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Biomedical subjects

J Goodwin

Publications and source records attributed to J Goodwin.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Visual evoked potentials to multiple temporal frequencies. Use in the differential diagnosis of optic neuropathy.

The usefulness of the visual evoked potential (VEP) in differential diagnosis increases when stimulus parameters such as check size and grating orientation are varied. In this study we varied the stimulation frequency. Temporal frequency-specific abnormalities were compared in three patient categories, including retrobulbar optic neuritis (eight patients), pseudotumor cerebri (11 patients), and thyroid eye disease (seven patients). All patients had minimal clinical evidence of optic nerve damage when tested. A 2.3 cycle-per-degree sinusoidal grating of 55% contrast was phase reversed at either 1 or 4 Hz. The P1 latency of the 1-Hz data and the phase at 8 Hz, the second harmonic of the 4-Hz input frequency, were measured. In retrobulbar neuritis, latency (phase) was severely abnormal at both temporal frequencies. In thyroid eye disease, VEP phase was abnormal at 8 Hz while the P1 latency was normal at 1 Hz. The P1 latency and phase were normal in most cases of pseudotumor cerebri. The results suggest differing mechanisms for damage in compressive vs primary demyelinating neuropathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Steady-state visual evoked potentials to asymmetrical contrast.

The temporal frequency components in the steady-state visual evoked response (VEP) depend on the method of stimulus presentation; a first harmonic is generated to "on-off" patterns while a second harmonic occurs to both "on-off" and counterphase patterns. This study examined the VEP response in humans to patterns between these two extremes. In the main experiment, a 1 c/d sinusoidal grating was phase reversed sinusoidally at 8 Hz. The DC offset, however, was adjusted such that two different levels of peak contrast occurred during a temporal cycle. Within this context, a counterphase pattern would represent complete contrast symmetry and an "on-off" pattern would represent maximum contrast asymmetry during a temporal cycle. With this manipulation, the a) integrated luminance change; b) local luminance change; and c) total contrast remained constant. Only mean contrast varied. The amplitude of the first harmonic strongly depended on mean contrast. The amplitude and phase of the second harmonic, however, changed little across experimental conditions suggesting a dependence on one or more of the above three listed stimulus attributes which remained constant. In a supplementary experiment, this phase constancy was confirmed using other temporal frequencies.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Correlates of menopausal hot flashes.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationships of frequency, duration, and intensity of hot flashes with daily stress, ambient temperature, and caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine intake in menopausal women. Ten menopausal women suffering from hot flashes monitored these variables daily for 6 weeks. Intrasubject correlational analyses revealed significant relationships between hot-flash activity and stress for half of the sample; few women exhibited significant relationships between hot-flash activity and other variables. The results are discussed with respect to theoretical implications and treatment strategies.

Arousal↗
PubMed1987

Alterations in neutrophil superoxide production following piroxicam therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Twenty patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis were enrolled in a study to determine the effects of piroxicam therapy on neutrophil function as defined by chemotaxis and superoxide anion (O2-) production. T-lymphocyte chemotaxis was also evaluated in these patients. Leukocytes were obtained from these subjects initially, after two weeks of placebo treatment, and subsequently after four and 10 weeks of piroxicam therapy (20 mg, once daily). Responses were compared to simultaneously tested normal controls and to the patient's own cells obtained at the different time points. Studies showed that four and 10 weeks of piroxicam therapy resulted in significantly suppressed neutrophil O2- production in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP). O2- production in response to opsonized zymosan was not significantly affected after four weeks of therapy, but was significantly reduced after 10 weeks of therapy when compared to the patient's own cell response after two weeks of placebo treatment. Unlike O2- production, PMN random migration and chemotaxis in response to C5a or FMLP did not differ significantly from normal or untreated patient controls. Analysis of T-lymphocyte migration showed that T-cell random migration or migration to the chemokinetic agent, casein, was not significantly altered by piroxicam therapy. However, when T lymphocytes were tested for chemotaxis in response to lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor for T cells (LCF), T cell migration was significantly suppressed after 10 weeks of therapy. Furthermore, when T cells from these subjects were cultured for 24 h, random migration was significantly reduced after four and 10 weeks of piroxicam therapy when compared to the patient prior to therapy, and migration in response to LCF was suppressed after four weeks of therapy when compared to normal controls. These data indicate that in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, treatment with piroxicam will significantly suppress PMN O2- production and may also alter the locomotor capacity of T lymphocytes. These actions may contribute to the antiinflammatory effects of piroxicam.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Motion aftereffects associated with pursuit eye movements.

