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Biomedical subjects

J L Menezo

Publications and source records attributed to J L Menezo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Intravitreal foscarnet for cytomegalovirus retinitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

We treated a patient who had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus retinitis of the left eye. After anesthetic had been topically administered, the patient received intravitreal injections of 1,200 micrograms of foscarnet. Plasma and vitreous foscarnet levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Systemic absorption of the drug was not evident. Elimination half-life from the vitreous after one injection was 54.0 hours. Vitreous levels remained above the mean 50% inhibition value for cytomegalovirus for approximately 56 hours and above the mean inhibition value for human immunodeficiency virus for approximately 241 hours. The patient's visual acuity improved from 20/30 to 20/25 in the left eye. Ophthalmoscopy showed the retinal lesion to have become inactive, and no reactivation occurred during the follow-up period of more than four months. The drug was well tolerated and no retinal toxicity was evident. We suggest an induction treatment regimen of two injections weekly for three weeks, followed by a maintenance treatment regimen of one injection weekly.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Effect of heparin surface modification of polymethylmethacrylate intraocular lenses on signs of postoperative inflammation after extracapsular cataract extraction. One-year results of a double-masked multicenter study.

PURPOSE: A heparin surface modified posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) was compared with a conventional polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) IOL regarding postoperative complications caused by inflammation. METHODS: Five hundred twenty-four patients from 10 different centers were included in a parallel group, double-masked, multicenter study. RESULTS: The cumulative number of patients with inflammatory cellular deposits on their IOLs during the first postoperative year differed significantly in favor of the heparin surface modified group, with 29.8% of the patients having cellular deposits compared with 48.8% of patients in the control group. Cellular deposits were observed most frequently at 3 months after surgery, and the difference between the groups was most pronounced and statistically significant at this time. The same results were seen at 1 year, but the difference was not significant. The number of cellular deposits per patient, however, was significantly lower in the heparin surface modified group at 1 year. Cumulatively, there were significantly more patients with posterior synechiae in the PMMA group than in the heparin surface modified group during the 1-year follow-up. Complications were few and comparable between the groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that heparin surface modification reduces the inflammatory response to PMMA IOLs.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Disseminated Scedosporium inflatum infection in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia.

A case of disseminated Scedosporium inflatum infection occurring in a neutropenic patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia is reported. Scedosporium inflatum was isolated from skin lesions, blood, urine and vitreous cultures. Amphotericin B treatment was ineffective in avoiding hematogenous spread. At autopsy, hyphae and ovoid conidia with truncate bases consistent with the morphology of Scedosporium inflatum were found in the lungs, kidneys, myocardium, liver, thyroid, spleen, lymph nodes, brain and the left eye. This is the first report of disseminated Scedosporium inflatum infection and the first time this organism has been isolated from a patient in Europe.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Cyclosporin A treatment of Behçet's disease: a long-term study.

Fourteen patients with Behçet's disease and bilateral eye involvement were treated for periods of between 30 and 38 months with low doses (5 mg/kg/day) of cyclosporin A (CyA). In patients who responded well, this dose was reduced to a maintenance dose of 2 mg/kg/day. There was a good response to treatment in 86% of patients, with complete disappearance of ocular attacks in 43% and a reduction in frequency and severity of attacks in a further 43%. Only one patient suffered a deterioration in visual acuity (0.2 in one eye) during treatment. The visual acuity of all the other patients (93%) either remained the same or improved. Attacks of buccal and genital aphthous ulceration were also less severe and less frequent during treatment with CyA, although they were proportionally more frequent than ocular attacks. The main side effects were a dose-dependent and reversible biochemical renal toxicity in 28% of patients, gingival inflammation in 14% of patients, and systemic arterial hypertension in 7% of patients. Hirsutism was observed in 100% of the female patients. We conclude that low doses of CyA administered over a long period of time constitute an effective therapeutic alternative that helps prevent evolution towards blindness in Behçet's disease, although it has the disadvantage as compared with chlorambucil that it does not inactivate the disease. The anti-inflammatory effect is therefore dose-dependent and persists only for as long as the drug is being administered.

