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J Kaden

Publications and source records attributed to J Kaden.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

[Fc IgG carrying T lymphocytes in healthy adults and patients following kidney transplantation].

In 28 healthy adults aged 19 to 52 years, normal values of the TG lymphocytes amount to 17.8 +/- 2.3% and 253.1 +/- 96.1 per microliters respectively and the non TG/TG ratio to 4.72 +/- 0.82. When compared with normal controls, patients on dialysis had a disturbed non TG/TG ratio (4.72 +/- 0.82 vs. 6.00 +/- 1.94, p less than 0.05). During the first posttransplant month the total TG cell count was significantly reduced, but the relative TG cell count did not significantly differ from the normal as well as praeoperative TG cell count. In connection with rejection crises we could not observe any changes in the TG subset. Beside this general dynamics we observed two different kinds of changes of the non TG/TG ratio in the individual posttransplant course. Either the non TG/TG ratio were lower than praetransplant or higher. In 9 out of 9 cases the lowering of the non TG/TG ratio (that means a relative or absolute increase of Fc-IgG receptor bearing T cells) were connected with a good graft function. In 4 out of 6 cases a postoperative increase of the non TG/TG ratio were connected with an early graft failure. A change of T subsets for the benefit of TG cells which includes suppressor cells seems to be favourable with regard to the graft survival. Therefore, we think the determination of the prae- and posttransplant non TG/TG ratio is of some prognostic value.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Effect of plasmapheresis treatment on immunoglobulin and immune complex levels in patients following kidney transplantation].

Five patients who received cadaver kidneys between May 1982 and January 1983 in the Kidney Transplant Centre in Berlin were subjected to two plasmapheresis (= pph.) treatments in addition to basic immunosuppression with Prednisolone and Azathioprine. The decision to use pph. was due to the presence of donor-specific, complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic antibodies (51Cr release test) in the recipient's serum taken immediately before transplantation. The 1st pph. was carried out on the 1st or 2nd day after operation and the 2nd pph. between the 2nd and 4th day. The quantity of plasma exchanged was between 1.6 and 3.1 1 per pph. Four of the five transplants commenced functioning after 12 to 47 days, and one transplant had to be removed. Frequent measurement of the immunoglobulin and immune-complex levels in the serum revealed drastic reduction due to pph. The concentration of immunoglobulin (G, A, M) was reduced by 42-55% after the 1st pph. and by 20-35% after the 2nd. Whereas the IgM level was normalized after a few days, the levels of IgG and IgA only rose again 2-4 weeks later. The immunodeficiency induced by means of pph. and immunosuppression is accompanied by an increased risk of infection. It is therefore considered important that an adequate anti-infectious treatment including i. v. human gammaglobulin be administered parallel to pph. The final evaluation of the efficacy of pph. in protecting transplants will depend on further studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (anti-T) antibody titer in kidney transplant recipients].

In 43 recipients of allogenic cadaver kidneys before and three times a week after transplantation to the discharge from the hospital care the antibody titre against the Thomsen-Friedenreich-antigen (Anti-T) was determined and the score value was calculated from the agglutination intensity. A prognostic significance of the value got before operation could not be found. No changes of the titre appeared under the influence of the postoperatively performed immunosuppression as well as in connection with rejection crises. In 9 patients with clinically manifest systemic infections (8 cytomegalovirus infections, 1 bacterial infection) unequivocal (greater than or equal to 8 fold) increases of the anti-T-titre could be proved. These findings speak for an infection-induced formation of these cross-reacting anti-T-antibodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Microvascular surgery in experimental and clinical kidney transplantation.

An improved microsurgical technique for orthotopic rat kidney transplantation is described in detail. (1) End-to-end anastomosis of renal arteries with 7-8 interrupted 10-0 sutures. (2) End-to-end anastomosis of renal veins with 2 continuous semicircular 10-0 sutures. (3) Non-splinted end-to-end ureteric anastomosis with 4 interrupted full-thickness 11-0 sutures. (4) Simultaneous bilateral nephrectomy. Seventy transplantations were analysed. No failure due to complications of the vascular anastomoses occurred. The ureteric anastomoses were complicated by stenosis in only 5 animals (7%). The operation times for vascular anastomoses were 20 (15-24) minutes and for complete transplantation 50 (45-60) minutes. This technique seems to be less time consuming than other methods. Our method has produced a success rate of 93% with well standardized and reproducible organ quality. Preliminary clinical experiences with extracorporeal microvascular reconstruction in 4 cases of injured small polar kidney allograft arteries support the continued application in appropriate situations to increase the number of suitable donor kidneys.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Primary cytomegalovirus infection as a risk factor following kidney transplantation].

