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Biomedical subjects

J Guzman

Publications and source records attributed to J Guzman.

83 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenotypic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes from acquired immunodeficiency patients with and without Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.

A study was performed to reveal possible differences in lymphocyte subpopulations from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of acquired immunodeficiency patients with and without Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Forty-one consecutive human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients were studied. Pneumocystis carinii infection was detected in the BAL fluid from 18 patients. The BAL lymphocyte subpopulations were determined by surface marker analysis with the immunoperoxidase slide assay. No significant differences in the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes were found between the two groups. The percentage of CD57+ natural killer (NK) cells was significantly higher in the Pneumocystis carinii-negative group than in the -positive group. Since NK cells protect from microbial infections, it is conceivable that the loss of CD57+ NK cells may be one of the phenomena leading to the immunodeficiency state that underlies the pulmonary complications characteristic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increased surfactant protein A content in human alveolar macrophages in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) appears to have an important function in the assembly and maintenance of the alveolar surfactant monolayer. SP-A has also been implicated in modulating the activity of immunoactive cells, such as increasing the bactericidal capacity of alveolar macrophages. In this immunocytochemical study the SP-A content of alveolar macrophages from seven patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis was compared with the results obtained from six healthy controls. A polyclonal rabbit antibody against human SP-A was used for detection of SP-A in the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages, applying the immunoperoxidase adhesive slide assay. In hypersensitivity pneumonitis a significant increase in the percentage of SP-A+ alveolar macrophages was observed as compared with the percentage in healthy controls. The intensity of the staining reaction was also increased in the alveolar macrophages of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. We conclude that the observed abnormalities in SP-A content in alveolar macrophages may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunocytochemical analysis of ascitic fluid due to cirrhosis. A contribution to understanding the origin of markedly atypical cells.

In some cases of ascitic fluid due to cirrhosis, benign mesothelial clusters may be observed, accompanied by markedly atypical cells that have been proposed to be abnormal macrophages, mesothelial cells or necrotic cells of hepatic origin. The aim of this study was to determine the origin of these cells with the use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against cell surface antigens. Furthermore, the lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed for a possible correlation with the presence of abnormal cells. Markedly atypical cells were found in 4 of 12 cases. They showed no phagocytosis of latex particles and were negative for MAbs My4 (CD14), HLE-1 (CD45), Leu M1 (CD15), CEA 3-13 and HEA-125. They reacted positively with BMA-120 and HLA-1. This staining pattern demonstrated the mesothelial origin of the markedly atypical cells. The profile of the lymphocyte subpopulations in the cases with markedly atypical cells was not different from the other cases. We propose that these cells are abortive cluster formations of mesothelial cells.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant pleural effusions due to small cell carcinoma of the lung. An immunocytochemical cell-surface analysis of lymphocytes and tumor cells.

Thirteen malignant pleural effusions due to small cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung were immunocytochemically studied using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase adhesive slide assay for the determination of cell surface antigens. A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was used to determine the lymphocyte subpopulations and the reactivity of the tumor cells. Of the lymphocytes, 87 +/- 1% were CD3+ T cells, with 72 +/- 10% CD4+ helper/inducer T cells and 20 +/- 5% CD8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Only a minority of T lymphocytes were activated in terms of expressing the surface markers CD38 and HLA-DR. The distribution of the lymphocyte subpopulations was not significantly different from the distribution in other malignant and nonmalignant pleural diseases previously studied, indicating that the reaction pattern of the lymphocytes in the pleural cavity is similar in different diseases. The tumor cells from all cases were positive for LeuM1, CD16 and HLA-DR; 10 of 11 cases were positive for HEA-125, Sam 2 and Sam 10. Positivity for epithelial membrane antigen was observed in 11 cases, for OKT9 in 8 cases and for carcinoembryonic antigen in 6 cases. A total or partial loss of the reactivity with HLA-1 was found in nine cases. The reactivity pattern of the tumor cells with the MAbs used in this study is not specific for SCC of the lung because other carcinoma cells also reacted with these markers. Additional morphologic criteria, such as cell size and cell configuration, are needed to recognize the immunocytochemically positive-reacting cells as tumor cells from SCC of the lung. However, the immunostaining allows a better identification of the tumor cells, especially in cases with a small quantity of tumor cells.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lymphocyte subpopulations in malignant ascites of serous papillary ovarian adenocarcinoma. An immunocytochemical study.

The aim of this study was to investigate lymphocyte subpopulations in 17 patients with malignant ascites due to serous papillary adenocarcinoma of the ovary. Eight patients had not been treated prior to the study whereas nine patients had been treated by surgery and chemotherapy. A panel of monoclonal antibodies against surface markers that correlate with the immune functions of the lymphocytes was used. The lymphocyte subpopulations were identified by the immunoperoxidase adhesive slide assay, and the results in treated and untreated patients were compared. Both groups of patients showed lymphocytosis (41 +/- 25% and 33 +/- 14% of the total cells, respectively). The untreated patients had a significantly higher proportion of B cells (14 +/- 4% of lymphocytes) than did treated patients (7 +/- 2%). No differences were found between both groups regarding the helper-inducer/suppressor-cytotoxic T lymphocyte ratio. The proportion of lymphocytes expressing interleukin-2-receptors was higher in treated patients (6 +/- 2%) than in untreated patients (1.2 +/- 1%). Both groups showed a high percentage of natural killer/cytotoxic cells (17 +/- 7% and 18 +/- 5%, respectively). In the only chylous effusion in this study, there was an increase in helper-inducer and activated T lymphocytes. Future studies are required to document whether surface marker analysis of lymphocytes in malignant effusions may be useful for assessment of the prognosis and the results of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant ascites of serous papillary ovarian adenocarcinoma. An immunocytochemical study of the tumor cells.

