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J L Avril

Publications and source records attributed to J L Avril.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[In vitro effect of antibiotics against hospital strains of Acinetobacter baumanii].

A total of 142 Acinetobacter baumanii strains isolated from hospital patients were biotyped according to the scheme of Bouvet and Grimont. Most of the strains belonged to biotype 9 and were highly resistant to antibiotics including cephalosporins and amikacin. Imipenem and ticarcillin were the only drugs having a bactericidal activity against A. baumanii. The combination imipenem-netilmicin and ticarcillin-netilmicin were more rapidly bactericidal than imipenem or ticarcillin alone. No resistant strain to imipenem was isolated.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1988

[Action of imipenem on Enterobacter cloacae].

Most of Enterobacter cloacae strains produce chromosomally determined class I beta-lactamases when they are exposed to beta-lactams. Imipenem is a strong inducer of these enzymes but is poorly affected by them. We compared the effect of imipenem on inducible, non-inducible and stably derepressed strains of E. cloacae using the killing curve system. With antibiotic concentrations of 0.5 mg/l or more, an intense dose-dependent bactericidal effect was observed within 4 to 6 hours. However the bactericidal activity was incomplete. With an inoculum as low as 10(5) bacteria/ml a regrowth was observed after 24 hours. Among the surviving bacteria imipenem had the same bactericidal kinetic than on the parental strain. Similar results were observed with inducible, non-inducible and stably derepressed strains.

Cefotaxime↗
PubMed1988

[Infections and utilization of antibiotics in the hospital, results from a prevalence survey in 1986].

To estimate the rate of infectious diseases and the efficiency of medical care in our hospital, we conducted a prevalence survey of both infections and antibiotic use on 588 inpatients. Results showed that 125 patients (21% of the total) had infections; of these, 56 had nosocomial infections. A third of the patients had been receiving antimicrobial drugs; among them, 30% were receiving the drugs for prophylactic reasons. A misuse in the prophylaxis of infections was determined, particularly in the duration of treatment. The study demonstrated that an effective infection-control program and an antibiotic policy are required in our hospital.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Influence of vancomycin by venous route on salivary and fecal aerobic floras].

An IV vancomycin treatment induces a reduction of Gram positive cocci (Staphylococcus, Enterococcus) of the aerobic salivary and fecal flora. Some of these strains persisted during and after treatment, but remained susceptible to vancomycin. Others isolated Gram positive cocci were resistant to vancomycin before and after treatment. They were identified as Pediococcus sp., and Leuconostoc sp. There is a reduction of the number of Gram positive cocci, without increase of Gram negative rods, Lactobacillus, or Candida which are always resistant to vancomycin.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1987

[Characterization of Pasteurella species isolated from man].

Fifty-four clinical isolates of Pasteurella are classified into different taxa. P. multocida subsp.multocida is more frequently encountered than other subspecies of P. multocida. P. canis is only identified from wounds inflicted by animals. The frequency of isolation of different species and subspecies is comparable with that observed from animal isolates. The distribution of the strains in the capsular types is different according to the origin, human or animal, of the strains.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[Streptococcus faecalis: sensitivity to quinolones, penicillins and aminoglycosides alone or in combination].

Isolates of Streptococcus faecalis are moderately susceptible to quinolones, penicillins and aminoglycosides used alone. Penicillin-aminoglycosides synergism is not observed against aminoglycosides high-level resistant strains. The combination of an aminoglycoside plus a quinolone was synergistic against susceptible strains of S. faecalis but not against aminoglycosides high-level resistant strains. No antagonistic effect of quinolones plus aminoglycosides or plus penicillin was observed.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1986

[Identification and rapid determination of the antibiotic resistance of enterobacteria with the automated ABAC identibiogram].

Rapid identification and antimicrobial testing of Enterobacteriaceae by an automated system, the ABAC-Identibiogramme. The system was directly inoculated with a dilution of positive blood culture broths. The results were compared with those of API 20E and the disk method for antibiogram. The ratios of agreement of 94.5% for identification and of 93.4% for antimicrobial testing demonstrate a good accuracy of the ABAC-Identibiogramme.

Automation↗
PubMed1984

[Bacteriostatic activity of apalcillin on Gram-negative bacilli and strict anaerobic bacteria. Multicenter study].

