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Biomedical subjects

J L Wu

Publications and source records attributed to J L Wu.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Structure-activity relationship of 99mTc complexes of phenylenediamine-thiol-thioether ligands (PhAT) to brain uptake in rats.

A novel class of ligands, phenylenediamine-thiol-thioether (PhAT), was synthesized, and their 99mTc complexes were evaluated for potential use as a functional brain imaging agent. The ligands reacted with Na99mTcO4 and SnCl2 to form single, stable, neutral, and lipophilic 99mTc complexes. Several of these complexes showed significant brain uptake and retention in rats. In particular, the S-ethyl, allyl, and propargyl derivatives had high initial brain uptake (0.88, 0.99, and 0.82% dose/g at 5 min, respectively) and good retention (0.71, 0.75, and 0.67% dose/g at 30 min). The structure-activity relationship of alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl thioether derivatives is reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Insulin resistance and its relationship to intracellular calcium metabolism in essential hypertension].

Insulin resistance (IR) and intracellular calcium metabolism in 26 essential hypertensive (EH) patients (18 non-obese, 8 obese) were studied and compared with 24 normotensive (NT) subjects. The changes of plasma insulin and glucose before and after intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), the platelet cytoplasmic ionized calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) with the fluorescent indicator Quin 2 and the Ca2+ pump activities in erythrocyte (RBC) lysates with the improved Vincenzi method were studied. These results strongly suggest that essential hypertension is characterized by fundamental metabolic abnormalities as well as hemodynamic abnormalities. Insulin resistance and abnormalities of cellular calcium metabolism, such as elevation in cytoplasmic [Ca2+], decrease in basal Ca-pump activity which rendered an increment of cytoplasmic [Ca2+], are major metabolic disturbances in patients with EH. The interaction between IR and cytoplasmic [Ca2+] is very complicated and needs further studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The antimicrobial activity of imipenem/cilastatin and its treatment in critical ill patients with polymicrobial and mixed infection.

The antimicrobial activity of imipenem/cilastatin (IPM/CS) was determined for a broad spectrum of 7,157 organisms isolated from the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, between April 1 and June 30, 1988. Ninety eight point one percent of 4,389 gram negative aerobes, 95.8% of 2391 gram positive rods, and 95.9% of 507 anaerobes, were shown to be sensitive to IPM/CS. Ninety nine point two percent of 837 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to this antibiotic. This study also disclosed that this agent was much more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than any other tested aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin, netilmicin) or third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, latamoxef, ceftazidime). Twelve critically ill patients with polymicrobial and mixed infection were recruited into this trial. All patients received IPM/CS 500 mg intravenously every six hours except one patient with poor renal function had 250 mg every six hours. The average duration of therapy was 12.5 days. All patients were evaluated according to the selection criteria. IPM/CS achieved favorable clinical response in 83.7 percent. The antibiotic was well tolerated. One patient discontinued treatment because of jaundice. One patient had superinfection of fungemia. The results suggested that IPM/CS is very useful in the treatment of patients with mixed infections due to gram positive, gram negative, and anaerobic bacteriae, even when empirical therapy with other antibiotics fails.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Changes of blood viscosity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery during cardiopulmonary bypass].

The patient undergoing open-heart surgery depends on hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to maintain organ perfusion during cardiac arrest. Increased blood viscosity during hypothermic CPB might be life-threatening, so hemodilution is imperative. Fourteen open-heart patients of ASA class II-III were included in this study. Pre- and intra-CPB viscosity changes were observed. Before CPB, 6 ml blood sample was drawn out from open-heart patients after systemic heparinization and another 6 ml blood sample was drawn out from the oxygenator after CPB was established. The hematocrit and relative viscosity of each sample in different temperatures were measured. The result revealed that as the temperature decreases, the viscosity of each sample increases apparently. As compared to the pre-CPB blood sample, the hematocrit of blood obtained intra-CPB decreases from 36.81 to 27.04, (p < 0.001), and the viscosity also decreases at all different temperatures (p < 0.001). Blood viscosity obtained at 37 degrees C pre-bypass is not statistically different from the sample at 25 degrees C during bypass. Obviously, increased viscosity due to hypothermia is buffered by hemodilution after using large amount of fluid as priming solution during CPB. Therefore, the hematocrit and viscosity remain within physiologic ranges.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Comparison of body height and vertebral column length in Chinese parturients].

Spinal anesthesia (SA) is frequently used in parturients undergoing Cesarean sections (C/S). The body height (BH) is commonly believed to be one of the factors influencing the spread of SA, especially in patients with extremes of the BH. Recent studies, however, show that the spread of SA is not related to the BH but to the vertebral column length (VL). This study aims to evaluate the relationship between the BH and VL in Chinese parturients. 258 parturients without vertebral column abnormality undergoing C/S were included in this study. The VL (between C7 prominence and sacral hiatus) of each patient was measured in the right decubitus position. They were divided into 3 groups according to their BH (group A less than 152 cm; group B = in the range of 153-161 cm; group C greater than 162 cm). In each group correlation between the BH and VL was made by linear regression analysis. Also determined is whether there is significant difference between each two groups by unpaired Student's t-test. A p values less than 0.05 is considered as statistical significance. The results of the present study showed that although there exists correlation between the BH and VL, the correlation coefficient (r value) is small in each group (0.29, 0.13, and 0.31 in Group A, B, and C respectively; p less than 0.05). There is, also, no significant difference of the VL among the three groups. Therefore we concluded that the BH and VL did not closely correlate and therefore BH might contribute little to the spread of SA in the Chinese parturients, including those with extremes of BH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

A bronchial response comparison of exercise and methacholine in asthmatic subjects.

