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Biomedical subjects

J Guzman

Publications and source records attributed to J Guzman.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Macrophage size determinations in the diagnosis of tuberculous effusions.

This study investigated the usefulness of macrophage size determinations in lymphocyte-rich pleural effusions to improve the cytologic diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy. The size of pleural macrophages was analyzed by quantitative morphometric planimetry in 18 effusions due to tuberculosis, 21 effusions following radiotherapy for malignant disease and 10 effusions due to congestive heart failure. Macrophages were identified and clearly separated from mesothelial cells by latex phagocytosis and immunostaining with the monoclonal antibody My4 (CD14). The mean macrophage area (+/- standard deviation) in tuberculous effusions (92 +/- 14 sq micron) was significantly smaller than in postradiation (141 +/- 28 sq micron) and heart-failure effusions (154 +/- 22 sq micron) (P less than .0001). There was also a smaller ratio of mesothelial cells in tuberculous effusions (0.5 +/- 0.9%) in comparison with effusions following radiotherapy (4 +/- 5%) or congestive heart failure (10 +/- 12%). In summary, this study demonstrated some cytomorphologic parameters that may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous effusions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Lung and blood lymphocyte subsets in asbestosis and in mixed dust pneumoconiosis.

To study the local distribution of lymphocyte subsets in inorganic dust diseases, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in seven patients with asbestosis, and in 13 patients with mixed dust pneumoconiosis (anthracosidero-silicosis). Lymphocyte subsets in BAL and blood were determined by the monoclonal antibodies OKT3 (pan T), OKT4 (helper/inducer), OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic), B1 (B-cells), OKIa (HLA-DR antigens), and Leu-7 (natural killer). The BAL lymphocytes were moderately elevated to 15 +/- 8 percent (mean +/- SD) in mixed dust pneumoconiosis, and even more markedly increased to 28 +/- 21 percent in asbestosis. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio in BAL was significantly increased to 4.5 +/- 2.1 in asbestosis, and significantly reduced to 0.9 +/- 0.8 in mixed dust pneumoconiosis. In blood, the ratio of T-cell subsets remained unchanged, though total lymphocytes were decreased in asbestosis. These results suggest altered cellular immune processes in the lungs of patients with pneumoconiosis and may indicate different immunoregulatory changes depending on the nature of the inhaled dust.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Predictive value of bronchoalveolar T cell subsets for the course of pulmonary sarcoidosis.

To study the value of knowing the proportions of bronchoalveolar T cell subsets when predicting the course of pulmonary sarcoidosis, we subjected 31 patients to clinical, physiologic, and radiographic evaluations, with controls, for at least 12 months. Initially, when all patients were untreated, BAL's were performed, and BAL lymphocyte subsets were marked by the following monoclonal antibodies: OKT3 (expressed by all T cells), OKT4 (to mark helper-inducer T cells), OKT8 (to mark suppressor-cytotoxic T cells), and OKIa (to mark Ia antigen-positive, activated T cells). A normal T4/T8 ratio was highly predictive of a favorable course: the conditions of 13 out of 15 patients with normal ratios remained stable or improved, and only 2 of these 15 patients had to be treated because of persistent symptoms. On the other hand, the conditions of 10 out of 16 patients with elevated T4/T8 ratios deteriorated during the follow-up period. The specificity of T cell subsets for predicting deterioration was improved by considering both the T4/T8 ratio and the number of Ia antigen-positive, activated T cells present. Deterioration occurred in 9 out of 11 patients with elevated T4/T8 ratios and elevated levels of activated T cells. These results suggest that the subtyping of BAL lymphocytes may be useful in determining prognosis in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Gold-induced fibrosing alveolitis].

Fibrotic alveolitis appeared in a 54-year-old patient undergoing gold therapy. In differential diagnosis, this infrequent side effect of gold therapy is to be distinguished from rheumatoid lung fibrosis. Lymphocyte sub-populations were determined in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of the patient. The results obtained support the view that the side effect is due to an immunologically mediated process.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1984

Identification of endotoxin-positive cells in the rat lung during shock.