This work reports a multicenter study of the bacteriostatic activity of apalcillin, a new N-acyl-penicillin, against 1 827 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli and obligate anaerobes. The modal minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for susceptible strains are (mg/l) : Salmonella-Shigella : 1 ; E. coli : 0.5-2 ; Klebsiella : 4 ; Citrobacter : 1-2 ; Enterobacter : 2 ; Serratia : 8 ; Proteus-Providencia : 1 ; Acinetobacter : 1-4 ; P. aeruginosa : 2 ; H. influenzae : 0.06 ; C. perfringens : 0.03-01 ; Peptococcus : 0.2 ; B. fragilis : 16. Against Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter, apalcillin is as active as mezlocillin and piperacillin, and much more than carbenicillin. Against P. aeruginosa, apalcillin is the most active penicillin : 2 to 16 fold more active than azlocillin and piperacillin, and 2 to 128 fold more active than ticarcillin. Against H. influenzae, C. perfringens and Peptococcus, apalcillin has MICs similar to those of other N-acyl penicillins, and inferior to those of carboxypenicillins . Apalcillin, as other penicillins, is poorly active against B. fragilis.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1984

[Human salmonellosis in Ille-et-Vilaine in 1983].

224 salmonella strains from human beings, collected by the public and private laboratories of Ille-et-Vilaine during 1983, were serotyped and tested for their susceptibility to antibiotics. Salmonella typhimurium infections were the most frequent, while the other serotypes constituted a small number of strains, generally susceptible to antibiotics. No outbreak due to a multi-resistant serotype was observed. S. typhi and S. paratyphi B represent 6,25% of the strains isolated in this area during the year. Only 22% of the 224 strains collected were resistant to one or more antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to beta-lactam antibiotics and effects of beta-lactamases].

The activities of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, cefsulodin, ceftriaxone, azlocillin, ceftazidime and apalcillin were evaluated against 128 hospital isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Against the 85 isolates that were susceptible to carbenicillin, apalcillin had the best minimal inhibitory concentrations, the median MIC being 1, 1 microgram/ml. Against the 43 isolates resistant to carbenicillin, ceftazidime inhibited 90% of organisms at a concentration of 16 micrograms/ml. A constitutive beta-lactamase, was found in 27 of the 43 resistant isolates. All the 128 isolates, but one, were producers of an inducers of an inducible beta-lactamase. Ceftriaxone, piperacillin and azlocillin were highly antagonized by cefoxitin. The extent of antagonism was lower with ticarcillin and carbenicillin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Activity of amoxicillin and ampicillin against infection with Salmonella typhimurium in mice ].

Experimental mouse intraperitoneal or intragastric infection due to Salmonella typhimurium C5 was treated with subcutaneous amoxicillin or ampicillin. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the two penicillins were similar. Amoxicillin was significantly more effective than ampicillin in protecting the animals from the lethal effects of the infection. The enumeration of bacteria from spleen and Peyer's patches of the small intestine showed that amoxicillin killed S. typhimurium faster than ampicillin.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1981

[Quantitative study of the faecal flora of breast- or bottle-fed neonates (author's transl)].

A blind qualitative and quantitative study of the aerobic and anaerobic faecal flora of two groups of newborn babies was carried out. One group of babies was breast-fed, while the second group was bottle-fed. In both cases the first established bacterial flora was essentially made of Escherichia coli and group D Streptococci (S. faecalis or S. bovis). On the sixth day of life a difference between he bacterial flora of the two groups was noticed, Bifidobacterium spp. was more frequently observed in the breast-fed babies. However the number of Bifidobacterium was lower than the dominant flora.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1979

Effect of antibiotics on mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A study of the susceptibility to 18 antibiotics has been performed on 47 mucoid strains comparatively to 71 fried-egg strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determinated by agar dilution method. On the whole, the mucoid strains were more sensitive to antibiotics than the fried-egg strains. The more effective antibiotics were carbenicillins, aminosids, colistin and tetracyclines. However, this drug susceptibility of mucoid strains were heterogeneous. The results of a statistical analysis demonstrated that the strains of P. aeruginosa were distributed into two classes: a first class clustered very sensitive strains to most antibiotics and a second class clustered more resistant strains. The mucoid strains were included almost equally into the two classes (respectively 45% and 55%). The fried-egg strains were more homogeneous, since 89% of these strains were in the resistant class. The antibiotics which distinguished the best between the two classes were: tobramycin, netilmicin, amikacin, colistin and tetracyclines. A study of the phenotypes and associations of resistances has been equally performed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Bacteriological aspects in the diagnosis and treatment of endocarditis (author's transl)].

The role of the laboratory is capital in ensuring the diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis. At the present time, the circumstance surrounding the onset of endocarditis have become broadened. The bacteria responsible may belong to various species, certain requiring the use of special techniques in their culture. If blood cultures are performed under suitable conditions, they should lead to isolation of the organism in more than 90 per cent of cases of endocarditis. Precise identification of the pathogenic organism forms the basis for rational antibiotic therapy. The bactericidal activity of treatment must nevertheless be confirmed in vitro, firstly by study of the reaction of the strain to antibiotics, and secondly by study of the bactericidal activity of the serum.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