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Biomedical subjects

J L Avril

Publications and source records attributed to J L Avril.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Quantitative study of bacterial flora in operating room air].

A comparative study of two air-bacteria counting machines, MK II (Casella, London) and R.B. (Joubert, Lyon) was carried out. Pre-operation air samples from operating rooms were drawn by the two machines working simultaneously. The results from the two machines are similar, however the RB machine is more sensitive of the two machines. Moreover, an old operating room without filtrated air had a significantly higher air bacteria contamination (m = 199 +/- 173 bacteria/m3) than a new one with filtrated air (m = 40 +/- 36 bacteria/m3). Samples from laminar air flow (m = 1,3 +/- 1,5 bacteria/m3) were examined as test studies. Working methods and results of air bacteria counts are studied.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1978

[Quantitative study of the bacterial flora of air in operating theatres (author's transl)].

A comparative study of two air-bacteria counting machines, MK II (Casella, London) and R.B. (Joubert, Lyon) was carried out. Pre-operation air samples from operating rooms were drawn by the two machines working simultaneously. The results from the two machines are similar, however the RB machine is the more sensitive of the two machines. Moreover, an old operating room without filtrated air had a significantly higher air bacteria contamination (m = 199 +/- 173 bacteria/m3) than a new one with filtrated air (m = 40 +/- 36 bacteria/m3). Samples from laminar air flow (m = 1,3 +/- 1,5 bacteria/m3) were examined as test studies. Working methods and results of air bacteria counts are studied.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Results of two methods for testing bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics: disk method and a new semi-automatic method in liquid medium (ABACR procedure) and comparison with the minimal inhibitory concentration (author's transl)].

A performance analysis was established between three methods for testing of bacterial susceptibility to sixteen antibiotics: agar dilution or minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) method, agar diffusion or DISK method, and semi-automatic dilution in liquid medium or ABACR method. Precision of the three methods was determined using three reference strains in repetition experiments (9 repetitions for MIC, 60 repetitions for both DISK and ABAC). The results show that MIC method was the most precise, and that the precision of DISK and ABAC methods was not sifnificantly different. Fidelity of both DISK and ABAC methods was compared in taking as reference the MIC of 200 wild strains of Gram-negative bacteria. Omitting the data concerning trimethoprim-sulfamethozoaxol, the results were found concordant between DISK and MIC methods in 68.6 percent of the cases, between ABAC and MIC methods in 73.6 percent, and between ABAC and DISK methods in 68.9 percent. With regard to MIC, ABAC method gave results slightly better than those of DISK method, especially for five antibiotics: gentamicin, minocyclin, doxycylin, chloramphenicol and polymyxin B. So, the ABAC method looks very interesting for a semi-automatic routine method in testing bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

["In vitro" activity of a new cephalosporin (CGP-7174-E or cefsulodin) against "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" (author's transl)].

The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of four betalactamins (carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin and (CGP-7174-E) against 109 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined by an agar dilution method. CGP-7174-E was the most active (MIC 3.4 micrograms/ml), followed in descending order by piperacillin (MIC 4.9 micrograms/ml), ticarcillin (MIC 22 micrograms/ml) and carbenicillin (MIC 36 microgram/ml). High correlation was found between the MIC of these betalactamins (r greater than 0.60). In 12 strains where MIC for carbenicillin was greater than or equal to 1,024 microgram/ml, MIC for CGP-7174-E was less than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml and less than 16 micrograms/ml in four strains.

Carbenicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adherence of enteropathogenic "Escherichia coli" to mononuclear cells from human blood (author's transl)].

Two toxigenic strains of Escherichia coli possessing a colonization factor antigen (CFA) respectively CFA/I and CFA/II, were studied for adherence to mononuclear cells from human blood of 12 subjects. Significant differences were observed between these two strains in their ability to adhere, using as control strains their laboratory-passed derivatives which no longer possess CFA. Differences were observed in bacterial adhesion ability of mononuclear cells from different subjects but, in the whole, CFA+ bacteria were able to adhere to few cells from each subject only. These results are in opposition to the hypothesis that it is conceivable that histocompatibility antigens expressed on cells play a role in the attachment of bacteria as the first step in an infection.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Independence of plasmids harboured in the "Escherichia coli" of patients in hospital without antibiotics (author's transl)].

A study has been carried out of the faeces of nine patients in the same surgical ward. Viable counts and detection of drug resistance were effected by a replica plating method. Bacteria harbouring the drug resistance pattern (ST) were found in seven faeces. Among them, five R plasmids (ST) were transferred to Escherichia coli K12 and have been differentiated by incompatibility studies. As they didn't belong to the same incompatibility group it was concluded that they were not the same incompatibility group it was concluded that they were not the same plasmid acquired in the hospital. One of these R plasmids (ST) was unclassifiable into a known incompatibility group. So, a new incompatibility group, group 12, is proposed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation of Escherichia vulneris in drinking water].

Over a 2-year period, we performed 33 bacteriological controls of drinking water supplied by refrigerated fountains located in a nursing home. Amongst 24 strains of gram-negative bacilli isolated from 16 samples. 10 were identified as belonging to the species Escherichia vulneris. Viable bacterial counts were always less than 10 ufc/100 ml. During the same period no clinical isolate of E. vulneris was recovered from the nursing home. The signification of E. vulneris in drinking water is unknown. However, considering that E. vulneris has been implicated as cause of various infections, its presence in potable water supply systems would seem to be a potential risk factor for severely immunocompromised patients.

Escherichia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[R plasmids incompatibility groups in epidemic Salmonella (author's transl)].

The susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of 410 strains belonging to six serotypes of epidemic Salmonella (S. wien, S. saint-paul, S. panama, S. heidelberg, S. isangi and S. brandenburg) was studied. Resistance to one or more antibiotics was shown for 228 of these strains. Study of resistance transfer was investigated for 25 multiresistant strains of different epidemic origin. Resistance was coded for by conjugative R plasmids except in the case of S. brandenburg. From 20 strains of Salmonella, 39 plasmids were transferred to E. coli K12. Twenty-nine of these plasmids were classified into 7 incompatibility groups: IncFI, FII, I1, I2, N, C, M. These same groups were also found for 84 R plasmids from different enterobacteria. The "epidemic character" of these Salmonella serotypes does not seem to be associated with carriage of any particular R plasmid.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