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Biomedical subjects

J L Wu

Publications and source records attributed to J L Wu.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Yeast carriage on hands of hospital personnel working in intensive care units.

The frequency and distribution of yeast carriage on the hands of hospital personnel working in intensive care unit (ICUs), was investigated. Hand carriage of yeast and Candida species was 46 and 29%, respectively. Rhodotorula sp. and Candida parapsilosis were most frequently recovered. There was no significant difference in frequency or distribution of yeasts and Candida sp. recovered among the three ICUs. Seventeen C. parapsilosis isolates and three Candida albicans isolates were genotyped by electrophoretic karyotyping using contour-clamped homogenous electric-field gel electrophoresis. Eleven separate types of C. parapsilosis and two types of C. albicans were identified. There was no common genotype among these isolates, even within the same unit. We conclude that yeast carriage on the hands of personnel working in ICU is common, but these yeasts are usually not acquired from a common source in the ICU.

Candida↗
PubMed1998

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Campylobacter jejuni and coli by using E-test in Taiwan.

To report the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Campylobacter species, we determined the MICs of 6 antibiotics by E-test for 93 human clinical strains and 35 chicken strains. The 6 antimicrobial agents tested were gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. Isolates from humans were significantly more susceptible than chicken strains to erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin. Nearly all of the human and chicken strains were susceptible to gentamicin. Among human isolates of C. jejuni, cross-resistance between nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was found in 66% of the strains, but none of the nalidixic acid-susceptible strains was resistant to ciprofloxacin. The higher prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance in this area may be attributable to the large amount use of quinolones in poultry. Because of the high resistance rates of chicken isolates to the commonly used antimicrobial agents, it is necessary to create innovative methods to limit the inappropriate use of antibiotics in poultry in order to prevent the spread of the drug-resistant strains to humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Isolation and characterization of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) insulin-like growth factors gene and proximal promoter region.

To understand the molecular mechanism which controls the transcription of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) gene, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA for the proximal promoter region of the tilapia IGFs gene and have characterized its activity by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) transient transfected expression assays. Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) IGF-I cDNA (549 bp) was amplified by PCR from single-stranded cDNA of growth hormone (GH)-induced liver RNA using a pair of oligonucleotides specific for fish IGF-I as amplification primers. Tilapia IGF-I and IGF-II 5' termini were analyzed by rapid amplification of cDNA 5' ends (5'RACE). Analysis of the 5'RACE results revealed two transcription start sites in IGF-I and one transcription start site in IGF-II. Different fragments of the 5' flanking region were transfected into human lung adenocarcinoma cells. In the cell line, maximum promoter activity was located in the distal 657 basepairs of the IGF-I 5' flanking region and in the distal 450 basepairs of the IGF-II 5' flanking region. The in vivo actions of the IGFs promoter on developmental stage expression were investigated further in transgenic zebrafish in which an IGFs promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding the cDNA transgene was microinjected into embryos. Morphologic and RT-PCR studies of the transgenic zebrafish indicated that IGF-I promoter-driven GFP transcripts appeared for the first time in the 1-K-cell stage and the IGF-II promoter-driven GFP transcripts appeared for the first time in the 32-cell stage. Fluorescent (GFP) distribution was apparent within 48 h in IGF-II-transgenic zebrafish embryos, especially in eye, muscle, corpuscle, floor plate, horizontal myoseptum, yolk sac extension, and yolk sac. These results indicate that the IGF-I and IGF-II promoters are active in tissue and in a development-specific manner. Our findings also indicate that the IGF-II promoter influences the growth of fish embryos earlier than does IGF-I, and IGF-II has higher levels of expression than does IGF-I. These results suggest that the IGF-II promoter plays a growth factor role in teleost embryo development.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

Association of fungal colonization and invasive disease in very low birth weight infants.