In 17 malignant peritoneal effusions due to papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary, the reaction patterns of the tumor cells to monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against surface antigens were studied and compared with the reaction patterns of mesothelial cells in the same effusions. The following surface markers were used with the adhesive slide method: epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), human epithelium-specific cell surface antigen (HEA-125), human endothelial antigen (BMA-120), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA 3-13), an antibody against natural killer cells and cytotoxic cells (BMA-070), granulocyte antigen (Leu M1) and leukocyte antigen of class I (HLA-1). In all cases, from 30% to 95% of the tumor cells reacted with EMA and HEA-125. Tumor cells showed a positive staining with CEA 3-13 in only five cases. In all cases, from 75% to 95% of the tumor cells reacted positively with BMA-120. The reactivity of a few mesothelial cells with EMA and of all mesothelial cells with BMA-120 did not interfere with the identification of positive tumor cells since the reaction patterns were different. Interestingly, our study demonstrated that BMA-070, an MAb identifying natural killer cells and cytotoxic cells, is also a most useful tumor marker. The same was found to be true for Leu M1, an MAb originally thought to react only with granulocytes. The tumor cells showed a partial or total loss of the expression of HLA-1 reactivity. Since all cases were immunocytochemically positive for tumor cells while conventional cytology was positive in only 13 of the cases, the immunocytochemical analysis of malignant peritoneal effusions due to papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the ovary seems able to improve the cytologic diagnosis of the fluids.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The value of the immunoperoxidase slide assay in the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions in breast cancer.

Whether immunocytochemical studies of malignant pleural effusions due to breast cancer would increase the diagnostic yield as compared with conventional effusion cytology was examined in 30 cases with biopsy-proven metastatic spread to the pleura. Conventional cytology was performed on air-dried smears as well as on cytocentrifuge preparations stained with the May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain. Immunocytochemistry was performed with monoclonal antibodies against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique on glass slides after Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. By conventional cytology, 13 cases (43%) were positive for malignant cells, 6 cases (20%) were suspicious, and 11 cases (37%) were negative. In marked contrast, all 30 cases were immunocytologically positive for malignancy. Tumor cells in all cases demonstrated a positive reaction for EMA. Some mesothelial cells were also positive for EMA, but their reaction pattern was clearly distinguishable from that of the tumor cells. Twenty-one cases (70%) also showed CEA-positive tumor cells; mesothelial cells never reacted with CEA. Some tumor cells showed a loss of HLA expression. In conclusion, this immunocytologic method can be recommended as a routine procedure for greatly increasing the diagnostic yield of cytology in pleural effusions due to breast cancer.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of storage time on the analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations in pleural effusions.

It is not known how long cell surface antigens can be detected on lymphocytes in pleural effusions. Therefore, the lymphocyte subpopulations of 15 native pleural effusions were analyzed after different storage times, at either 4 degrees C or room temperature, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase adhesive slide assay. No significant differences in the lymphocyte subpopulations were observed after one day of storage under both conditions, although the immunoreactivity with CD4 was poor in the majority of cases stored at 4 degrees C and in two cases stored at room temperature. After three days of storage at 4 degrees C and after four days of storage at room temperature, a marked decrease in lymphocytes attached to the slides was observed. Immunoreactivity with CD8, CD20, CD45 and HLA-1 was well preserved, also, after one week of storage. Reactivity with CD3 was weak or poor after three days of storage in some cases. It is important to recognize that the preservation of the immunoreactivity of lymphocytes is dependent not only on the nutritive quality of pleural fluids but also on the cell preparation method.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunocytochemical characterization of isolated human type II pneumocytes.

The expression of surface antigens on human type II pneumocytes is unknown but may be important in diagnostic cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage specimens. Thus, the immunocytochemical reactivity of isolated human type II pneumocytes was determined using a panel of commercially available monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Type II pneumocytes were isolated from fresh human lung tissue obtained from surgical specimens (four non-smokers, six heavy smokers) after enzymatic digestion with dispase and subsequent discontinuous metrizamide gradient centrifugation. MAbs OKIa; EMA; OKT9; BMA 130a, b and c; EP4; TAG 72; HEA 125; and Leu M1 were studied using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase adhesive slide assay method. In all cases, type II pneumocytes reacted positively with OKIa, BMA 130a, BMA 130b, EMA, EP4, TAG 72 and HEA 125 and negatively with OKT9, BMA 130c and Leu M1. The percentage of positively reacting type II pneumocytes was 90 for OKIa, HEA 125 and EP4; 80 for EMA; 50 for TAG 72 and BMA 130a; and 5 for BMA 130b. Human type II pneumocytes share the expression of several antigens with epithelial tumor cells. This limits the usefulness of these markers with respect to differentiating between reactive type II pneumocytes and malignant cells.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