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Biomedical subjects

J J Edwards

Publications and source records attributed to J J Edwards.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Bispectral Index values are higher during halothane vs. sevoflurane anesthesia in children, but not in infants.

BACKGROUND: Previously, we have shown in adult patients that bispectral index score (BIS) values are significantly higher during halothane anesthesia (53-61 units) as compared with those observed during equipotent concentrations of sevoflurane (39-43 units). Because halothane is frequently used in the pediatric setting, we tested the hypothesis that BIS values observed in children might also be higher during general anesthesia with halothane than with sevoflurane. METHODS: Forty-one healthy, unpremedicated pediatric patients scheduled for elective operations received either halothane or sevoflurane titrated as appropriate for surgical stimulation. RESULTS: During maintenance sevoflurane anesthesia (n=20), the mean BIS values and percent end-tidal concentrations were 44+/-14 and 2.1+/-0.6, respectively, whereas for the halothane group (n=21) the corresponding values were 61+/-7 and 1.1+/-0.4, respectively. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that BIS values are higher during halothane vs. sevoflurane anesthesia in children, but not in infants.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

Isolated subscapularis tear from minimal trauma in a recreational athlete: a case report.

A 49-year-old male recreational weight lifter suffered an isolated partial tear of the subscapularis muscle after minimal trauma. His history was atypical for development of a subscapularis tear, which made his case more difficult to evaluate and subsequently treat. His recovery was uncomplicated and was facilitated by a physical therapy program to enhance rotator cuff strength and proprioception. This report includes a brief review of the literature on the etiology and management of these tears. This case emphasizes the importance of an appropriate physical examination and judicious use of imaging techniques so that uncommon disorders, even those with unusual presentations, can be diagnosed and managed to obtain good outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Separation and characterization of fibronectin domains by two-dimensional electrophoresis.

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) and image processing were used to quantify protein and carbohydrate heterogeneity in human plasma fibronectin (FN) and its enzymatically produced domains. After a 30 minute thermolysin digest of FN, the domains were identified in 2DGE by their known isoelectric points and molecular weights, which were compared to domain standards purified by hydroxyapatite, gel exclusion and heparin-Sepharose chromatography. Three individual species were observed in the cell binding domain which may correspond to the heterogeneity known to result from alternative splicings of the fibronectin gene. In addition, the carbohydrate heterogeneity in the gelatin binding domain was analyzed by 2DGE and isoelectric focusing (IEF) before and after treatment with N-glycanase and neuraminidase to remove selected carbohydrate moieties. Five individual species which differ in carbohydrate structure were observed. The results also indicate a carbohydrate dependent stabilization of the gelatin binding domain with respect to proteolytic digestion.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1989

Chromatographic separations of serum proteins on immobilized metal ion stationary phases.

The separation of proteins on stationary phases consisting of a bound organic chelator and a chelated divalent transition metal has been studied as a function of (A) metal ion species; (B) mobile phase composition and pH; and (C) anion and cation concentration. Optimum separation was observed at alkaline pH on chelated nickel stationary phases. Ammonium and Tris salts reduced the affinity of the metal chelate packing for serum proteins. Halide ions caused the proteins to be more strongly bound to the stationary phase. High salt concentrations had only a small effect on the binding of serum proteins in the absence of amine containing buffers or salts. It was also observed that the ease of elution and the recovery of protein were dependent on pH and upon the presence of halides. The general order of elution of serum proteins, based on isoelectric focusing, was independent of metal ion species and elution conditions, suggesting that a single mechanism or a unique sequence of mechanisms was operative. The results suggest that ligand exchange is the major mechanism of separation under basic conditions and that hydrophobic effects are the result of the competition of nonnitrogen ions with ammonium ions or amines for ligand binding sites modifying or participating in protein binding. Protein binding studies under weak acidic conditions are also presented although the mechanism responsible for protein binding is unclear.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1983

Phospholipid-nucleoside conjugates. 5. The interaction of selected 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-diphosphate-L-1,2-diacylglycerols with serum lipoproteins.

