antibiotic in doses of 2.5--5.0 mg/kg/day with the use of EAC and 5.0 mg/kg/day with the use of L 1210 survived for 90 and 40 days respectively and no tumours developed in the treated mice during this period.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[The two-way syringe. A comparison to modified aspiration methods in cataract surgery, and more recent indications for its use (author's transl)].

After description of construction, indication, and application of the two-way syringe in cataract surgery, this instrument is compared to some of its numerous modfications. The original device has the advantage of simplicity, and enables the surgeon to perform simultaneous irrigation and aspiration under zero pressure conditions without an assistant. More recent indications for the use of the two-way syringe are vitreous prolapse, and retinal detachment. These operations are described in detail.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uncoupler- and hypoxia-induced damage in the working rat heart and its treatment. II. Hypoxic reduction of aortic flow and its reversal.

In the working rat heart we investigated heart function (aortic and coronary flow) during a normoxic, a hypoxic, and a reoxygenation phase after hypoxia. A depressed heart function was obtained by limiting oxygen supply and reducing left ventricular filling pressure (preload). After hypoxic perfusion for about 90 min, reoxygenation resulted in a 50% decrease of aortic flow. Lactate production and release increased immediately after oxygen deprivation and reached a maximum after about 35 min of hypoxia. Following reoxygenation, lactate release decreased. Lactate dehydrogenase became significant after reoxygenation. After stabilization of aortic flow at 50% in the reoxygenation phase different reagents were examined for their influence on heart performance. 1.5 mM of 2-Mercaptopropionylglycine (MPG) significantly increased aortic flow by 40%. The oxidized form of MPG (ox-MPG) at a concentration of 0.6 mM increased aortic flow by 125%. A molecular mechanism is proposed involving reorientation of the ATPase molecules at their membrane sites.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Uncoupler- and hypoxia-induced damage in the working rat heart and its treatment. I. Observations with uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.

In the isolated working rat heart, the damaging effect of 0.05-0.06 microM Carbonylcyanide-p-trifluoro-methoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) was reversible within 20 sec by perfusion with fresh buffer. Cysteine 3 mM restored the aortic flow to the initial value within an additional 15-20 sec. Thereafter, the FCCP effect became irreversible due to a progressive structural membrane change. The structural change by FCCP is probably brought about by 'internalization' of polar groups (R-SH; R-NH3+) of the mitochondrial (and other) membrane.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Idiopathic edema in a male.

A 15-year-old boy who suffered from leg edema of unknown origin is described. The exclusion of any other cause for the edema, the clinical features, and the results of the dynamic tests performed suggested the diagnosis of "idiopathic edema," a syndrome described previously in women only. Spironolactone therapy brought about the disappearance of the edema and enabled the patient to return to his normal activities. This case report suggests that "idiopathic edema" is a syndrome common to both sexes, and is therefore not related to estrogen disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cranial nerve paralysis following carotid endarterectomy.

During the past seven years 347 patients have been entered into a data bank at the Duke University Medical Center for evaluation of transient neurologic ischemia. One hundred fifty eight of these patients had carotid endarterectomies of whom 24 (15.1%) developed 26 (16.4%) peripheral cranial nerve palsies. Injury to the peripheral portion of the hypoglossal nerve was noted in 13 patients, to the cervical branch of the facial nerve in five and to the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch of the vagus in eight. Complete recovery of nerve function usually occurred within four months but residual deficit was present at one year in two patients with facial nerve and four with hypoglossal nerve involvement. Even though these complications of carotid endarterectomy are generally benign and transient, the frequency of occurrence can be reduced if careful attention is given to anatomic localization of the cranial nerves during surgery.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glucagon as a non species-specific regulator of the glycaemia in honeybee (Apis mellifica).

It is known that hormones which exist in vertebrates are very old in respect to evolution. The presence of insulin and glucagon in insects had already been suggested in the early sixties. In this study honeybees are living in an "artificial hive" in the German laboratory under exactly standardized conditions. In the French laboratory standardized conditions yielded because only emerging worker bees were used i.e. those which were just slipping from the honeycomb alveoli. It seemed of interest to introduce an in vivo model in which one animal is punctured at tergum III in order to gain 1 microliter hemolymph using a glass capillary tube . *For the first time it is possible to puncture one animal three times. The main sugars in the hemolymph were silylated* and determined by gas chromatography in the German resp. by nano thin layer chromatography in the French laboratory. 0-500 ng porcine glucagon resp. the same amount of purified bee glucagon were injected to the animals and the action on carbohydrates observed during 2 hours. Similar to the action of glucagon in vertebrates, carbohydrate metabolism although completely different, appears to be regulated in part in this invertebrate stem. It is concluded that glucagon may represent a key hormone for degradation of the glycogen stores.

Acclimatization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alterations in total lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme-5 in hepatic disorders.

Values for total lactate dehydrogenase (LD, EC 1.1.1.27) and LD isoenzyme-5 were determined in serum of 106 patients with benign hepatic disorders, 54 of whom had acute liver disorders, either acute hepatitis (39 patients) or acute circulatory disturbances (15 patients). Fifty-two had chronic hepatic disorders, either cirrhosis (25 patients) or chronic right heart failure (27 patients). Overall, values for LD were above normal for 86 percent of the 106 patients with benign hepatic disorders. In 83 percent of 30 patients with non-fulminant viral hepatitis, LD values were below 350 U per L, while in all nine patients with either fulminant viral or toxic hepatitis, and in all 15 patients with acute circulatory disturbances, LD values were above 500 U per L. In all 52 patients with chronic hepatic disorders, LD values were below 350 U per L. In patients with acute liver disorders, both the total LD and LD-5 proportions were sensitive for liver injury (87 percent and 91 percent, respectively). On the other hand, LD-5 proportion was much less sensitive than total LD in patients with chronic liver disorders (40 percent versus 85 percent). In conclusion, a difference was found in LD values and LD-5 ratios between patients with non-fulminant viral hepatitis and patients with other causes for acute liver injury. The LD-5 proportions are more sensitive for hepatic injury in patients with acute liver disorders than in those with chronic liver disorders.

Acute Disease↗