BACKGROUND: Fungi are common pathogens of nosocomial infections in the very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fungal colonization rate in VLBW infants and the association between fungal colonization and systemic fungal diseases. MATERIALS: Between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 1996, 116 infants with birth weight < 1500 g admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Chang Gung Children's Hospital in the first day of life were included in this prospective study. METHODS: Cultures from oropharynx, rectum, skin (groin and axilla), bag urine and endotracheal aspirates were obtained in the first 24 h after birth and weekly thereafter throughout their neonatal intensive care unit stay. Medical records were reviewed weekly. RESULTS: Fungal colonization was detected in 25 infants, among whom 17 infants developed colonization by 2 weeks of life. Candida albicans (61%) and Candida parapsilosis (29%) were the 2 most common organisms. The rectum (76%) was the most frequent site of colonization. Factors significantly associated with colonization were prolonged administration of antibiotic therapy, parenteral nutrition and intralipid emulsion. Three of 116 infants developed fungemia. The association between colonization and subsequent fungemia was demonstrated in 1 infant, representing 4% of colonized infants. CONCLUSION: Fungal colonization was detected in one-fifth of VLBW infants and represents a risk factor for fungemia. Because disease occurred in the absence of apparent colonization, factors other than colonization may contribute to invasive candidiasis.

Candida↗
PubMed1998

Hypothermia predisposing to Pseudomonas putida sepsis in a child with panhypopituitarism.

A 14-year-old boy presented with a 1-week history of hypothermia and obtundation. His medical history included surgical resection of craniopharyngioma with postoperative visual impairment and panhypopituitarism. The patient's rectal temperature remained persistently lower than 35 degrees C during the first 3 days of hospitalization. His blood pressure was 90/56 mmHg on admission. The peripheral blood leukocyte count was 2.7 x 10(10)/L with 18% neutrophils, 19% band forms, 44% metamyelocytes, 3% myelocytes, and 16% lymphocytes. The C-reactive protein concentration was 133.9 mg/L. Two separate blood cultures both yielded Pseudomonas putida. The patient was treated with amikacin and ceftazidime along with aggressive fluid therapy. Replacement therapy directed at his hormonal deficiencies was initiated as soon as his hemodynamic status was stabilized. The patient responded well to therapy with a gradual rise in body temperature and improvement in general activity. A growth experiment carried out on the P. putida isolate showed that the bacteria grew more rapidly at 30 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. The clinical course of the patient, as well as the results of the laboratory study, suggest that hypothermia may predispose human infection with P. putida.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Troponin T and Ca2+ dependence of the distance between Cys48 and Cys133 of troponin I in the ternary troponin complex and reconstituted thin filaments.

Contraction of vertebrate striated muscle is regulated by the interaction of Ca2+ with the heterotrimeric protein troponin (Tn), composed of troponin-C (TnC), troponin-I (TnI), and troponin-T (TnT). Although much is known about the Ca2+-induced conformational changes in TnC, the Ca2+-binding subunit of Tn, little is known about how TnI, the inhibitory subunit, responds to the binding of Ca2+ to TnC. In this work, we used resonance energy transfer to measure the distance between probes attached at Cys48 and Cys133 in the N- and C-terminal domains, respectively, of TnI. A mutant rabbit skeletal TnI, TnI48/133 (C64S), was constructed by converting Cys64 into Ser. The remaining two thiols at Cys48 and Cys133 were labeled with the fluorescent donor 1,5-IAEDANS, and the nonfluorescent acceptor, DAB-Mal. We found an interprobe distance of approximately 41 A for both uncomplexed TnI and TnI in the binary complex with TnC. This distance increased to 51 A in the ternary Tn complex with TnT. These distances did not change significantly on binding of Ca2+ to TnC. In the reconstituted thin filament, this distance remained to be 50 A in the presence of saturating Ca2+, but increased to approximately 66 A on removing Ca2+ with EGTA in the presence of Mg2+. Our results indicate firstly that while TnC has only small effects on the global conformation of TnI, the presence of TnT in the ternary Tn complex gives rise to an apparent elongation of TnI. Secondly, whereas there is no detectable Ca2+-dependent change in the global conformation of TnI in the Tn complex free in solution, the removal of Ca2+ caused a substantial separation of the N- and C-terminal TnI regions in the reconstituted thin filament, owing to the interaction between the C-terminal region of TnI and actin in the relaxed state.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1997

Production of biologically active recombinant tilapia insulin-like growth factor-II polypeptides in Escherichia coli cells and characterization of the genomic structure of the coding region.

Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) is a fetal growth factor in humans, but has not been clearly identified in fish up to now. For a detailed understanding of the physiological response of fish IGF-II, the first step was to clone tilapia IGF-II cDNA from the brain cDNA library, coding the region of genomic DNA, and also expressing tilapia IGF-II polypeptides from Escherichia coli. Tilapia cDNA sequences total 1,977 bp, and predicted nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of tilapia share 77.9% and 90.7% homology identity with rainbow trout IGF-II, respectively. The genomic structure of the tilapia prepro-IGF-II coding region is very difficult to sequence in mammals and birds. The cloned tilapia IGF-II gene coding region appears much more complex than in other vertebrates. In tilapia IGF-II, the first coding exon I encoding part of the signal peptide sequence is 25 amino acids shorter than the first coding exon of mammals and birds. The other 23 amino acids of the signal peptide, and the first amino acids of the B domain and C domain are encoded by tilapia coding exon 2. The C, A, and D domains, and the first 20 amino acids of the E peptide are encoded by tilapia coding exon 3. The other E peptides and the 3' untranslated region (UTR) region are encoded by tilapia coding exon 4. These data show that the IGF-II genes have significantly differing structures in vertebrate evolution, and there are differences of interrupting introns in the IGF-I genomic structure compared with mammals. To obtain recombinant biologically active polypeptides, tilapia IGF-II B-C-A-D domains were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then ligated with glutathione S-transferase (GST, pGEX-2T vector). Tilapia recombinant IGF-II protein was purified and characterized in E. coli. The fusion protein was also digested with thrombin and appeared as a recombinant IGF-II polypeptide single band with a molecular mass of 7 kD. The recombinant tilapia IGF-II protein biological function was measured by stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation. The assay concentration was set up from 0 to 120 nM to stimulate tilapia ovary cell line (TO-2) significantly to uptake thymidine. The results suggest that the recombinant IGF-II protein was dose dependent.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1997

Two color analysis of HLA-B27 antigen by flow cytometer--a comparative study by conventional microlymphocytotoxicity, DNA genotyping polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometric measurement.

For evaluation of specificity and sensitivity of flowcytometric determination of HLA-B27 antigen, we determined the HLA-B27 on lymphocytes using HLA-B27 monoclonal antibody by flow cytometer. Data were compared to those by conventional Terasaki microlymphocytoxicity test and DNA genotyping Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. One hundred and ninety four patients with various forms of arthritis were included in this study. Forty one of them were HLA-B27 positive, confirmed by three methods concomitantly with complete accordance. None of serological B27 negative, B7 CREG positive cells were found to be flowcytometric fluorescence positive. Furthermore, there was no significant difference of B27 intensity between different B27 DNA subtypes, nor was there any difference between primary ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and other secondary spondylitis patients as measured by mean channel of fluorescence. It is suggested that flowcytometric measurement of HLA-B27 antigen is a rapid and reliable method for HLA-B27 determination.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1997

The efficacy of intrathecal coadministration of morphine and bupivacaine for labor analgesia.

