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J Kaden

Publications and source records attributed to J Kaden.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Synergistic effect of donor pretreatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet irradiation of the graft plus azathioprine and prednisolone therapy in prolonging rat renal allograft survival.

Pretreatment of the kidney donor with 8-methoxy-psoralen (8-MOP) and direct longwave ultraviolet (UVA) irradiation of the kidney graft (PUVA therapy) significantly prolonged survival in allogeneic recipients. 40% of the recipients survived more than 100 days with normal transplant function. The addition of standard clinical immunosuppressive agents azathioprine and prednisolone (both at dosages of 15 mg/kg body weight/day for 21 days) to the PUVA therapy further improved graft survival rate, with a recipient survival rate of 62.5%. The two drugs alone were less effective in prolonging graft survival rate (28.5%). A synergistic effect of PUVA therapy and standard immunosuppressive treatment with azathioprine and prednisolone was demonstrated. This suggested a possible clinical application of this type of immunosuppression and immunoregulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Reduced immunogenicity of long-term, passively enhanced rat renal allografts and passive transfer of graft protection.

Enhancing alloantiserum was produced by immunizing male BD IX inbred rats with density gradient separated nylon-wool adherent spleen lymphocytes from male rats of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) different inbred strain Sprague-Dawley (SD). Long-term surviving (BD IX X SD) F1 to BD IX kidney grafts were achieved by treating the recipients with 1 ml alloantiserum at the time of transplantation. After greater than 100 days 7 passively enhanced F1 kidneys were retransplanted into naive BD IX rats. Four out of 7 secondary recipients, producing only low levels of lymphocytotoxic antibodies, survived for greater than 100 days, 3/7 rats died of surgical or infection complications. Twenty-one naive BD IX recipients of normal F1 kidneys were treated with serum (1 ml i.v.) and/or spleen lymphocytes (1 X 10(7) i.v.) obtained from the long-term survivors. An indefinite graft survival was achieved in 13 out of 21 rats. After greater than 150 days 6 out of these 13 passively enhanced F1 kidneys were retransplanted into naive BD IX rats which were challenged at the time of grafting with 4 X 10(7) SD lymphocytes to elicit rejection. Six out of 6 kidneys survived greater than 150 days. Thus, the long-term survival of rat kidney allografts in this model is associated with a strong reduction of graft immunogenicity as well as the development of suppressor cells and enhancing antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Normal values and membrane markers of theophylline-sensitive and theophylline-resistant human T-lymphocytes.

In 32 healthy adults between 20 and 50 years, the number of theophylline-resistant T-lymphocytes (T-res) was determined to be 51 +/- 4% or 1,161 +/- 326 per microliter, and that of theophylline-sensitive T-lymphocytes (T-sens), 11 +/- 2% or 252 +/- 95.--The decrease in number of rosette-forming cells after incubation with 1 mM theophylline was not caused by reduced vitality (51Cr-release test). The testing of various theophylline concentrations (1, 3, 5, and 10 mM) did not result in a changed count of T-sens. By a variation of the lymphocyte: sheep erythrocyte ratio and of incubation temperature it was found that T-sens possess high-affine and T-res low-affine receptors for sheep erythrocytes. While about 30% of the cells of both subpopulations proved to have Fc-IgM-receptors, among T-sens a significantly higher number of cells carried Fc-IgG-receptors than among T-res (29% vs. 10%).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Active enhancement of rat kidney grafts by immunization of the recipients with donor-specific nylon-adherent spleen lymphocytes].

At different intervals (2, 4, 8, 12 and 21 days) after preimmunization of BD IX inbred rats with density gradient-separated nylon-wool-adherent spleen lymphocytes from rats of the MHC different inbred strain Sprague-Dawley, (BD IX X SD)F1 kidneys were transplanted into the immunized BD IX rats. The non-immunized control rats died after 11-16 days. Kidneys transplanted 8 or 12 days after preimmunization survived indefinitely without any signs of rejection. In contrast, the rats grafted 2 and 4 days after preimmunization showed elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen (mean: 70-83 mmol/l) on the 7th post-operative day. The transplantation on day 21 resulted in a slight rejection episode on the 7th postoperative day. These results suggest the efficacy of nylon-wool-adherent lymphocytes in inducing an active transplant protection.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Simultaneous determination of C-reactive protein in the urine and serum of patients following kidney transplantation].