Of 201 patients who received cadaver kidneys in the kidney transplant centre in Berlin between June 1978 and December 1981 114 (56.7%) already had complement-binding antibodies against cytomegaloviruses (CMV) before transplantation, 87 (43.3% were seronegative. After transplantation a recurring CMV infection was detected in 36/114 patients and a primary CMV infection in 27/87 patients (31.6% and 31.0% respectively). At dismissal from ward care these patients already had a significantly higher rate of transplant failure than those free of CMV infection. This negative effect of the infection was reinforced by the additional administration of a Prednisolone bolus for the treatment of the rejection crisis associated with CMV. At the same time immunological protection was further suppressed. Thus, in comparison with patients with primary CMV infection not treated with Prednisolone bolus, those with primary CMV infection and parallel treatment with a Prednisolone bolus had a higher rate of T-lymphocytopenia and a significantly delayed humoral immune response to CMV. Together with the usually present leukocytopenia, these findings explain the especially high risk of potentially fatal superinfections in this period. Diagnosis of CMV infection on the basis of clinical symptoms and haematological changes must be speedy. A therapy which is effective with regard to life (although symptomatic) comprises the temporary reduction of the azathioprine dose, the administration of antibiotics and the infusion of human gamma-globulin. It might be possible to avoid primary CMV infection, which presents a particularly great risk, by vaccination of the potential transplant recipient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Passive enhancement of allogeneic rat kidney transplants with antibodies against nylon-adhering splenic lymphocytes].

Male BD IX rats were intraperitoneally immunized with 6.35 X 10(6) nylon adherent spleen lymphocytes from male Sprague-Dawley rats (SD). The inbred strains used are different from each other at their major histocompatibility complex. Sensitized animals were exsanguinated 2, 4, 8 and 12 days after the primary injection. After the secondary injection on day 14 the animals were exsanguinated on day 21. The BD IX recipients of (BD IX X SD) F1 renal allograft were intravenously injected with 1 ml of the antisera immediately after completion of the transplant. Significant prolongation of survival time was already obtained with the 8-day-serum pool. The absorption of antiserum with packed SD red blood cells did not affect its enhancing activity. In vitro testing of antisera by 51Cr-release assay showed the highest titer of complement depending cytotoxicity 8 days after immunization. Whilst the cytotoxic activity against nonadherent spleen cells was completely lost after twice absorption with SD erythrocytes, the cytotoxic activity against adherent spleen cells was only slightly reduced. Thus it is likely that enhancing activity of alloantiserum is attributed to anti-Ia or anti-B-cell antibodies. These antibodies were detectable 4 to 8 days after immunization with low dose nylon adherent spleen cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Circulating immune complexes after cadaver kidney transplantation.

351 sera from 27 human recipients of renal allografts and 21 healthy blood donors were assayed for circulating immune complexes by the Clq solid-phase radioimmune assay. Increased Clq-binding activity (Clq-BA) was detected in pretransplant sera from 5 patients with chronic pyelonephritis (PN) and 3 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN). A significant decrease of Clq-BA immediately after transplantation could not be found. 6 weeks after transplantation only 2 patients of the PN group showed increased Clq-BA. Serial studies in 17 patients with rejection crises did not show any correlation between the level of serum Clq-BA and the occurrence of rejections. Furthermore, no correlation could be found between the occurrence of complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic antibodies measured by the 51Cr release technique and the level of serum Clq-BA. In contrast, our results show that the probability of graftectomy or graft failure is significantly higher, at least in the early phase after transplantation, when the serum Clq-BA is lowered for several weeks.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1980

[Antibody-dependent cell-mediated immune reactions--fundamentals and clinico-diagnostic relevance (author's transl)].

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is realized by means of humoral antibodies and unsensitized effector cells which interact with appropriate target structures inducing target cell destruction. Specificity of this immunological effector mechanism is mediated by immunoglobulins. Autologous, allogenic or xenogenic effector cells serve as efficient inductors of cell lysis. The in vivo relevance is still unclear. The present state of our knowledge has been surveyed and several samples are given showing the potential clinical importance of this immune mechanism in control of intracellular virus infections, bacterial and parasitological diseases, tumor and graft rejection, and autoimmune diseases. It has been attempted to interpret several apparently different immune phenomena (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, "spontaneous" or "natural" cell-mediated cytotoxicity, mitogen-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity and cytotoxic reactions of activated macrophages) under a common aspect.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Lymphocyturia following kidney transplantation].

Of 145 patients to whom was transferred a cadaver kidney in the Kidney Transplantation Centre Berlin from 1976 to 1978 we examined 4,638 fresh urines (on an average 32 urines per patient) for the existence of lymphocytes during the postoperative hospital stay. The following frequency distribution could be established: 3,377 tests without lymphocytes (72.8%), 1,093 tests with a slight-degree lymphocyturia (less than or equal to 10 lymphocytes/sediment, = 23.6%), 168 tests with a clear lymphocyturia (greater than 10 lymphocytes/sediment, = 3.6%). Here the appearance of a clear lymphocyturia could occasionally be proved at the beginning of rejection crises, in ruptures of the transplant, severe infections and transitory deteriorations of the transplant function, but also at the beginning of the function of the transplant and even at the moment of an undisturbed function of the transplant. According to these findings the determination of the lymphocyturia cannot be recommended for the rejection diagnostics.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1980

[Tissue typing and donor-recipient selection in dogs for experimental organ transplants].