Contrary to an earlier report [Anstis and Gregory, Q. Jl exp. Psychol. 17, 173-174 (1965)], we find that the sustained retinal motion caused by tracking a moving target over a stationary grating does not result in a motion aftereffect (MAE) which is equivalent to that resulting from comparable retinal motion caused by actual motion of a grating. The MAE associated with tracking generally occurs in elements falling on areas not previously exposed to retinal motion. It is in the same direction as the previous retinal motion in the display and is apparently an induced MAE caused by a weak, below threshold MAE in the elements stimulating areas that were previously exposed to retinal motion. Based on an analysis of eye movement records, we do not believe that the weakness of the tracking MAE is primarily a function of the poor quality of the tracking eye movements. Other possible reasons for the weakness of the MAE are suggested.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1987

Mary Reynolds: a post-traumatic reinterpretation of a classic case of multiple personality disorder.

In 1811 Mary Reynolds, a somber Pennsylvania spinster, awoke from a prolonged sleep as a new personality. Family memoirs describing her 18 years of shifts between two personalities shaped nineteenth century thinking about multiple personality disorder. As in other early case histories, no mention was made of childhood trauma, a factor found in 97% of contemporary cases. This discussion reviews genealogical and historical documents which suggest that Mary Reynolds did experience early trauma as a victim of religious persecution, which finally forced her family to leave Birmingham, England, when Mary was eight. Review of her illness indicates it may have functioned to eradicate memories of traumatic early experiences.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anterior choroidal artery-territory infarction. Report of cases and review.

Occlusion of the anterior choroidal artery (AChA) can cause infarction in the posterior limb of the internal capsule. Infarction is less frequent in the thalamus, midbrain, temporal lobe, and lateral geniculate body territories of the AChA. The most common clinical sign is hemiparesis. Hemisensory loss is usually transient but may be severe at onset. Homonymous upper-quadrant anopia, hemianopia, or upper- and lower-quadrant sector anopsia can be present. A homonymous defect in the upper and lower visual fields sparing the horizontal meridian is probably diagnostic of a lesion in the lateral geniculate body in the territory of the AChA. The most common stroke mechanism is small-vessel occlusive disease, predominantly found in hypertensive and diabetic patients, but cardiac-origin embolism also can affect the AChA territory. Two of our patients had infarction after temporal lobe resection for epilepsy. Occasionally patients have associated disabilities of higher cortical function that are usually transient. The lesion should be recognizable by computed tomography.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Inherited levator-medial rectus synkinesis.

We examined two sisters with lid retraction on adduction, the classic sign of levator-oculomotor synkinesis. In both women, the left eye was involved. No history of trauma or ocular surgery or complaints of diplopia were elicited, and both had good visual acuity and full ocular motility. Each exhibited 2 mm of left upper lid elevation on adduction and 4 to 6 mm of lid elevation on adduction with depression. In one of the sisters, 1 mm of ptosis was present in straight ahead gaze in the involved eye, which increased to almost 2 mm on abduction, but full levator function was observed. Four other family members in three consecutive generations were similarly affected, suggesting an autosomal-dominant mode of inheritance. To our knowledge, this type of isolated levator-oculomotor synkinesis has not been reported previously on a congenital and inherited basis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Use of alternate therapist during pregnancy leave.

