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Biomedical subjects

J H Tripp

Publications and source records attributed to J H Tripp.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Plasma concentrations after oral or intramuscular vitamin K1 in neonates.

One hundred and seven healthy, breast fed infants received 1 mg vitamin K1 either at birth (orally or intramuscularly) or with the first feed (orally). Venous blood samples collected in the next 24 hours were assayed for plasma vitamin K1. In babies given the vitamin orally at birth, the peak median concentration (73 ng/ml) occurred at four hours. By 24 hours median plasma concentrations had fallen to 23 ng/ml and 35 ng/ml in the groups fed vitamin K1 at birth or with the first feed, respectively; this difference was not, however, significant. Plasma concentrations after intramuscular injection exceeded those in the oral groups at all comparable times, with a peak median concentration of 1781 ng/ml at 12 hours falling to 444 ng/ml at 24 hours. Since median plasma vitamin K1 concentrations 24 hours after oral administration were some 100 times and 1000 times greater than previously estimated adult and newborn values respectively, this study supports giving vitamin K1 orally at birth to well, mature babies to protect against early haemorrhagic disease of the newborn. Further studies are needed to determine the optimum dose for protection over subsequent weeks.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Diabetes and developing knowledge of the body.

Fifty seven diabetic children were compared with healthy children for knowledge of their bodies and causes of diabetes. Diabetic children were more likely to include the pancreas and less likely to include the brain or stomach in drawing their bodies. The data have implications for understanding how illness affects psychological development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Loperamide in severe protracted diarrhoea.

Six infants with severe life-threatening protracted diarrhoea were treated with loperamide. Steady-state perfusion studies of the jejunum showed that in 2 of them the small intestine was in a net secretory state with respect to water, and in the others this was inferred from the fact that the diarrhoea persisted despite nothing by mouth. Loperamide resulted in a prompt and impressive improvement in the condition of each infant. We conclude that this drug has an important role in the management of protracted diarrhoeal states in some infants who are unresponsive to current treatments, and that its effect is related to its antisecretory action.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1983

Blood testing compared with urine testing in the long term control of diabetes.

A comparison of visually read glucose oxidase strips and urine testing is reported in an unselected group of 19 diabetic children in relation to the degree of control achieved and to its acceptability. The degree of control was at least as good after five months' blood glucose monitoring at home (mean blood glucose 9.3 +/- SEM 2.9 mmol/l, mean 24 hour glucose excretion 113 +/- SEM 168 mmol/l) as after five months' urine testing (mean blood glucose 11.1 +/- SEM 4.1 mmol/l, mean 24 hour glucose excretion 141 +/- SEM 98 mmol/l). Home blood glucose monitoring was preferred either alone or in conjunction with urine testing in most cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Magnetic-susceptibility measurement of human iron stores.

We made direct noninvasive magnetic measurements of hepatic iron stores with a specially designed superconducting quantum-interference-device (SQUID) susceptometer in 20 normal subjects and in 110 patients with liver disease, iron deficiency, hereditary hemochromatosis, or transfusional iron overload. Magnetic in vivo measurements of liver non-heme iron were closely correlated with chemical in vitro measurements in liver-biopsy specimens (r = 0.98, P less than 10(-5) up to 115 mumol per gram of liver tissue (wet weight) or more. Magnetically determined storage-iron concentrations were below 6.0 mumol per gram in iron-deficient patients and normal men and premenopausal women, but they were raised (9.7 to 31.4 mumol) in 12 of 67 patients with liver disease and were greatly increased (22.9 to 117.7 mumol) in patients with untreated hereditary hemochromatosis or transfusional iron overload. Magnetic measurements of iron stores provide a new quantitative technique for early detection of hereditary hemochromatosis and for rapid evaluation of treatment regimens for transfusional iron overload.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Loperamide modifies Escherichia coli, heat-stable enterotoxin-induced intestinal secretion.

We have shown previously that loperamide, an opiate analogue, inhibits cholera-toxin- and prostaglandin E2-induced secretion in the rat small intestine. In these studies loperamide modified secretion induced by partially purified Escherichia coli, heat-stable enterotoxin in infant mice. The drug was effective whether administered before or after established secretion. These experiments provide further suggestive evidence that loperamide has a broad spectrum of antisecretory activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Supplementary feeding and jaundice in newborns.

In a survey it was found that the majority of full-term breast fed infants receive supplementary feeds of water, dextrose solution or infant formula during the first few days of life. Breast fed babies receiving water or dextrose supplements had higher plasma bilirubins on the sixth day of life than bottle fed infants. Supplementation with water or dextrose did not reduce the hyperbilirubinaemia of term, breast fed infants. Since it may prejudice the establishment of breast feeding, we suggest that the practice is abandoned.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Loperamide: studies on its mechanism of action.

The effects of loperamide on net solute and water absorption, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and cholera toxin-induced secretion were studied in the rat jejunum using an in vivo steady-state perfusion technique. Loperamide stimulated absorption of fluid, electrolytes, and glucose and reversed PGE2 and cholera toxin-induced secretion to absorption; this opiate analogue had no effect on cholera toxin stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity or the rise of tissue cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentrations. The opiate antagonist, naloxone, reduced the antisecretory effects of loperamide without affecting tissue levels of cAMP. These results indicate that loperamide inhibits PGE2 and cholera toxin-induced secretion, and that this phenomenon is independent of any direct effect that cholera toxin has on the adenylate cyclase system. The action of naloxone suggests, but does not prove, that loperamide exerts its effect via opiate receptors.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1981

Cystic fibrosis "factor(s)": present also in sera of Schwachman's pancreatic insufficiency.

Using an in vivo closed-loop technique in rat jejunum, we have confirmed previous in vitro studies that cystic fibrosis (CF) serum inhibits water, sodium, and glucose absorption and transmural potential difference. CF heterozygote serum or sera form children with diarrhoeal disorders not associated with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency had no effect of transport. Sera from patients with Shwachman's syndrome and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency had identical effects to CF serum. These results challenge the specificity of the CF "factor."

Body Water↗
PubMed1980

A study of the auditory evoked magnetic field of the human brain.

Small but reproducible and consistent auditory evoked magnetic fields have been obtained for 6 male subjects. These fields exhibit features with a clear spatial symmetry which can be accounted for by assuming that their source consists of two vertically oriented neuronal complexes symmetrically located deep in the temporal lobes. This assignment, which is also consistent with the available electrical data, places the sources within the auditory cortex near the sylvian fissure. Our results suggest that auditory evoked magnetic fields may provide assistance in unravelling the source structure that produces the auditory evoked response, both electrical and magnetic.

Auditory Cortex↗