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J Jankowski

Publications and source records attributed to J Jankowski.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Oncogenes and onco-suppressor gene in adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.

While the activation of the proto-oncogenes has been implicated in the development and progression of cancer of many tissues, the role of oncogenes in the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma has not been defined. Fifteen patients who had undergone resection for oesophageal adenocarcinoma and 15 who had undergone oesophagectomy or biopsy for Barrett's oesophagus were studied. The latter patients also had adjacent normal gastric mucosa biopsied for comparison with the metaplastic oesophageal mucosa. The mucosal samples were snap frozen and subsequently stained with monoclonal antibodies to the following oncogene associated proteins; c-erbB2 (neu and CE-1) (external domain), c-erbB2 (NCL-CB11) (internal domain), c-src, c-ras, c-myc, c-fos, c-jun, and the onco-suppressor gene--p53. All tumours were well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas arising from the lower third of the oesophagus. Eleven specimens showed strong membraneous staining with both c-erbB2 (neu) and c-erbB2 (CBL-CB11). Seven specimens showed strong nuclear staining with p53 onco-suppressor gene. Three specimens were positive for c-ras and c-src, and two were positive for c-jun. In Barrett's epithelium, nine specimens were positive for c-erbB2 (neu and CB11), three were positive for c-src, two were positive for c-ras and c-jun, and one was positive for c-fos. Two of the gastric mucosal biopsy specimens expressed c-erbB2 weakly but no other oncogenes were found. The frequency of positive staining for c-erbB2 is very high, compared with the expression of these genes in other tumours. It is also concluded that errors in the onco-suppressor gene p53, and especially in the external and internal domains of c-erbB2, which is also often expressed in Barrett's mucosa, may be implicated in the development of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Transforming growth factor alpha in epithelial proliferative diseases of the breast.

AIMS: To determine at what stage there is increased expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) in preneoplastic diseases of the breast and to determine if this would assist in the histological diagnosis of different intraduct epithelial proliferations. METHODS: Specimens were retrieved from the archives of 17 cases of ductal hyperplasia, six cases of atypical ductal hyperplasia and 13 cases of ductal carcinoma in situ together with 12 'normal' breast biopsy specimens. Sections were stained immunohistochemically for TGF alpha. The staining was assessed semi-quantitatively taking into account both the staining intensity and the proportion of cells stained. RESULTS: Minimal expression of TGF alpha was observed in normal breast tissue. Increased levels of expression were seen in ductal hyperplasia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and ductal carcinoma in situ. Increased levels of expression of TGF alpha were also found in morphologically normal ducts immediately adjacent to areas of intraduct epithelial proliferation. CONCLUSION: Increased expression of TGF alpha occurs in the early stages of intraduct epithelial proliferation and will not help the histopathologist distinguish atypical ductal hyperplasia from either ductal hyperplasia or ductal carcinoma in situ. The molecular changes within a cell may precede the morphological changes observed by light microscopy thereby reflecting the biological potential of the epithelium.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Behçet's syndrome in Scotland.

We present the clinical details and HLA typing of 15 Celtic Caucasian patients (four male, 11 female) with Behçet's syndrome (International Study Group criteria). The males affected were younger than the affected females, and three of these males had severe uveal involvement. Two of the 15 patients had the A2 Bw6 Dr4 haplotype but this did not confer family penetrance. Eight had gastrointestinal involvement: two females required ileostomy, two females had chronic diarrhoea, one female had severe ileitis and oesophageal lesions, two males had peptic ulcers, and one female had a peptic ulcer and primary biliary cirrhosis. All of those who developed gastrointestinal symptoms had either the Dr4 or the Dr7 antigens. This study is the largest HLA survey of Celtic Caucasians with Behçet's syndrome. The clinical features and HLA haplotypes are markedly different from 'Arab' and 'Japanese' varieties of Behçet's syndrome. The expression of the Dr4 and Dr7 antigens in those with gastrointestinal involvement possibly implicates class II antigens (Dr) in the pathogenesis of the manifestations of Behçet's disease in the bowel.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Flow-cytometric analysis of growth-regulatory peptides and their receptors in Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