About first results of a tissue typing for donor recipient selection in dog is reported on obtaining an optimum degree of histocompatibility. The modified NIH-test according to Brand and coworker was carried out. The sera for typing were prepared by means of artificial or natural immunisation. Serologic and genetic problems are discussed. Possibilities on perfection are shown for donor recipient selection in dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The effect of sexual hormones on skin graft survival, thymic morphology and serum levels of glycoproteins and albumin in mice.

Inbred mice of the B10LP strain were injected subcutaneously over a period of 28 days with chloromadinone acetate, mestranol, both hormones together, and the carrier alone. Treatment with the gestagen chloromadinone acetate alone or in combination with mestranol caused a significant prolongation of the H-2 different skin graft survival. This was not seen after mestranol treatment alone. All the hormone-treated mice developed characteristic cysts in the thymic medulla and changes in the concentration of some plasma proteins, e.g. a fall of albumin level and a simultaneous increase of glycoprotein level. Therefore, it is necessary to look for such side-effects in humans also to prevent or to notice early alterations of immunological surveillance.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Induction of lymphocytotoxic antibodies through transplantation of preserved allogeneic skin in mice].

The authors report investigations on inducing lymphocytotoxic antibodies by transplanting allogenic skin grafts in mice after different kinds of preservation. Immunogenic effect was found at the following test conditions: storage of the graft for 4 weeks at -196 degrees C without cryoprotection, storage for 1 day at -38 degrees C, and storage at room temperature after lyophilization immediately after removal. No immunogenity was found after storage for 3 weeks at -38 degrees C, and uncertain immunogenity after storage for 4 weeks in 4 per cent formaldehyde solution. Sometimes the average strength of the microcyte toxin test was lowered around the 7th to 9th day after transplantation. That is interpreted as sign of adsorption of circulating antibodies to the graft. The authors point at the coincidence of these findings and the rejection of primary grafts, and at the potential causal relations between both phenomena.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Pregnancy-associated increase of sialoglycoprotein level in serum of normal inbred mice.

The dynamics of the level of a fast migrating sialoglycoprotein (SGP) was studied in mice during pregnancy and the period of intensive nursing. A significant increase of the SGP concentration was established at the beginning of the third trimester only. Two days before delivery the SGP level declines markedly. Maximum values were attained shortly post partum. A relatively high SGP level is maintained for about 12 days post partum coinciding with the period of intensive nursing. Control values were attained at latest 18 days post partum.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Morphological and enzyme-histochemical changes of the mouse thymus after hydrocortisone.

This study was designed to determine the effect of hydrocortisone on morphology and enzyme-histochemistry of the thymus, on the peripheral blood cell picture, and on skin graft survival time in mice. In addition to the prolongation of survival of skin grafts, to a dose-dependent lymphopenia, and to an increase in the number of circulating neutrophil granulocytes, we found morphologically enlarged epithelial reticular cells with large cytoplasmic vacuoles, which often formed cyst-like structures. Because of their broad enzyme activity it may well be that these epithelial cell derived cysts regulate by means of humoral factor(s) the repopulation of the thymic cortex. In addition semithin sections clearly showed that the polymorphonuclear-like cells in the thymic cortex are altered lymphocytes with fragmented nuclei.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

On the behaviour of murine lymphocytes after in vitro treatment with acid mucoproteins from human serum.

Seromucoproteins from human serum were isolated by perchloric acid extraction followed by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography. The in vitro pretreatment of spleen leukocytes with this fraction caused a dose-dependent inhibition of graft-versus-host reaction as well as an increase of their electrophoretic mobility, the viability being maintained. On contrary, the pretreatment of mice (prospective spleen cell donors of recipients of sheep red blood cells) with human seromucoproteins had no effect on the gvh-reaction as well as on the agglutinin formation to sheep red blood cells under the given conditions. It is supposed that the suppressive effect after in vitro pretreatment may be attributed to a coating effect of seromucoproteins. The fact that spleen cells pretreated in vitro with seromucoproteins are lysed in presence of complement and antiseromucoprotein antiserum supports our opinion. These findings as well as data from the literature support the hypothesis that local concentrated mucoproteins in the skin graft bed in cases of protractedly surviving skin grafts, in the placenta, and on neoplastic tissues can influence unspecifically the immune response. We hope that the understanding of this mechanism may open new possibilities in prolonging allograft survival time.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Studies on the antigenicity of variously preserved skin].

The authors have investigated a model of second-set-rejection after allo-transplantation of chemically preserved skin by different methods. The relative increase of weight of regional lymph nodes as well as the production of lymphocytotoxic antibodies served as additioned indicators of senzitation. All regimes of preservation used in this model of second-set-rejection have been responsable for a decrease in antigenity. The results are discussed with regard to recent publications.

Animals↗