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Biomedical subjects

J Guerrin

Publications and source records attributed to J Guerrin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Cancer of the prostate. Epidemiologic evaluation, incidence, and trends, especially in France].

With 7,172 deaths in 1982, prostatic cancer is a frequent cancer in France observed among old men, coming just after the lungs cancers and representing 9.6% of male mortality from malignant disease. Its incidence in the French regional population based on departmental registries is about 25/100.000 (age adjusted to the world standard population). The geographical distribution throughout the world shows a high incidence rate among the black american, the Scandinavian countries and low rates in the south-east of Asia. As well as incidence as for mortality low trends of increase all over the world are observed. In the clinical data from the "Enquete Permanente Cancer" (E.P.C.) the high proportion of metastatic dissemination (48%) at initial time of diagnosis, and also the high proportion of epithelial cancer (92%) emerge from a series of 1,223 prostatic cancer registered between 1975 and 1982. The 9 year-survival relative rate (32%) for the whole group lets appear a level of cure observed after the 8 years of follow-up. Few risk factors have been yet recognized so that it is not easy to identify risk population and propose them any preventions.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Model independent pharmacokinetic study of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II).

The disposition of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP) was evaluated in 8 patients with cancer. They received 80 mg/m2 of CDDP as a 20 min i.v. infusion. Sixteen blood samples and sixteen urine samples were obtained over 6 hours following the completion of cis-platinum infusion and were assayed for total platinum by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. There was a great variation among maxima urinary concentrations (123 to 1436 mumol . l-1) and an important decrease of diuresis appeared 3 hours after the infusion. Model independent pharmacokinetic parameters: distribution volume and renal elimination clearance were determined. The calculated distribution volumes suggest an extremely rapid diffusion of CDDP into the peripheral compartment. The ratio of total platinum clearance to creatinine clearance decreased 75 min after infusion, this being the consequence of the variation of protein binding or nephrotoxicity.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Role of chemotherapy in adjuvant treatment of breast cancer: modulation of the immune status].

Adjuvant antimitotic chemotherapy increases the survival rates of patients suffering from breast cancer with nodes involvement, but its effects on the immune status are still unclear. The immune status of these patients was studied from the general point of view and particularly from the antitumoral immunity. The most studies which have been made, indicated a such immunity was present, and proved it was more important when the tumor's invasiveness is limited without node involvement. From a general point of view, when an immunologic impairment is present in patients with breast cancer, it seems to have a poor prognosis. Many modulations of this immune status are determined by the treatment's modalities: surgery and radiotherapy have more or less local or general immunologic effects and in certain conditions, antimitotic chemotherapy is immunosuppressive, but it may also interfere as an immunoregulator with a good effect on antibody secreting cells or on suppressive cells. Several situations may be considered according to the tumor immunogenicity and the host immunologic competence. In these different cases, immunotherapy is not always indicated and when this one is, its specificity is still not sufficient. The recent results of specific or non specific immunotherapy trials performed after locoregional treatment or antimitotic chemotherapy are generally not significant and do not lead us to propose a modulation of immune status without controlled trials.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Chemotherapy in advanced malignant melanoma. Results of a controlled trial comparing a combination of dacarbazine (DTIC) and detorubicin with dacarbazine alone].

51 patients with malignant melanomas who had not previously received chemotherapy were studied in a phase III trial. They were all advanced cases, either in relapse or showing metastatic spread and with one or several measurable tumor sites. They were judged to be too advanced for surgery or radiotherapy. They were split at random into two groups. Both groups received DTIC (250 mg/m2, IV, over 4 days every three weeks) and one group received detorubicin (120 mg/m2, IV every three weeks) as well. Detorubicin is a new anthracyclin drug which has shown promise in the treatment of these tumors in a previous trial. The combination of the two drugs produced better results than dacarbazine alone. Eight 50% regressions were obtained out of 22 cases studied (36%) with the combination, as opposed to 4 out of 26 (15%) with the single drug. The average length of response was also longer for the combination, i.e. 6 months opposed to 5 for the single drug. The differences were not, however, statistically significant (X2 = 2.09). Toxic reactions were also more frequent with the combination therapy (65%) than with DTIC alone (40%) (X2 = 0.42), as well as more serious because of the myocardial toxicity of the anthracyclin drug. This trial showed that a combination of dacarbazine with detorubicin improves the therapeutic outcome. Whether this represents a real benefit will need statistical confirmation from trials of combinations using other anthracyclins.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Ovarian cancer: role of medical treatment].

The objective of medical treatment is to define the most active regimen and to combine them with optimal efficiency in the overall management of ovarian cancer patients, according to the results of surgical examination and the radiotherapeutic possibilities. The chemotherapy of common epithelial tumours is basically composed of alkylating agent, adriamycin, cis-platinum and hexamethylmelamine. The combination of these drugs leads to a high rate of surgically controlled tumor regressions and more complete responses, the only treatment which significantly increases survival. Results are less efficient for relapses or after failure of first line chemotherapy. The adjuvant chemotherapy of malignant germ cell tumours is used more and more often. The present indications of hormonotherapy are limited. Immunostimulant agents are being studied by several assays and preliminary results are interesting.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Randomized trial of vincristin-methotrexate-bleomycin and cis-platin or detorubicin for advanced head and neck cancer (author's transl)].

