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Biomedical subjects

J Goodwin

Publications and source records attributed to J Goodwin.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Identification of trout and salmon bloods by simple immunological technique and by electrofocusing patterns of red cell enzyme superoxide dismutase.

Species identification of animal bloods is readily achieved by immunological tests. Differentiation among fish species on this basis is more difficult although considerable success has been achieved on the basis of both inter- and intra-specific differences in their serum proteins. This report describes a method for the identification of the different species of fish within the Salmonidae family and some coarse fish families on the basis of an immunological test and electrofocusing patterns of the enzyme superoxide dismutase from the red cell. The immunological technique relies on the development of a specific anti-trout (Salmonidae) serum which is used initially to differentiate the blood of a Salmonidae from other freshwater fish. Further discrimination, within the Salmonidae, is made on the basis of the different polymorphic forms of the enzyme superoxide dismutase separated in a pH 2.5 to 8 gradient. Using this technique, it is possible to differentiate among salmon, sea/brown trout, char, cheetah trout, and a number of varieties of rainbow trout.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Self-efficacy expectancies, response-outcome expectancies, emotionally based expectancies, and their relationship to avoidant behavior and its reduction through therapy.

Investigated the relationship of four types of expectancy to snake avoidant behavior and its reduction through modeling. Response-outcome expectancies are beliefs about the consequences of a behavior; self-efficacy expectancies are beliefs about one's ability to perform the behavior. Intellectually based expectancies are views of oneself or the world that are perceived to be accurate representations of reality; emotionally based expectancies are views of oneself or the world that may be perceived as inaccurate or irrational by the person who holds them. Experiments I and II investigated the relationship of intellectually and emotionally based versions of both response-outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies to snake avoidant behavior. It was found that all four expectancy variables correlate significantly with behavior on a snake avoidance task. Self-efficacy expectancies are not clearly better predictors of behavior than are response-outcome expectancies. Experiment III found that all four variables are changed as a consequence of modeling. It was concluded that a four-variable expectancy model is necessary to explain avoidant behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Prognosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: role of age and clinical, electrocardiographic and hemodynamic features.

Retrospective analysis of the clinical course of 254 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, followed up for 1 to 23 years (mean 6), disclosed that 58 had died, 32 of them suddenly. The 196 survivors were compared with the 32 patients who died suddenly and with the 38 who died suddenly or with heart failure. The combination of young age (14 years or less), syncope at diagnosis, severe dyspnea at last follow-up and a family history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and sudden death best predicted sudden death (false negative rate 30 percent, false positive rate 27 percent). A "malignant" family history was associated with poor prognosis, particularly in the younger patients; a family history of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without sudden death was more frequent in the survivors (12 percent) than in the dead (5 percent). Patients who had a diagnosis in childhood were usually asymptomatic, had an unfavorable family history and a 5.9 percent annual mortality rate. In those aged 15 to 45 years at diagnosis, there was a 2.5 percent annual mortality rate and syncope was the only prognostic feature. Among those diagnosed between age 45 and 60 years, dyspnea and exertional chest pain were more common in the patients who died, and the annual mortality rate was 2.6 percent. Poor prognosis was better predicted by the history at the time of diagnosis and by changes in symptoms during follow-up than by an electrocardiographic or hemodynamic measurement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Cinderella syndrome: children who simulate neglect.

The authors describe three adopted girls, aged 9 and 10, who falsely alleged that their adoptive mothers dressed them in rags, made them do all the chores, and favored their stepsiblings. Underlying these false accusations of abuse was a history that included 1) actual abuse of the child in a previous placement, 2) early loss of a mothering figure, and 3) emotional abuse in the adoptive home. Professional involved in child protection eed to recognize this syndrome because intensive family therpay and temporary placement of the child outside the home are required in all cases. The child's false accusation of abuse is a cry for help and should not be dismissed as a manipulative fabrication.

Adoption↗
PubMed1979

Suicide in pregnancy: the Hedda Gabler syndrome.