The phospholipid-nucleoside conjugates 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5'-diphosphate-L-1,2-dipalmitin (1), -distearin (2), and -diolein (3) have been shown to interact rapidly with canine high density lipoprotein and with both high density and low density lipoproteins isolated from human serum. The extent of interaction with the high density lipoproteins appears to be dependent upon the characteristic gel-liquid crystalline phase transition of the conjugate's phospholipid. Since the phospholipid-nucleoside conjugates under study represent sustained release forms of the antileukemic agent 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, the therapeutic efficacy of these conjugates should now be considered in light of these interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Phospholipid-nucleoside conjugates. The aggregational characteristics and morphological aspects of selected 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate-L-1,2-diacylglycerols.

1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate-1,2-diacylglycerols have previously been shown to be promising candidates as prodrugs of the clinically useful antileukemic agent 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Because of the amphipathic nature of these liponucleotides and the potential that their morphological state may mediate their biological activity, it was necessary to undertake detailed studies of their aggregational and morphological characteristics. When samples of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate-L-1,2-diacylglycerols (containing either dimyristoyl, dipalmitoyl or distearoyl fatty acid side chains) were prepared in buffered saline solutions using sonication methods, the morphological nature of the resulting aggregate was shown to be related to temperature and the length of the side chain. When sonicated at low temperatures all the above-mentioned derivatives gave turbid solutions containing large bilayer sheets. As the temperature was raised, a transition temperature was reached at which a stable three-dimensional cross-linked network of small interlocking bilayer stacks was formed. This turbidity transition temperature was directly related to the chain length of the fatty acid side chain. Sonication at temperatures close to this turbidity transition temperature produced small disc-shaped micellar structures. These micelles were shown to exist in another aggregational equilibrium consisting of a stacking-destacking process, the position within this equilibrium being dependent upon the concentration. In contrast, a sample of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-diphosphate-L-1,2-dioleoylglycerol (which contains an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond in each of the fatty acid side chains) was shown to give a multilamellar liposome structure when sonicated in buffered saline at temperatures above its turbidity transition temperature.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Proteins of human urine. III. Identification and two-dimensional electrophoretic map positions of some major urinary proteins.

We mapped the proteins of human urine by high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis, utilizing the ISO-DALT system. Wide-range pH gradients and narrow-range acid gradients were both used in the first-dimension separations. The patterns revealed proteins ranging in relative molecular mass from 10 000 to 90 000. Proteins identified in the map included transferrin, albumin, hemopexin, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin. Gc globulin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, Zn alpha 2-glycoprotein, retinol binding protein, beta 2-microglobulin, the immunoglobulin light chains, and MAUP (most acid urinary protein). The use and utility of internal-charge and molecular-mass standards are described. We used electrophoretic transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose sheets and subsequent detection by immunological methods to identify some proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Proteins of human urine. II. Identification by two-dimensional electrophoresis of a new candidate marker for prostatic cancer.

A protein series common to the urine and prostatic tissue of 16 of 17 patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma has been identified by high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. These proteins, designated PCA-1, have a relative molecular mass in sodium dodecyl sulfate of about 40000. Analyses of urines from eight age-matched controls, seven patients with other ty pes of urogenital malignancies, two patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and five patients with malignancies not associated with the urogenital system failed to show PCA-1 in the patterns. These preliminary findings suggest that this protein should be systematically investigated as a candidate marker for prostatic adenocarcinoma in man.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

A simple method of eluting proteins from two-dimensional gels.

Apo A-I lipoprotein was extracted from the appropriate pieces of two-dimensional gel patterns, by electrophoresis onto hydroxylapatite overlaying a slab of polyacrylamide sodium dodecyl sulfate gel. The extracted protein was then eluted from the hydroxylapatite by washing with increasing concentrations of phosphate buffer. The recovered protein was electrophoretically homogeneous. We believe that this method can be generally useful in the purification, for study, of proteins identified on two-dimensional gels as putative markers of disease.

Apolipoproteins↗
PubMed1981

Proteins of human semen. I. Two-dimensional mapping of human seminal fluid.