Behcet Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Penetration of 2% cyclosporin eyedrops into human aqueous humour.

The penetration into the eye and the systemic absorption of 2% cyclosporin eye drops were determined by polarisation immunofluorescent assay of cyclosporin in the aqueous humour and plasma of 30 patients at the time of cataract surgery. The results were then compared with the corresponding results after oral administration at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day to three further patients. The maximum intraocular concentration (24 (SD 9) mg/l) was achieved four hours after topical administration. This level was slightly less than that found in aqueous humour (28 (SD 10) mg/l) 12 hours after systemic administration of the drug at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day. Both these levels are below the minimum therapeutic level (50-100 mg/l). Topical application of cyclosporin A did not produce detectable levels in plasma at any time. These results indicate that the efficacy of cyclosporin A in the control of intraocular inflammation is attributable to its systemic immunoregulatory effect rather than to the local ocular effect.

Absorption↗
PubMed1988

Extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a low power lens for high myopia.

A comparative study of two groups of patients with cataracts and high myopia was made. The percentage of patients with a visual acuity equal to or better than 20/40 (P less than .01) and normocorrections +/- 1 diopter (P less than .01) was significantly greater in the group with extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation.

Cataract↗
PubMed1988

[Angiography by the oral route using enteric-coated capsules].

We have performed Retinal Fluorescein Angiograms in three groups of patients who had been previously administered, respectively: intravenous sodium fluorescein, hard gelatin-coated fluorescein oral capsules, and enteric-coated fluorescein capsules. In all groups, we carried out a curve of the dye plasma levels. We concluded that the enteric-coated fluorescein capsules provide effective dye plasma levels for the performance of the angiogram between 40 and 60 minutes later, thus obtaining great sharpness and quality retinal images, much better than those attained with the hard gelatin-coated fluorescein capsules.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Tuberculous panophthalmitis associated with drug abuse.

Tuberculous endophthalmitis is a rare condition not described to date in association with intravenous drug abuse. Characteristics such as the lack of proven tuberculous disease in other organs and intense progression towards panophthalmitis make this case all the more interesting. The histopathological diagnosis is based on the identification of acid-alcohol resistant bacilli, and typical granuloma lesions with focal caseosis in stained sections.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Rotational autograft, reconstruction of the anterior segment, and intraocular lens implantation.

Six patients were affected by extensive central corneal scars and disruption of the anterior segment. Reconstruction of the anterior segment, synechialysis, membranectomy, and vitrectomy were performed as first-step procedures. Rotational autografts combined with either anterior or posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were then performed. The results in this series of severely traumatized eyes were satisfactory with a follow-up of three years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Managing dense retropseudosphakos membranes with a pars plana vitrectomy.

Formation of thick and occasionally dense retropseudophakos membranes and rapid fibrosis of the posterior capsule is a complication that adversely affects the outcome of intraocular lens implantation. We have observed this condition in 17 patients, most of whom presented with traumatic and congenital cataracts. It appears to occur more frequently in young individuals and children. Simple capsulotomy, by the limbal approach or with the YAG laser, does not reliably eliminate the membranes. We have used vitrectomy and scissors dissection through the pars plana to achieve good anatomical results. Postoperative visual acuity has been satisfactory, except in amblyopic eyes related to congenital cataracts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Complications of intraocular lenses in children.

Complications in a group of 91 children with congenital and traumatic cataracts in whom intraocular lenses (IOL) have been implanted have been studied. The influence of viscoelastic substances (Healon) in the prevention and treatment of some of these complications, and as a causal factor in others, is presented. Ten different styles of lenses were implanted allowing a comparison of the relationship between the type of lens fixation and the complications observed.

Adolescent↗