The conventional assessment of the premalignant potential of Barrett's oesophagus is unsatisfactory. However, it has recently been shown that abnormalities of growth-regulatory peptides and their receptors may be important in the pathogenesis of this condition. In an attempt to improve the diagnostic and prognostic criteria we have studied 21 consecutive patients with Barrett's oesophagus and 7 others with adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus. In each patient biopsy specimens were taken from the columnarlined oesophagus or the adenocarcinoma and from the gastric cardiac mucosa for routine histologic evaluation. Immediately adjacent specimens were taken from both the Barrett's mucosa or adenocarcinoma and from the gastric mucosa for flow-cytometric study. The latter samples were disaggregated and labelled with antibodies to epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R). The flow cytometer selected cells labelled with each antibody and expressed them as a percentage of the total number of disaggregated cells (average, 5500 cells). Epidermal growth factor receptors were expressed in a greater number of cells from Barrett's mucosa, with the intestinal type or those with dysplasia, than in gastric cardiac mucosa (p less than 0.05). All seven adenocarcinoma had many more cells expressing EGF, TGF-alpha, and EGF-R than normal gastric mucosa (p less than 0.01). We conclude that flow-cytometric evaluation of EGF-R can help in the understanding of the pathogenesis of Barrett's oesophagus.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Uptake of horseradish peroxidase by human oesophageal explants over 24 h.

Human oesophageal biopsies, endoscopically and histologically normal, were incubated in Ham's F10 for periods up to 24 hours in the presence of horseradish peroxidase. The fluid phase marker was taken up most avidly by the prickle cells but to a lesser extent in the functional layers and by basal cells. Endocytosed markers proceeded to multivesicular bodies (segrosomes). Horseradish peroxidase was later deposited in lysosome-like structures and also in the Golgi apparatus. The lesser uptake by the functional cells may represent reduced access of the marker to the cells due to the intercellular barrier.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1991

Abnormal expression of growth regulatory factors in Barrett's oesophagus.

1. In order to assess potential abnormalities in the control of mucosal proliferation, 30 patients with Barrett's oesophagus were studied in order to evaluate the presence and distribution of epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor to determine the Ki-67 labelling index in the affected oesophageal mucosa. Serial sections were analysed immunohistochemically. Ten of the patients had adenocarcinoma in the Barrett's mucosa and the other 20 had differing histological types of Barrett's mucosa (10, intestinal-type; 10, fundic- or cardiac-type). 2. The expression of transforming growth factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor was increased and the Ki-67 labelling index was higher in Barrett's mucosa compared with normal gastric mucosa. The 'intestinal-type' of Barrett's mucosa had the greatest expression of transforming growth factor-alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor and the highest Ki-67 labelling index compared with the other types of Barrett's metaplasia. Five cases of 'intestinal-type' Barrett's metaplasia had especially high Ki-67 labelling indices and these patients over-expressed both transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor. The patients with adenocarcinomas in the Barrett's mucosa also over-expressed transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor, but not epidermal growth factor, compared with normal gastric mucosa. 3. In conclusion, both normal gastric mucosa and Barrett's mucosa have potential autocrine growth regulatory mechanisms, but Barrett's mucosa has increased expression of both of the measured ligands and of the epidermal growth factor receptor.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Evidence for hypomotility in non-ulcer dyspepsia: a prospective multifactorial study.