BACKGROUND: Intrathecal (i.t.) opioids can provide labor analgesia, but the onset of pain relief is slow. Bupivacaine has the beneficial property of less motor blockade than other local anesthetics. This study retrospectively examined the efficacy of concomitant use of i.t. morphine and bupivacaine for labor pain relief. METHODS: Fifty five nulliparas who requested analgesia in the active phase (IA group) prior to a cervical dilation 3.9 +/- 0.6 cm and received i.t. morphine 0.5 mg and 0.1% bupivacaine 2.5 mg served as the treatment group, and 88 similar nulliparas who did not request and receive analgesia served as the control group. RESULTS: The mean onset time of analgesia was 2.6 +/- 0.5 min, the duration was 4-12 h and 93% of parturients did not request additional analgesia after a single injection of i.t. morphine and bupivacaine. The active phase of the first and second stages of labor in the treatment group were significantly longer [318 +/- 214 min vs. 176 +/- 120 min; 74 +/- 29 min vs. 37 +/- 26 min]. Frequency of instrument-assisted vaginal delivery was higher compared with the control group (30.9% vs. 14.1%). However, there were no significant differences in the rate of cesarean section and the Apgar scores of newborns at 1 min and 5 min between the treatment and control group. The major side effects of the treatment group included pruritus (48%), nausea (40%), vomiting (37%), somnolence (27%), shivering (27%), urinary retention (21%), hypotension (15%), and bradycardia (13%). Most of the side effects were mild and could be alleviated by naloxone. Neither post-spinal headache nor respiratory depression was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that a single injection of i.t. morphine and bupivacaine provided rapid onset and effective analgesia with manageable side effects and without major complications. Thus, i.t. morphine and bupivacaine provides an alternative to epidural analgesia for most women in labor.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

A deficiency in prothoracicotropic hormone transduction pathway during the early last larval instar of Bombyx mori.

The prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) is an insect cerebral peptide that stimulates the prothoracic glands to produce ecdysteroids that initiate moulting and metamorphosis. During the last larval instar of holometabolous insects, a reduction in the hemolymph juvenile hormone (JH) levels is a necessary step in initiating larval-pupal transformation. Recently we have demonstrated that very low ecdysteroid levels in the early last larval instar of Bombyx mori initiate the complete inactivation of corpora allata (CA). Results presented here further indicate that PTTH signal transduction pathways undergo specific developmental changes, with a deficiency in transduction in prothoracic gland cells occurring during the early last instar. Glands from the early last instar showed no increase in either cAMP levels or steroidogenesis to the stimulation of PTTH, indicating the absence of the PTTH receptors in gland cells. We propose that this absence of PTTH receptors plays a critical role in directing larval-pupal transformation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Molecular relationships in infectious pancreatic necrosis virus.

Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a Birnaviridae with a double-stranded RNA genome of two segments, is an important aquatic pathogen. Previous characterizations of the RNA and polypeptide patterns of different IPNV isolates have uncovered a wide variety of electropherotypes. We used RNA fingerprinting analysis to study the quasispecies, heterogeneity, and rapid mutation characteristics of IPN viruses. Via cluster analysis of the RNA fingerprints, IPNV standard serotypes as well as T42G-, T24K- and T34G-related isolates were classified into 3 clusters corresponding to the AB, SP, and VR-299 serological types. The IPNV SP cluster represents a different evolutionary route from those of the AB and VR-299 clusters. The VR-299 clusters were separated into two groups, the T34G group were divided into two subgroups. The molecular relationships between these isolates can be correlated with the biological characteristics of these IPN viruses, for example, selective growth in EPC cells and adaptive replication at high temperatures.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta in neonates: factors affecting early mortality and re-coarctation.