A review of forty-seven suicides in women of child-bearing age revealed that two women were pregnant, two were within the first year post-partum and two falsely believed themselves pregnant. The search revealed two additional pregnancy-associated suicides which had not been reported as suicide. Previous studies asserting that pregnancy protects against suicide would seem to be challenged by these data. Pregnancy-related suicides are similar to each other and to the literary suicide of Hedda Gabler and fit into a continuum of pregnancy-related disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Incest hoax: false accusations, false denials.

Expertise in investigating incest accusations is essential for psychiatrists because the law requires the reporting of sexual abuse of children. In such cases persistent and methodical investigation tends to yield a consensually credible view of what really happened without resort to special forensic techniques of truth-finding. In order to make a diagnosis of incest hoax, the investigator must thoroughly understand the mechanics of the hoax and the psychodynamics of the perpetrator. Failure to recognizing a delusional hoax can delay treatment for the perpetrator of the hoax. Failure to recognize a child's fabrication can subject the family to unnecessary legal action and unwittingly support the use of a similar manipulative technique by other susceptible children. Failure to recognize the false retraction of an incest accusation may leave the victim in danger of further sexual abuse or of physical punishment for having revealed the secret.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Systemic expression of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity.

Guinea pigs primed for cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) with several soluble proteins or with sheep erythrocytes developed a systemic, delayed-onset, maculopapular rash when challenged parenterally with specific antigen. The rash was most readily induced 5 to 7 days after immunization, at a time when local CBH skin test reactivity was also optimal. Miscroscopically, the rash resembled local CBH skin test reactions, being comprised of a papillary dermal infiltrate of basophils and lymphocytes and a striking dilatation and compaction of superficial venules. In addition to the systemic rash, animals expressing systemic CBH (SCBH) exhibited a striking eosinophilia at 24 hr which gave way to basophilia at 48 hr. Focal collections of eosinophils, and of smaller numbers of basophils, were found in the lungs and spleen; both eosinophils and basophils infiltrated the medulla of the thymus. Thus, basophil-rich infiltrations are favored in the skin even after systemic challenge with antigen and occur only to a much smaller extent in other organs where eosinophils may predominate. These differences in the response of various organs to challenge with parenteral antigen suggest that as yet unidentified local factors play a determinative role in regulating the inflammatory response. The pathogenesis of SCBH is not yet established, but it shares many of the properties of local CBH: histology, carrier specificity, development early after sensitization in the absence of detectable antibodies. Passive transfer has not been accomplished with serum alone but has been achieved irregularly with cells plus serum. SCBH may serve as a useful model for several disease states in man characterized by a systemic rash and eosinophilia, including certain types of drug reaction.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Isolation of the cytoplasmic granules of guinea pig basophilic leukocytes: identification of esterase and protease activities.

Procedures were developed for isolating highly purified cytoplasmic granules of basophilic leukocytes from guinea pig peripheral blood. The methods involved disruption of cells in 0.34 M sucrose followed by a series of membrane filtrations and fractionation on sucrose density gradients. These preparations, up to 95% pure basophil granules by electron microscopy, contained a mixture of neutral esterases-proteases including caseinolytic activity; both trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like serine hydrolases were identified by means of appropriate inhibitors. Localization of at least one such activity to the basophil granule was confirmed by a cytochemical method; this activity was absent in contaminating lymphocytes and eosinophils. By contrast, several lysosomal enzymes, lactic dehydrogenase, and plasminogen activator activity, present in cell homogenates, were absent from purified granules. The granule matrix of guinea pig basophils, unlike the cytoplasmic granules of other granulocytes or mast cells, was little altered by high or low salt concentration but was disrupted into insoluble fragments by 0.01 N HCl and by Triton X-100. Granules were solubilized by papain and by urea-SDS but enzyme activity was destroyed. Triton X-100 incubation with freeze-thawing proved to be the optimal method for extracting esterase activities. Esterase activities were not released from basophils under conditions of anaphylactic degranulation that liberated the great majority of basophil granule histamine.

Animals↗