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Biomedical subjects

J H Saunders

Publications and source records attributed to J H Saunders.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Haemorrhoids--objective measurement of proctoscopic appearances.

The proctoscopic diagnosis of haemorrhoids may be influenced by the surgeon's knowledge of the presence or absence of associated symptoms. In this study, an observer with no knowledge of the history, was used to check the surgeon's proctoscopic findings in 12 asymptomatic controls, and 24 symptomatic patients on 2 occasions, the latter group undergoing McGivney rubber band ligation. There was very good correlation between the findings of the surgeon and the observer, indicating a lack of 'historical bias'. The documentation method designed to allow this comparison proved sufficiently accurate and reproducible to enable a correlation between haemorrhoidal mass and symptoms. Relief of symptoms after treatment correlated well with an objective reduction in haemorrhoidal mass.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Very long-term treatment of peptic ulcer with cimetidine.

In an open trial, 96 patients with endoscopically proven peptic ulcers were randomly allocated to treatment with cimetidine (1 g/day) for periods of 3, 6, 9, or 12 months. After their courses of treatment, the patients were followed up for at least 6 months. In 92% the ulcers had healed after treatment for 1 month, and in a further 5% the ulcers healed during the next 2 months. Ulcers recurred during treatment in 24% of patients and within 6 months of withdrawal of treatment in a further 43%. In nearly a third of patients the recurrences were asymptomatic and were discovered only through routine endoscopic studies. Continuous treatment with full doses of cimetidine for a year seems to prevent relapse of the majority of ulcers which have healed during treatment; but it does not cure the ulcer disease, since relapse generally occurs quite rapidly when treatment is discontinued.

Cimetidine↗
PubMed1977

Prevention of wound infection in abdominal operations by peroperative antibiotics or povidone-iodine. A controlled trial.

The wound-infection rate after abdominal operations was compared in 113 patients randomly allocated to an untreated control group, a group receiving preoperative lincomycin and tobramycin, or a group receiving local instillation of povidone-iodine. The wound-infection rate was 8.1% in 37 patients receiving antibiotics, 42.1% in 38 untreated controls, and 39.5% in 38 patients in the povidone-iodine group.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1977

Long-term effects and after-effects of treatment of duodenal ulcer with metiamide.

Three therapeutic regimens were investigated to find the best way of treating duodenal ulceration with the histamine H2-receptor antagonist metiamide. Relapse of duodenal ulceration was not prevented by nocturnal administration of metiamide. Recurrence was prevented by continued administration of metiamide for 1 year, but cessation of treatment was followed by rapid relapse or symptomless recurrence of the ulceration. Repeated short courses (1 month) of treatment resulted in slower symptomatic control and more rapid recurrence of the ulceration. The treatment of duodenal ulcer with H2-receptor antagonists requires further investigation.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1977

Inhibition of gastric secretion in treatment of pancreatic insufficiency.

The content of pancreatic enzymes in the duodenum was studied in two patients with pancreatic achylia after a standard meal supplemented with commercial pancreatic extract. Gastric transit of the enzymes, with appearance of near-normal amounts in the duodenal contents, occurred only after inhibition of gastric secretion and buffering of residual gastric acid with antacids. Gastric inhibition and neutralisation of acid are therefore necessary for the satisfactory treatment of patients with pancreatic exocrine insufficiency but normal gastric function.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1977

Potentiation of the action of azaserine on the rat pancreas by raw soya bean flour.

Rats were treated with raw soya flour to produce pancreatic hypertrophy and also received azaserine, a pancreatic carcinogen. The combined treatment resulted in the development of large numbers of hyperplastic nodules in the acinar tissue of the rat pancreas. We conclude that the pancreas of the rat stimulated to proliferate by raw soya flour provides a sensitive model for detecting and studying pancreatic carcinogens.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Liquid and solid-state Cl- -sensitive microelectrodes. Characteristics and application to intracellular Cl- activity in Balanus photoreceptor.

When intracellular chloride activity (aiCl) was monitored with chloride-sensitive liquid ion exchanges (CLIX) microelectrodes in Balanus photoreceptors, replacement of extracellular chloride (Cl0) by methanesulfonate or glutamate was followed by a rapid but incomplete loss of aiCl. When propionate was used as the extracellular anion substitute, CLIX electrodes detected an apparent gain in aiCl, while a newly designed Ag-AgCl wire-in glass microelectrode showed a loss of aiCl under the same conditions. This discrepancy in Cl- washout when propionate replaced Cl0 is explained by the differences in selectivity of CLIX and Ag-AgCl electrodes for native intracellular anions and for the extracellular anion substitute which also replaces Cli and interferes in the determination of aiCl. Both electrodes indicate that ECl approximately Em when the cells are bathed in normal barnacle saline, and both electrodes showed the rate of Cl washout (tau approximately 5 min) to be independent of Cli when Cl0 was replaced by glutamate. Details of Ag-AgCl microelectrode construction are presented. These electrodes were tested and found to be insensitive to the organic anion substitutes used in this study. Selectivity data of CLIX electrodes for several anions of biological interest are described.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Cation and anion sequences in dark-adapted Balanus photoreceptor.

Anion and cation permeabilities in dark-adapted Balanus photoreceptors were determined by comparing changes in the membrane potential in response to replacement of the dominant anion (Cl-) or cation (Na+) by test anions or cations in the superfusing solution. The anion permeability sequence obtained was PI greater than PSO4 greater than PBr greater than PCl greater than Pisethionate greater than Pmethanesulfonate. Gluconate, glucuronate, and glutamate generally appeared more permeable and propionate less permeable than Cl-. The alkali-metal cation permeability sequence obtained was PK greater than PRb greater than PCx greater than PNa approximately PLi. This corresponds to Eisenman's IV which is the same sequencethat has been obtained for other classes of nerve cells in the resting state. The values obtained for the permeability ratios of the alkali-metal cations are considered to be minimal. The membrane conductance measured by passing inward current pulses in the different test cations followed the sequence, GK greater than GRb greater than GCs greater than GNa greater than GLi. The conductance ratios obtained for a full substitution of the test cation agreed quite well with permeability ratios for all the alkali-metal cations except K+ which was generally higher.

Alkalies↗
PubMed1977

Effects of cimetidine and poldine on nocturnal gastric secretion in duodenal ulcer.

Cimetidine inhibited nocturnal secretion of acid but only slightly inhibited the nocturnal secretion of pepsin in patients with duodenal ulcer. Administration of cimetidine (200 or 400 mg), together with an anticholinergic drug (poldine), augmented the inhibition of the nocturnal secretion of acid and of pepsin. The combination of an H2-receptor-blocking drug with an anticholinergic drug will have therapeutic application in the management of duodenal ulceration.

Benzilates↗
PubMed1977

Enzymic activities of commercial preparations of pancreatic enzymes.

The enzymic activities of 20 commercial pancreatic extracts have been measured by standard (F.I.P.) methods of assay and the activities have been compared with a standard preparation of pancreatin supplied by the British Pharmacopoeia Commission. A wide range of enzymic activities was found. The tabulated cost per unit of enzymic activities provides a guide to one aspect of the potential therapeutic efficacy of pancreatic extracts in the treatment of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.

Amylases↗