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Biomedical subjects

J Grunt

Publications and source records attributed to J Grunt.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy. Geref International Study Group.

The efficacy and safety of 1 yr of GH-releasing hormone [GHRH-(1-29)] therapy in GH-deficient children were determined. One hundred and ten previously untreated prepubertal GH-deficient children were treated for up to 1 yr in a multicenter, open label study with 30 micrograms/kg GHRH-(1-29)/day, sc, given at bedtime. Eighty-six of the 110 patients were eligible for efficacy analysis. The main outcome measures, monitored every 3-6 months, were linear growth enhancement (height velocity), bone age progression, and safety measures including clinical chemistry. The mean height velocity for the group increased from 4.1 +/- 0.9 cm/yr at baseline to 8.0 +/- 1.5 and 7.2 +/- 1.3 cm/yr after 6 and 12 months of therapy, respectively. At 6 months, 74% of the children were considered to have a good response to GHRH. The ratio of the change in bone age to height age was not significantly different from unity at 12 months (1.04 +/- 0.58; P = 0.63). No adverse changes in general biochemical or hormonal analyses were noted. No change in fasting glucose concentration or excessive generation of insulin-like growth factor I occurred, and overall GHRH was well tolerated. We conclude that GHRH administered as a once daily dose of 30 micrograms/kg GHRH.(1-29), s.c., was effective in increasing height velocity in GH-deficient children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Prophylactic administration of selected antibiotics in hospitals in the Slovak Republic].

Over a period of ten years prophylactic administration of selected antibiotics was evaluated three times (in 1973, 1983, and in 1988) in the same ten hospitals of the Slovak Republic. The study was focused on the use of gentamicin (GEN), cotrimoxasol (COT) and cephalosporins (CEP). Prophylactic administration of antibiotics was found to be increasing. GEN is being given less frequently, while CEP are administered more often, which is considered to be a positive trend. The period of prophylactic administration of antibiotics is still inadequately long with an average of 10.7 days. Evaluation of antibiotic administration showed that antibacterial substances have the highest rate of prophylactic administration in patients with oncologic diseases, followed by patients with diseases of the urinogenital system. A positive development was recorded in the perinatal period with a decreasing trend in the prophylactic administration of antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Comparison of basic physical measurements in Czech and Slovak children and adolescents].

The authors compared the Slovak and Czech part of the IVth nation-wide anthropological survey of children and youth from birth to the age of 18 years and evaluated the revealed differences in height, body weight, head and chest circumferences. The results confirm the assumed further approximation of growth values of the two child populations and the gradual equalization recorded in particular in the youngest age groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Analysis of the use of gentamicin, cotrimoxazole and cephalosporin in selected hospitals].

The authors investigated the administration of monitored antibiotics, i.e. gentamicin, cephalosporins and cotrimoxazol, as well as of other so-called not monitored antibiotics. The investigation was made in the same 10 hospitals in the Slovak Republic three times in the course of 15 years, i.e. in 1978, 1983 and for the last time in 1988. It was revealed that the number of therapeutic administrations of the monitored antibacterial substances in increasing. The excessive gentamicin administration persists in particular on neonatal, premature-infant and surgical departments. The authors evaluate as a positive feature that the structure of administered antibiotics changes, i.e. the amount of gentamicin administration is declining and the cephalosporin administration has a rising trend. The investigated antibiotics were administered for an average period of 10.6 days which is too long, in particular in gentamicin where the period was as long as 9.2 days. The investigated antibiotics were administered most frequently in diseases of the airways and in diseases of the urinary and genital system.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1990

Combined chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity study of the fungicide trimorphamide in rats.

Trimorphamide, a new fungicide, was fed over 2 years to groups of 50 male and 50 female rats at dietary levels of 0, 67, 330 and 665 mg/kg. No adverse effects on mortality, haematology, urinalysis, organ weights, incidence and severity of tumors were observed. Isolated observations of abnormalities in blood chemistry suggested the possibility of certain renal damage in the highest dosage group; however, the clinical significance of these findings is dubious. According to the results of the present study, 67 mg/kg in the diet can be considered as the "no observed effect level".