The proteins in human seminal plasma were mapped by high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (ISO-DALT and BASO-DALT systems). When analyzed under dissociating conditions, samples from normal fertile males revealed a pattern of over 200 proteins, ranging in mass from 10 000 to 100 000 daltons. Comparison of the mapped proteins from these males and those who had undergone vasectomy allowed us to identify one series of glycoproteins as missing from the semen from vasectomized individuals. Glycoproteins isolated by affinity chromatography with use of concanavalin A were also mapped. Some of the protein spots were identified either by co-electrophoresis with purified proteins or by the electrophoretic transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose sheets and subsequent detection by immunological procedures. The proteins identified include a number of serum proteins as well as prostatic acid phosphatase and creatine kinase. Proteolytic events shown to occur during the liquefaction of semen that occurs early after collection indicate the importance of carefully controlled collection and preparation methods for clinical evaluation of seminal plasma. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride inhibit this proteolysis.

Concanavalin A↗
PubMed1980

Loxoscelism of the eyelids.

Loxoscelism is a reaction to the bite of spiders of the genus Loxosceles. Several species have been found in the United States; the most commonly encountered is L reclusus, the small brown recluse spider. Two types of reactions occur from the bite. In the localized type, necrotic loxoscelism, a cutaneous lesion with extensive gangrene develops. About 25% of patients have systemic manifestations of viscerocutaneous loxoscelism. There is the same local reaction, but, in addition, fever, chills, vomiting, joint pain, and hematologic abnormalities occur. Hemoglobinemia and hemoglobinuria suggest severe involvement. Deaths are believed to be caused by massive intravascular hemolysis. We describe a 61-year-old man who was bitten on the periorbital region; viscerocutaneous loxoscelism with gangrenous involvement of the eyelids developed. Severe laryngeal edema from regional, massive swelling of his neck was life threatening.

Eyelid Diseases↗
PubMed1980

Quillaja bark (soapbark)--induced asthma.

A 24-yr-old man developed sensitization to Quillaja bark (soapbark) dust at his work place. Within 3 mo of being employed in a factory processing Quallaja bark to produce saponin, he experienced asthma symptoms while handling the bark but only nasal symptoms on being exposed to the purified saponin. Bronchial provocation using Quillaja bark dust resulted in immediate bronchoconstriction as well as faintness, diffuse erythema, and hypotension. Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) using the pulverized crude Quillaja bark was markedly positive, and cross-reactivity between gum acacia and gum tragacanth was demonstrated using this technique.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Phospholine iodide toxicity and Jones' tubes.

A 72-year-old man with epiphora secondary to bilateral canalicular stenosis resulting from long-term treatment with 0.125% to 0.25% echothiophate iodide (phospholine iodide) drops for glaucoma underwent bilateral conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomies with Jones' tubes. Within days after undergoing this surgery, he experienced severe unexplained diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss, and prostration. He cancelled his postoperative ophthalmic appointment because of "medical illness." He required admission to his local hospital where extensive studies were done in an attempt to establish the cause of this life-threatening condition. After stopping the echothiophate iodide drops, all symptoms disappeared within two days. Drug toxicity is a previously unreported complication of conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy, and this case demonstrates that topical medications have enhanced systemic absorption after lacrimal surgery with placement of fistulizing prosthetic devices. One must be aware of this possible complication, not only with long-acting anticholinesterases, but with topical sympathomimetic drugs (especially in cardiac patients) as well as cycloplegic agents in children.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Bilateral visual loss after blepharoplasty.

Blindness following blepharoplasty is a well-documented complication. Removal of orbital fat is common to most cases in which such blindness occurs. We present a patient who was referred to us following blepharoplasty involving orbital fat removal in all four lids with subsequent onset of bilateral visual loss. Visual acuity in the right eye has remained no light perception and in the left eye improved from 20/400 to 20/20 following bilateral orbital decompression. An electroretinogram was within normal limits in both eyes. A normal response from the visual evoked response in the left eye and an abnormal response from the visual evoked response in the right eye indicate ganglion cell damage or visual pathway disruption in the right eye, probably secondary to optic nerve ischemia. We conclude that the small nutrient vessels to the optic nerve are more easily compromised than the central retinal artery and are responsible for the visual loss in many of these cases. We believe this to be the first documented case of bilateral visual loss following blepharoplasty and the first electrophysiological study demonstrating the pathophysiology of blindness following blepharoplasty. We advocate rapid orbital decompression to treat this catastrophic complication.

Blindness↗