In 75 patients after kidney transplantation during the whole stay in hospital after operation the serum concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined serially and quantitatively as well as all the urines were investigated with regard to the appearance of a CRP-uria. We succeeded in proving CRP in the urine in a high percentage (67%) in transplants which never functioned and in a smaller extent (25%) during the postoperative renal failure. For the diagnostic ascertainment of the rejection crises as well as for the estimation of the effectiveness of the antirejection therapy with high doses of prednisolone the daily CRP serum control is a valuable contrivance. The judgement of the CRP-values should always be performed together with the other data received by laboratory investigations as well as also with the clinical data.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1986

[Serologic studies in patients with early transplant failure].

The appearance, specificity and dynamics of donor reactive antibodies have been studied in 9 patients who experienced early irreversible graft failure. In 5 out of 9 patients we were able to detect donor reactive antibodies. Their reaction patterns may be ascribed to a common responder type ("high responder"). Diagnostic and preventive possibilities for preventing early irreversible graft failures have been discussed.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1986

[In vitro sensitivity of T lymphocytes to theophylline in healthy adults and patients following cadaver kidney allotransplantation].

In the peripheral blood of healthy adults the number of theophylline-resistant T-lymphocytes (T-res) is 51 +/- 4% and 1,161 +/- 326/microliter, respectively, and the number of theophyllins-sensitive 11 +/- 2% and 252 +/- 95/microliters. The membrane markers show a heterogeneous distribution. The quotient from T-res/T-sens is 4.9 +/- 1.3. Within the T-sens 14% are CD4+ and 30% CD8+, 29% carry Fc-IgC and 34% Fc-IgM-receptors. Thus the T-res in their netto-function were helper cells and the T-sens suppressor/cytotox cells. Before the transplantation the preoperative ratio of the two subpopulation is significantly diminished (Q = 3.66 +/- 1.53), however, prognostic statements cannot be deduced from this. Activations of the immune system (rejection crises, cytomegalovirus infections) are accompanied by significant diminutions of the T-sens, whereby the T-res/T-sens-Quotient increases. Thus they are unequivocally included into immunoregulatory processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Prolongation of rat renal allograft survival time by donor pretreatment with 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet irradiation of the graft (PUVA therapy).

Pretreatment of the kidney donor with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and ex vivo longwave ultraviolet irradiation (UVA) of the kidney prolonged the subsequent survival on allogeneic recipients. The efficacy of this treatment seems to be dependent on the time and dose of UVA irradiation rather than on the dose of 8-MOP. In conclusion, PUVA treatment is effective in reducing the immunogenicity of the rat kidney allograft, although the mechanism remains unclear. These experimental findings are new and preliminary results in clinical human kidney transplantation are favourable.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[incidence of cytomegalovirus infections following transplantation of kidneys from seropositive and seronegative donors].

Serum samples of 110 recipients of kidney transplants and the 100 donors belonging to them taken before the transplantation were examined for complement-binding antibodies against cytomegaloviruses. A clear influence of the cytomegalovirus antibody state of donor and recipient on the cytomegalovirus infection appearing after transplantation, serologically ascertained by cytomegalovirus-IgM-antibody proof or seroconversion and fourfold increase of the titre in the complement-binding reaction, respectively, could be made evident. Cytomegalovirus negative recipients of kidneys of cytomegalovirus positive donors had significantly more infections than seronegative recipients of kidneys of seronegative donors (50% vs. 16%, p less than 0.05). According to the infection rate the seropositive recipients stand with about 30% between these two groups. It seems that in these recipients the serological state of the donors has no influence. These findings make evident that seronegative recipients receive the cytomegaloviruses essentially with the transplant, whereas the cytomegalovirus infections in seropositive recipients are endogenous cytomegalovirus reactivations caused by therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Frequency of infection with cytomegaloviruses (CMV) following kidney transplantation and initial experiences with CMV gamma globulin prevention].