A prospective multifactorial study of symptoms and disturbance of gastrointestinal function has been undertaken in 50 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia. Objective tests including solid meal gastric emptying studies, gastric acid secretion, E-HIDA scintiscan for enterogastric bile reflux, and hydrogen breath studies were carried out in all patients and validated against control data. Gastroscopy and biopsy were carried out in non-ulcer dyspepsia patients only. Non-ulcer dyspepsia patients were categorised on the basis of predominant symptoms as: dysmotility-like dyspepsia (n = 22); essential dyspepsia (n = 14), gastro-oesophageal reflux-like dyspepsia (n = 11); and ulcer-like dyspepsia (n = 3). In the total non-ulcer dyspepsia population, solid meal gastric emptying was delayed (T50 mean (SEM) = 102 (6) minutes (patients) v 64 (6) minutes (controls), (p less than 0.01) and high incidences of gastritis (n = 26) and Helicobacter pyloridis infection (n = 18) were found. An inverse correlation was observed between solid meal gastric emptying and fasting peak acid output (r = -0.4; p less than 0.01). Indeed gastric emptying was particularly prolonged in eight patients (T50 mean (SEM) = 139 (15) minutes) with hypochlorhydria. In the non-ulcer dyspepsia population oral to caecal transit time of a solid meal was delayed (mean SEM = 302 (14) minutes (patients) v 244 (12) minutes (controls) (p less than 0.01]. Seven patients had a dual peak of breath hydrogen suggestive of small bowel bacterial overgrowth. No association was observed between symptoms and any of the objective abnormalities. This multifactorial study has shown that hypomotility, including gastroparesis and delayed small bowel transit, is common in non-ulcer dyspepsia and may be related to other disorders of gastrointestinal function. No relation between symptoms and disorders of function, however, has been shown.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Data from the Wrocław region about thyroid diseases and use of prophylactic iodine after the reactor accident in Czernobyl].

The radiological contamination of Wrocław Region after Czernobyl accident was evaluated as moderate. In the frame of Research Programme MZ-XVII 4310 persons (2012 men and 2298 women) were randomly selected and investigated. Among them were 1525 children up to 16 years old. 925 children and 854 adults took potassium iodide; only minority in April but majority between May 1st and May 5th. Side effects was rare phenomenon seen in about 5% of those who ingested potassium iodide and in majority of cases was very mild (with rash and vomiting as most common clinical symptoms). Only 13 persons with side effects have visited physicians. Among 955 women aged 19-40 years 71 were pregnant in May 1986. 55 of them delivered on time, 3 before time. Average health state of newborns was 9.1 according to Apgar scale. 10 women have had spontaneous abortion and 3 decided to terminate pregnancy in first 6 weeks. The physical examination revealed the presence of diffuse goiter in 384 persons and of nodular goiter in 23 persons. In majority of cases the goiter was small, OB or I. according to WHO classification.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Occupational exposure in operational radiology.

Measurements of dose-rate on the body surface of workers engaged in operational radiology permit the assessment of average annual effective dose equivalent, and dose equivalents in eye lenses and in hands. Measurements were made in 20 hospitals in the course of different operations in which x-radiation was used. Individual values of annual effective dose equivalent ranged from about 0.1 to about 45 mSv. In the majority of cases this did not exceed 5 mSv at the current workload. For the eye lens, the respective dose equivalent range was from 0.01 to about 70 mSv; only in one case, due to the engagement of a totally inappropriate operating procedure, could the eye dose reach 1.9 Sv per year. The individual values of the dose equivalent to hands ranged from 0.5 to 140 mSv.

General Surgery↗
PubMed1991

Self-assessment of medical knowledge: do physicians overestimate or underestimate?

The relationship between doctors' medical knowledge and their inability to assess correctly what they know was investigated. Sixty out of 65 hospital physicians sat a MRCP Part 1 multiple-choice examination. In addition to the factual questions, they had to estimate how certain they were that their answers were correct. We confirmed that factual knowledge increased with clinical experience from the grade of house officer through to that of senior registrar. The self-assessment of likelihood of being correct revealed that, on average, doctors underestimated their knowledge by 8%. However, those who had passed their MRCP examination within the past three years over-estimated on average by 6%. We suggest that this inadequacy of self-assessment could have serious clinical implications, and should be assessed.