Between October 1979 and January 1993, 85 Chinese neonates in Hong Kong underwent surgical repair for coarctation of the aorta. Their mean (s.e.) age and body weight at operation was 15.6(8.5) days and 3.06(0.56) kg, respectively. Simple coarctation was present in 17 babies, while 36 had additional ventricular septal defect and 31 had associated major complex intracardiac lesions. Subclavian flap aortoplasty was performed in 56 babies, resection with end-to-end anastomosis in 18 and aortoplasty with the use of a GORETEX patch in 11. The overall early mortality rate was 16.5%. To identify risk factors for early operative mortality, various clinical variables, surgical options, associated heart lesions and dimensions of the aortic arch at different sites for each patient were reviewed. Univariate analysis identified statistically significant differences between the survivors and non-survivors for the following factors: preoperative body-weight, arterial pH and base excess, serum urea and creatinine levels. Stepwise logistic regression further distinguished serum creatinine levels and the period of operation as two significant risk factors. Contrary to previous reports, the dimensions of the aortic arch and type of surgery did not affect early operative mortality. Among the 71 hospital survivors followed for 38.2(38) months, residual or recurrent coarctation of the aorta was detected in 12(17%). The different surgical operations were not related to the incidence of late complication. The size of the distal transverse arch, however, was different (P=0.05) in those who did and did not develop aortic sequela. Successful balloon angioplasty was subsequently performed in 11 patients. In an era of echocardiography with prenatal diagnosis and therapeutic catheterization, early recognition of the disease with prompt prostaglandin infusion should prevent collapse of the baby, thus avoiding renal impairment and sever metabolic acidosis. Balloon angioplasty would offer a simple effective treatment of patients who developed aortic re-coarctation.

Aortic Coarctation↗
PubMed1995

Clinical microbiology quality assurance program: a Taiwan experience.

Quality assurance programs have been established during the last two decades in developed countries to promote high quality performance in clinical laboratories. In Taiwan, such a program for clinical microbiology laboratories has been in place since July 1987. It has been supported by the Department of Health, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. and was set up by the authors. The manpower status, facilities and equipment, and performance of clinical laboratories were investigated during the first year and standards of laboratory quality were recommended. Since then, under a continuing education program, we have conducted seminars, symposia, workshops, short-courses or panel discussions approximately 4 times a year. There have been about 150 participants per session and they have come from local hospitals (primary care hospitals), regional hospitals (secondary care hospitals) and medical centers (tertiary care hospitals). Proficiency test specimens or external unknown specimens were sent to all the laboratories twice a year and approximately 3 specimens were used each time for the evaluation of each laboratory's diagnostic capability and quality of service. Results indicated that there were tremendous improvements in the quality of laboratory performance. At the same time, several laboratory manuals describing the methods of quality control of clinical specimens, test procedures, media and reagents, personnel management and a compilation of reports etc. were published as guidelines of basic requirements for each level of the laboratories. For local hospital laboratories in remote areas, several regional hospitals or medical centers with high quality laboratories were selected to serve as back-ups. Our evaluation has shown that the performance and quality of service provided by most clinical microbiology laboratories in Taiwan have now reached nearly the level of those found in the so-called "developed countries".

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed1994

Variation in mitochondrial DNA and population structure of the Taipei treefrog Rhacophorus taipeianus in Taiwan.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 40 samples of the Taipei treefrog Rhacophorus taipeianus collected from seven populations in Taiwan were sequenced to document the DNA sequence variation in anuran mtDNA and to elucidate the phylogeographic population structure in the Taipei treefrog. Sequences of 722-764 bases in length, including a 108-bp segment of the cytochrome b gene and a 614-656-bp D-loop segment, were obtained by direct sequencing using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The variation in length was due to a 40-bp region that tandemly repeated four to five times in the D-loop region. The first repeat is the most conserved one among the five repeats because there are no variable sites in this repeat. Besides the 40-bp length variation, 28 positions in the 764-bp sequences are variable and distributed evenly in the cytochrome b gene fragment and D-loop region. Variation in the D-loop of the Taipei treefrog is comparable to those of other vertebrates. Two well-differentiated lineages (northern and central) differing by mean sequence divergence of 1.7% are identified and concordant with their geographic distributions. The two lineages are inferred to have split from a common ancestral population in the early Pleistocene. However, the interpopulation divergence of the northern lineage (< 0.33%) is apparently lower than that of the central lineage (1.11%), implying that the two lineages evolved independently and had different demographic histories after divergence. This study reveals that anuran D-loop has potential as a genetic marker in phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of anurans.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Effects and mechanism of total saponins of Panax Notoginseng on anti-inflammation and analgesia].