In a randomized multicenter trial, 151 patients, with advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the head, neck and oesophagus, were treated with an association of vincristin, methotrexate, bleomycin and cis-platin (group I) or detorubicin (group II). Prognostic factors were equally distributed for the both groups. Partial or complete responses were obtained in 22 patients of group I (29 p. cent) and 9 in group II (12 p. cent, p less than 0.05). Objective response rates were higher in untreated patients or those in good condition but the difference was not statistically significant. Five probably treatment induced deaths (3 p. cent) were observed. Treatment was stopped in 2 patients (15 p. cent) for haematological, general or digestive toxicity. This trial confirms the efficacy of vincristin, methotrexate, bleomycin and cis-platin for advanced head and neck carcinomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cisplatinumdiamminodichloride (CPDD) in chemotherapy of cancers: a phase II therapeutic trial.

We have conducted a phase II trial of cisplatinumdiamminodichloride (CPDD) which not only demonstrated its remarkable activity in embryonic carcinoma of the testes, but also in ovarian carcinoma, in melanoma, and in epidermoid carcinoma, especially of the head and of the uterus cervix. Its toxicity, manifested mainly in the digestive and renal tracts, confines its administration to hospitalized patients only. This compound is now indicated in combination therapy for the above-mentioned tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Chemotherapy in cervical cancer. Assessment of 267 palliative treatments and current trends (author's transl)].

Over the last 10 years 267 treatments with cervical cancer have been treated with chemotherapy in 4 anticancer centers. The analysis of these results shows: 1) 9 per cent of the treatments were discontinued because of clinical and hematological intolerance reactions; these intolerance reactions were responsible for 1 per cent of the therapeutic deaths; 2) an effect on the functional symptoms in 52 per cent of the patients with multiple drug regimens; 3) an objective global response in 18 per cent of the patients treated with single drug therapy (3 regressions greater than 50% out of 6 cases treated with cis-platinum) and in 22 per cent of the patients treated with various associations. Comparison of these results to recent data in the literature confirms: 1) the hope of improving objective results by developing more rational protocols of association, since, for the moment more active drugs are not available; 2) a much more marked chemotherapeutic action on lesions which have not been previously irradiated (statistically significant differences in response). Chemoresistance in cervical cancers may not be as frequent or as insurmountable as generally believed. The role of chemotherapy may be visualized from: 1) the palliative point of view, for efficacy while reducing toxicity); 2) induction sequence in curative treatment programs for advanced local forms with unfavorable prognosis (logical and attractive orientation of therapeutic studies); 3) the point of view of adjuvant treatment which remains to be defined. Rigorous studies are required to assess whether chemotherapy can give eventual long term improvement in high risk cervical cancers.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

[Cis-diammino-dichloro-platinum therapy of cancers; phase II therapeutic trial].

We have conducted a phase II trial of cisdiammino-dichloro platinum (CDDP) which demonstrates its remarkable activity in testis embryonic carcinoma, in ovary carcinoma and in epidermoid cancers, especially head and neck and uterus cervix carcinoma. Its toxicity in mainly digestive and renal. This compound is now indicated in combinations in the case of the above mentioned tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Carcinoembryonic antigen in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Correlations with clinical stage, histopathology, and survival about 115 cases (author's transl)].

Carcinoembryonic antigen is elevated in the serum of approximately 35% (35/98) of patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The incidence of elevated serum CEA is not related to stage of disease, histopathology, lymphangiogram and survival rate. Carcinoembryonic antigen levels return to normal after curative radiation therapy (25/32). Persistently high values after irradiation are indicative of residual disease (3/32). Reappearance of CEA, with a progressive rise evoke a recurrence, and may precede the clinical diagnosis.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen↗
PubMed1977

[Polychemotherapy of advanced breast cancer. Triple combination with doxorubicin. Analysis of 209 observation].

Two hundred and nine patients with breast cancer in an advanced stage were treated according to a chemotherapeutic regimen associating doxorubicin, vincristine and methotrexate, administered in courses of 5 days every three weeks. This analysis deals only with the short range results; they confirm those of a previous randomized study. A global objective response was obtained in 187 cases (89%) and a measurable regression of the lesions in 150 cases (71%); in these later cases 90 (43%) had a regression of more than 50 per cent. The most striking effects, often rapidly observed, involve sites which are not generally sensitive: liver (40%), pleura (24%) and bone (only 6%, but 8 times out of 10 a definite action on the pain syndrome). Side effects were, on the whole, acceptable (only one severe hematologic complication); however, the risk of myocardiac toxocity due to the accumulation of doxorubicin limits the utilization of this association. It thus needs to be relayed by other drug regimens which are included in a program of long term action, but has interesting characteristics as induction chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Prognostic value of alpha-fetoprotein radioimmunoassay in surgically treated patients with embryonal cell carcinoma of the testis.

Alpha-fetoprotein was assayed radioimmunologically in 51 samples of sera from 26 patients who had been operated for embryonal cell carcinoma of the testis. The test was found to have good prognostic value. Elevated levels were seen frequently in patients with metastase or who developed metastases. The kinetic study of alpha-fetoprotein allows us to monitor treatment efficiency, as well as to study cancer evolution.

Humans↗