Following an intravenous administration into rats of a shock-inducing dose of endotoxin (2 mg) the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was demonstrated immunohistochemically (light and electron microscopy) and determined quantitatively (radio-labelled LPS) in the lung tissue and in isolated alveolar macrophages. At different times after LPS injection morphological investigations of the pulmonary tissue and alveolar macrophages were carried out. One hour after endotoxin treatment 3% of the alveolar macrophages were already LPS-positive. The maximum extent of the immunoperoxidase reaction for endotoxin (100% cells involved) was observed on day 3, the vast majority (98%) of the alveolar macrophages being LPS-positive still on day 14. 0.9% of the injected radio-labelled LPS preparation was found to be associated with lung tissue on day 3. By this time 0.173 microgram LPS/10(6) alveolar macrophages was detected. During the time of ultrastructural investigation endotoxin appeared in the lung only within cells. By their high capacity for storing endotoxin and their numerical superiority the mononuclear phagocytes are the leading LPS-positive cells in the lung, although granulocytes, endothelial cells, and alveolar epithelial cells were sometimes also involved. The accumulation of a high percentage of activated macrophages in the lung seen in the late stage of shock could represent at least one of the main factors leading to damage of pulmonary tissue. The correlation between appearance of LPS-positive macrophages and histological signs of lung tissue injury in the present investigation is striking.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Significance of sonographic course controls in acute pancreatitis].

Two patients with complicated acute pancreatitis are demonstrated. Sonographic factors are compared to laboratory and clinical findings. Ultrasound can add relevant information for classification and thereby supply an indication for surgery in patients with acute pancreatitis. This is especially true since laboratory classification of the grade of the disease is as yet not generally accepted.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone marrow transplantation vs. high-dose cytorabine-based consolidation chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. A long-term follow-up study of quality-of-life measures of survivors.

Thirty patients previously treated for acute leukemia were studied on the average of 5-6.5 years postdiagnosis in regard to issues of quality of life. Of these 30, 11 were treated with bone marrow transplantation, 19 were treated with conventional chemotherapy. Overall, significant differences were not found between the two groups in regard to evidence of depression symptoms, multifocal psychiatric symptomatology, or on any subscale of a test evaluating problems and rehabilitation needs of cancer patients. A step-wise regression was done, controlling for baseline covariates that included type of medical treatment, months since diagnosis, type of induction chemotherapy protocol, sex of patient, and age of patient. Significant differences in quality of life were not found between the treatment groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The gastric cytoprotective effect of several sesquiterpene lactones.

The aerial part of Artemisia douglasiana, used in folk medicine as a cytoprotective agent against the development of peptic ulcer, was studied, its active principle dehydroleucodine [1] isolated, and its pharmacological properties analyzed. In order to establish whether or not the reported activity is particular to sesquiterpene lactones, the study of the cytoprotective activity of several related guaianolides and pseudoguaianolides from plants was undertaken. Ludartin [3], 8-angeloyloxy-3-hydroxyguaia-3(15),10(14),11(13)-trien-6,12- olide [4], hymenin [5], mexicanin I [6], helenanin [7], and 9-O-desacetylsparthulin-2-O-angelate [8] were found to exhibit protection. Desacetoxymatricarin [2] did not show cytoprotective activity. The results obtained from the different sesquiterpene lactones studied suggest that the presence of the alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone moiety is, in principle, a requirement for the observed antiulcerogenic activity.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chromosomal and behavioral studies of Mexican Drosophila. III. Inversion polymorphism of D. pseudoobscura.

Four new gene arrangements of chromosome 3 of Drosophila pseudoobscura are reported, as well as an updated phylogenetic sequence of the inversion polymorphism in this species. Evidence that the Tree Line gene arrangement of chromosome 3 was the original form in D. pseudoobscura, and that Central Mexico is the center of distribution of this species is discussed.

Animals↗