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Blood and placental concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury in mothers and their newborns.

Placental transfer of cadmium, lead and mercury was studied under the conditions of environmental exposures of pregnant women to these heavy metals. Fifty pregnant women from industrial area and a similar control group from a semirural area were examined. Cadmium, lead and total mercury levels were determined in maternal erythrocytes and plasma, in placenta, and in erythrocytes and plasma of umbilical cord blood using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Except for the cadmium plasma concentration in the control area, levels of the three metals were higher in maternal than in cord blood. The mean plasma values (arithmetic mean) of cadmium, lead, and mercury in industrial area were 0.53, 6.37, and 0.37 micrograms.100 ml-1 in maternal blood and 0.30, 4.82, and 0.31 micrograms.100 ml-1 in cord blood. Highest values of the correlation coefficients were found between the cadmium and mercury concentrations in maternal and cord blood erythrocytes. No striking effect of the place of residence of pregnant women on the heavy metal concentrations in biological materials could be found.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1983

Therapeutic use of restricted antibacterials in Czechoslovakia.

The therapeutic use of restricted antibacterials in Czechoslovakia was studied. Data from 10 hospitals were collected over one year for approximately 10,000 therapeutic applications of eight restricted antibacterials to 8411 patients. The drugs monitored were oxacillin, kanamycin, gentamicin, carbenicillin, co-trimoxazole, colistin, cephalosporins, and lincomycin/clindamycin. Eighty-nine percent of the patients received the restricted antibacterials for therapeutic (rather than prophylactic) purposes. Approximately 16% of these patients received two or more of the drugs, and many of them received nonrestricted antibacterials concurrently. Patients on pediatric, newborn, and prematurely born wards received 55% of the restricted antimicrobials, where oxacillin and gentamicin were used most frequently. Therapy with these drugs was initiated without regard to bacteriological examination for causal bacteria and susceptibility in 7% of all cases, causal bacteria were not reported in an additional 10%, bacterial susceptibility was not determined in another 29%, therapy was administered in 7% of cases in which the bacteria were known not to be susceptible, and confirming susceptibility results were known in advance of therapy in only 30% of the cases. The restricted antibacterials were overused and were frequently prescribed for patients who may not have needed antibacterial therapy at all.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

Adaptability of pancreatic enzymes activity to various food nutritive values in man. Influence of high protein diet.

The effect of varying dietary protein content on the activity of human pancreatic proteinases was studied in healthy volunteers. Following the consumption of food with a higher protein content, proteinases activities in duodenal aspirate after pancreozymin and secretin stimulation showed an increasing trend only for a period of 14 days and then returned to their original values. Chymotrypsin is more sensitive and its activity increased significantly. Trypsin activity increased without statistical significance. No evidence of changing other parameter (volume, bicarbonate concentration, amylase and lipase activities) was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prophylactic use of restricted antibacterials in Czechoslovakia.

The prophylactic use of restricted antibacterials in Czechoslovakia was studied. Data from 10 hospitals were collected for approximately 10,000 therapeutic applications of eight restricted antibacterials to 8411 patients. The drugs monitored were oxacillin, kanamycin, gentamicin, carbenicillin, co-trimoxazole, colistin, cephalosporins, and lincomycin/clindamycin. Within one year in the 10 hospitals studied, 943 of 8411 patients (11.2%) received one of the restricted antibacterials for prophylaxis. In the newborn ward, 61.7% of all restricted antibacterial therapy was for prophylaxis; in the gynecology and obstetrics ward, 32.2%. Approximately 14% of patients receiving restricted antibacterials for prophylaxis received two or more, and many of them received nonrestricted antibacterials concurrently. Duration of therapy with these drugs averaged 7.9 days, and 10% of these courses of therapy exceeded 11 days. Although the selection of individual restricted antibacterials for prophylaxis was generally satisfactory, irrational prolongation of therapy was not, indicating that use of these drugs must be supervised carefully.

Anti-Infective Agents↗