In this study the effects of total saponins of Panax notoginseng (TSPN) and electroacupuncture (EA) were compared. Liquid paraffin was intraperitoneally injected (0.1 ml/mouse) to establish the animal model with inflammation. The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with different treatments for 7 days: EA group, TSPN group (100 mg.kg intraperitoneal administration), Naloxone (Nx) plus TSPN group and EA plus TSPN group. The pain threshold was measured by a detector (EQ-9E) and the nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT) for polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) bacteriocidal activity and the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) histochemical staining for detection of the focal pattern lymphocyte subpopulation and the toluidine blue histochemical staining for detection of degranulation rate peritoneal mast cells were performed. The results showed that in TSPN, EA and EA plus TSPN group the pain threshold was elevated significantly, the enumeration of NBT positive PMN and the ANAE-F lymphocyte subpopulation was enhanced. All the above effects could be partially inhibited by naloxone. Between TSPN group and Nx group the degranulation rate of peritoneal mast cells had no significant difference. Since the TSPN and EA have similar effects e.g. anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunomodulatory action, it suggested that the TSPN might be somewhat agonist of the opioid like peptide receptor without addiction side reactions.

Acupuncture Analgesia↗
PubMed1994

Fiberoptic bronchoscopic Nd-YAG laser therapy in obstructive airway diseases.

BACKGROUND: This study reports the results of Neodymium-Yttrium-Aluminum Garnet (Nd-YAG) laser resection on benign and malignant obstructing airway diseases which has been done in our hospital for four years. The effect of this treatment on patients' arterial blood gases, during and after the process is also analyzed. The benefit of adjuvant therapy with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy after laser vaporization is discussed. METHODS: Fiberoptic bronchoscopic Nd-YAG laser therapy was performed in 32 cases of lung cancer (primary 27, secondary 5) and 11 cases of benign tracheobronchial diseases with total or near total airway obstruction. The therapy was performed through the oral route under local anesthesia. The result of therapy was classified as "excellent", "fair" or "poor" depending upon the degree of recanalization and clinical improvement. A cannula was inserted into the radial artery in lung cancer patients before the procedure. Samples of blood to determine arterial blood gas levels were drawn before, during and after treatment. After bronchoscopic laser therapy, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy were given to the patients of lung cancer. RESULTS: The effective rate (excellent and fair) was 75% in lung cancer and 81.8% in benign airway obstruction. In the lung cancer group, significant decline of PaO2 was noted during and after Nd-YAG laser therapy. Decrease of PaO2 was not recovered even 5 hours after laser vaporization. After bronchoscopic Nd-YAG laser therapy, 21 of 32 lung cancer patients received radiotherapy (at least 3000 rads) and/or chemotherapy (at least 3 times). The median survival time was 5.5 months. The other 11 patients received laser therapy only, with median survival time was 2.9 months (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Endobronchial Nd-YAG laser therapy of obstructing lesions has been proved to be effective and relatively safe in well-trained hands. Oxygen supplementation was suggested in patients with hypoxemia before laser therapy. After endobronchial Nd-YAG laser therapy, better survival and life quality result if radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy are added for the lung cancer group.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Assessment of a new four-hour diagnostic kit--RapID onE system for the identification of enteric bacteria].

RapID onE System is a newly developed four-hour rapid diagnostic kit for the identification of enteric bacteria. To know the effectiveness of this system, we used 125 strains of oxidase-negative, gram-negative bacilli for this evaluation. Except for Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, all the bacilli belong to family Enterobacteriaceae. The bacterial strains of this assessment belong to 12 genera and 20 species. Among them, 84 strains were freshly isolated from clinical specimens and 41 strains were frozen (-70 degrees C) stock clinical isolates. The results show that 115 (92.0%) strains were correctly identifed to the species level. It yielded 92.9% and 90.2% of correct identification of fresh isolates and frozen stocks, respectively. In this paper, the reading criteria of RapID onE System would also be discussed.

Enterobacteriaceae↗