Educational Status↗
PubMed1991

[Value of exertional echocardiography and performance of transesophageal left atrial pacing done 3-4 weeks after acute myocardial infarction].

Two-dimensional echocardiography during exercise (ECHO W) and left atrial pacing (ECHO S) was done in 30 patients 3-4 weeks after acute myocardial infarction. Sensitivity of these methods to detect fresh myocardial ischemia was compared. Their prognostic value during 2 years after myocardial infarction was determined too. Both methods increase sensitivity of simultaneously performed ecg. Sensitivity of ECHO S (80%) was higher than ECHO W (67%). Sensitivity of the two methods altogether was higher (93%) then each method independently. Coexistence of worsening systolic wall motion abnormalities and a decrease in ejection fraction during both examinations may suggest worse clinical course and prognosis 2 years after myocardial infarction.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Extra-pleural approaches in the management of bronchial stump insufficiency following pneumonectomy].

Insufficiency of the bronchial stump is still a dreaded complication. The treatment with the use of extrapleural accesses led to a significant improvement of the therapeutical results. We have to distinguish between transpericardial techniques and the contralateral thoracotomy with transpleural or extrapleural access. If the pleural cavity is still sterile, immediate or four week postoperative insufficiency may be treated using rethoracotomy with resuturing the stump. Coverage of the stump with pedicled muscle tissue provides a rather good method for a secondary treatment of the bronchial stump. When the pleural cavity is already infected, extrapleural treatment of the bronchial stump should be undertaken immediately. In addition, all late insufficiencies are treated extrapleurally. If only a very small opening of a fistula is found, an endoscopical closure of the fistula should be attempted using acryl glue or fibrin glue. Our own therapeutic results concerning four right hand and one left hand stump insufficiency after pneumonectomy are presented in this study and we have classified the up to now published therapeutical results.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Hypercalcaemia in rheumatoid arthritis revisited.

The prevalence and mechanisms of hypercalcaemia were studied in a series of patients attending a regional referral centre for rheumatic diseases. In a prospective study one case of hypercalcaemia due to primary hyperparathyroidism was found in 251 consecutive patients who were screened over a three month period. In a retrospective study of 39 patients who had been discovered to be hypercalcaemic during the preceding 12 months known cases of hypercalcaemia were found in 38 (97%) cases. Primary hyperparathyroidism was the most common cause (n = 24; 62%), followed by thiazide treatment in five (13%), cancer in three (8%), immobility in three (8%), vitamin D toxicity in two (5%), and chronic liver disease in one (3%). In one case the diagnosis remained unclear after full investigation. This study shows that the causes of hypercalcaemia in rheumatological patients are similar to those in the general population. These observations contrast with previous reports, which suggested that hypercalcaemia may be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis itself.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Improved silver staining of nucleolar organiser regions in paraffin wax sections using an inverted incubation technique.

A new simple modification to the silver staining of nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) was devised which, by performing the incubation with the slide inverted, results in minimal undesirable background staining, a persistent problem. Inverted incubation is facilitated by the use of a commercially available plastic coverplate. This technique has several additional advantages over other published staining protocols. In particular, the method is straightforward, fast, and maintains a high degree of contrast between the background and the AgNORs.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Occupational exposure to X-radiation in Poland in the years 1966-1988.

The paper presents the results of measurements of individual doses received by persons occupationally exposed to X-radiation. About 99.5% of the monitored population receives an annual dose equivalent below 0.1 of the limit i.e. below 5 mSv. Doses higher than annual limit occur only very rarely--a few cases each year.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Cor triatriatum with mitral incompetence--contribution to diagnosis and therapy].

Authors presented difficulties in diagnosis of the cor triatriatum with the mitral incompetence in 34 years old female patient. Diagnosis was based on two-dimensional and doppler echocardiographic examinations and then angiocardiographically proved. Therapy consisted in resection of the fibromuscular intraatrial septum and implantation of the St. Jude mitral prosthetic valve.

Adult↗