Women therapists involved in the long-term treatment of severely disturbed patients can be faced with interruptions due to childbearing. In the following cases, use of an alternate therapist during pregnancy-related leaves of absence was helpful in bridging the therapeutic pause and allowed the patients to make significant gains.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1985

Knowledge and management strategies in incest cases: a survey of physicians, psychologists and family counselors.

A questionnaire was mailed to all 255 psychologists, psychiatrists, pediatricians, and family counselors listed in the 1983 telephone directory. Of the 108 private practitioners who responded, over one-half had treated a child or adult incest victim in the past year; 86% requested more training in this area. Practitioners had a high level of general knowledge about intrafamilial child sexual abuse. Nevertheless, one-third stated they would not refer to protective services a child who had first made, but then retracted, an incest allegation. While most pediatricians would recommend physical examination of a child who had retracted, only half of other professionals would do so. Women practitioners were more realistic about the high frequency of actual father-daughter incest and were more likely to report the hypothetical case of the retracted allegation.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1985

Family violence: principles of intervention and prevention.

The dispersal of clinical and research information on family violence among many subspecialties has obscured the multidimensional nature of the problem and the need for clinicians in all settings to develop a coherent approach to family violence. Through an interpretive review, the author discusses specific mental health contacts that necessitate the exploration of family violence. Failure to do so may lead to underdiagnosis of dissociative disorders and overdiagnosis of depressive disorders in victims. The author also discusses three types of interventions--verbalization, violence-prevention strategies, and advocacy and support--that are useful with victims, abusers, and other family members as well as with "battered professionals" who handle these cases, and describes a comprehensive intervention program.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Norfloxacin: activity against urinary tract pathogens and factors influencing the emergence of resistance.

The activity of norfloxacin was investigated in vitro in conventional minimum inhibitory concentration tests, by continuous turbidimetry and in a mechanical model simulating the hydrokinetic conditions that exist in the treatment of bacterial cystitis. The high activity of norfloxacin against virtually all bacterial pathogens isolated from infected urine was confirmed. However, in urine agar (pH 6 X 5) and in DST agar adjusted to pH 5 X 5, the activity was substantially reduced. Turbidimetric experiments indicated that increases in resistance to norfloxacin could be induced easily by sequential subculture, but results obtained in the bladder model, where conditions of exposure more closely resemble those that exist during the treatment of infection, suggest that such resistance is unlikely to arise commonly during treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Grandfather - granddaughter incest: a trigenerational view.

Grandfather-granddaughter incest accounts for about 10% of all reported cases of intrafamilial childhood sexual abuse. In a sample of 10 such cases, all referrals came from mothers of the child victims; six of these mothers had themselves been abused in childhood by the perpetrator. For eight of the 10 perpetrators, multiple child sexual victims were identified in a pattern that suggests facultative pedophilia. Only two of the 18 grandchildren sexually abused by the 10 grandfathers were asymptomatic at the time of report. Grandchild victims from chaotic families showed educational and behavioral symptoms; those from stable families exhibited fears and phobias. Eight of the 18 grandchildren were victimized by multiple perpetrators. The results cast doubt on the assumption that grandparent incest is a benign form of abuse and indicate that there is some justification for the fears expressed by adult incest victims about visitation between their children and the father-perpetrator.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Neuro-ophthalmologic signs in the angiitic form of neurosarcoidosis.

We studied eight patients with CNS sarcoidosis, including two patients with postmortem evidence of sarcoid granulomatous angiitis. Neuro-ophthalmologic findings included perivenular sheathing of retinal veins resembling the dripping of candle wax, vitreous cells, anterior uveitis, optic disk edema or granulomas, and conjunctival granulomas. Perivenous sheathing in the retina and the perivascular meningeal lesions in sarcoid angiitis were identical.

Adult↗