In a retrospective study we investigated 364 patients who had received cadaveric kidney transplants between 1978 and 1984 as to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections using complement-fixation test and indirect immunofluorescent test (IgM, IgG). Before transplantation, 194/364 patients were seropositive and 170/364 were seronegative. After transplantation, seroconversion or an increase in titre (greater than or equal to 4 fold) was found in 26% of seropositive recipients and in 30% of seronegative recipients. In contrast to the secondary infections (approximately 40% asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic), the primary infections were regularly connected with a clinical symptomatology. As to the recipient's and donor's pre-transplant antibody status the highest infection rate (62%) was seen in the group of seronegative recipients of kidneys from seropositive donors. Preformed CMV antibodies seem to be useful in preventing severe CMV-diseases. Therefore, in April 1985 we started a randomized study in order to investigate the efficacy of an i.v. cytomegalovirus-immunoglobulin (CMV-Polyglobin/Cutter). There were no side effects. Already 4 h after infusion we were able to detect CMV-IgG-antibodies (IFT) in peripheral blood. This passive immunization, however, was not capable to prevent a CMV infection in each case; there were 5/8 seroconversions and 4/8 symptomatic CMV infections. Nevertheless, we think the application of CMV immunoglobulin has a beneficial effect.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1985

[Serologic diagnosis of primary cytomegalovirus infections in patients following kidney transplantation using the indirect immunofluorescence technic and the complement-fixation test].

Sera of 22 recipients of kidney transplants with clinically and serologically (complement binding reaction) ascertained cytomegalovirus infection were retrospectively examined for virus-specific antibodies of the class IgM by means of the indirect immunofluorescence test. Already two to five days after the appearance of the adequate clinical symptoms (leucopenia, fever, T-lymphocytopenia, increase of creatinine and thrombocytopenia) CMV-IgM-antibodies could be proved. On average a positive complement binding reaction was found only two weeks later. In other 13 patients of the actual control programme the CMV-IgM-antibody findings first obtained were compared with the results of the complement fixing reaction obtained later. Neither falsely positive nor falsely negative results could be found.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1984

C-reactive protein and clinical kidney transplantation.

50 patients were serially monitored for C-reactive protein (CRP) in serum after kidney transplantation. Compared with a control group the post-operative peak at days 1 and 3 was strongly depressed in the immunosuppressive-treated transplant group (p less than 0.01). In 29 out of 30 patients CRP concentration showed an average rise from 9.4 to 30.0 micrograms/ml between the 5th and 2nd day before onset of the rejection episodes (p less than 0.01). The dynamics of CRP concentration before, during and after prednisolone anti-rejection bolus therapy was considered in 22 cases. The first bolus led to a greater or smaller decrease in CRP concentration in almost all patients. After the second bolus treatment CRP dropped to zero already in more than half of the patients with reversible rejection episodes (p less than 0.01). In case of irreversible rejection crises CRP never reached zero.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Humoral immune response, concentration of selected serum proteins and transplant histology following allogeneic kidney transplantation in the rat].

After transplantation of (BD IX X Sprague-Dawley) F 1 kidneys into untreated BD IX rats (n = 29) the first signs of rejection occured on day 4. Mononuclear cells infiltrated the peritubular interstitium and/or the perivascular areas. The rise of blood urea on day 8 was histologically accompanied by injured tubules and spotted or confluent subcapsular necroses which showed extensive calcifications by day 10. At the same time donorspecific lymphocytotoxic antibodies were detected in peripheral blood. The graft survival in this strain combination ranged from 11 to 16 days. The serum levels of IgG, albumin and transferrin were reduced by 16%, 25% and 21% resp. in the 1st posttransplant week. In contrast, the serum level of alpha 2-macroglobulin rose on the 2nd postoperative day to an average of 800% above the mean. In connection with rejections only the alpha 2-macroglobulin showed changes of the serum level.

Animals↗