The authors compared the inhaled methacholine and exercise responses in 22 stable unmedicated asthmatic patients. The exercise and methacholine challenges were performed at one to three week intervals. Bronchial responsiveness to methacholine was measured in relation to the concentration of methacholine (PC20M). The response to exercise was expressed as the percentage of fall in FEV1 from the pre-exercise FEV1. The findings showed that 21 of 22 subjects demonstrated a fall in FEV1 of more than 20% after methacholine challenge, while only 9/22 subjects experienced a similar decrease in FEV1. All 9 of these positive response exercise cases completed three consecutive exercise challenges prior to the methacholine challenge. Of these cases, five were refractory to the repeated exercise challenge, and the PD20M at the nonexercise stage was significantly lower than the postexercise state. In fact, the methacholine challenge sensitivity actually decreased (PD20 increased) after repeated exercise. The authors concluded that methacholine seems to be a more sensitive bronchial provocation test than exercise. Second, only 55.6% of the exercise test-positive subjects were refractory to the second exercise challenge. Therefore, other factors besides the release of mediators should be considered in exercise-induced asthma. Third, methacholine sensitivity actually decreased (PD20 increases) after repeat exercise challenge.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Molecular epidemiology of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Plasmid profile, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterned by an rRNA probe, and capsule serotyping of 143 Taiwan local bacteriemic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were analyzed. Our results indicate that K1 and K2 are probably the most prevalent serotypes in Taiwan, accounting for 39% of total isolates tested. A remarkable genotypic heterogeneity was observed among these isolates by the analysis of rRNA gene RFLP patterns and plasmid profile, which highlighted differences that were not discerned by the serological tests used to differentiated these strains. On the basis of these analyses, 27 rRNA gene restriction patterns and 57 plasmid profiles were identified.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Cryptic osteoid osteoma of the cranium: case report.

Osteoid osteoma is an uncommon benign tumor of bone that rarely involves the cranium. If often causes local pain that is worse at night, characteristically relieved by aspirin, and does not correlate with the size of the lesion. The diagnosis depends on skull radiographs and computed tomography. This report describes a case in which radiographs showed nothing abnormal. The diagnosis and operative localization were accomplished with radionuclide bone scanning. Thus, the possibility of radiographically cryptic lesions must be considered in the evaluation of atypical head pain syndromes.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Molecular genetic, biochemical and nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the role of the tryptophan residues of glutamine-binding protein from Escherichia coli.

The results of molecular genetic, biochemical and nuclear magnetic resonance studies on glutamine-binding protein of Escherichia coli suggest that the only two tryptophan residues, at positions 32 and 220, in the protein molecule are likely to be involved in (or sensitive to) interactions with the membrane-bound protein components of the glutamine transport system. It has been found that both tryptophan residues have limited motional freedom, are located away from the surface of the protein molecule and are not close to the ligand-binding site. Their presence, however, is required for the optimal transport of L-glutamine across the cytoplasmic membrane, though not essential for the ligand-binding process. The relevance of these results to the structure and function of the glutamine-binding protein in the glutamine transport system is discussed.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1989

The effects of cadmium, mercury and lead in vitro on hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase and lipid peroxidation.

In this study, the authors investigated the effect of cadmium, mercury and lead in vitro on hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase and lipid peroxidation. The results showed that these metals could inhibit the activity of hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase, decrease the concentration of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 and increase the concentration of the inactive form of hemoprotein, P-420. Besides, they could enhance hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation. There were marked concentration-dependent responses in these microsomal reactions. Thus, it may be suggested that cadmium, mercury and lead are capable of impairing hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase in vitro by stimulating membrane lipid peroxidation.

Aniline Hydroxylase↗
PubMed1989

Acupuncture and emotion: the influence of acupuncture anesthesia on the sensory and emotional components of pain.

Objective indices (heart rate, perspiration quantity, finger plethysmograph curves, and facial expression) and subjective indices (sensory and emotional subject reports) were recorded for 25 young Chinese adults (16 men, 9 women) during and after the simultaneous application of a strong pain stimulus and either foot classical (alloneural points Tsusanli and Yanglingchuan) or hand classical (alloneural points Hegu and Neiguan) acupuncture. Both forms of acupuncture were equally effective, showing that stimulation of the same nerve is not essential for pain relief. Acupuncture assuaged the emotional, but not the sensory, response to the painful stimulation.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of RNAs and polypeptides of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus isolates from eel and rainbow trout.

Thirteen isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) from eel and rainbow trout in Taiwan were compared with the selected serotypes AB, SP and VR-299 by PAGE analysis of their RNA genomes and early polypeptides. All the IPNV isolates from eels (1984 to 1986) from Lu Kang and Ping Tung, and from rainbow trout eggs and fry from Dan Sway (1985 to 1986) were most closely related to the AB serotype. However four rainbow trout isolates from Dan Sway (1984) had a similar RNA pattern to that of VR-299, whereas their early polypeptides were different, showing evidence of some mutations. Both RNA and polypeptide PAGE patterns were used to distinguish the isolates from known selected IPNV strains showing that this approach can be used for epizootiological studies.

Anguilla↗
PubMed1989

[Arterial blood gas changes in patients with malignant airway obstruction treated with Nd-YAG laser under local anesthesia].

The purpose of this report is to observe the changes in arterial blood gas in patients with malignant airway obstruction treated with Nd-YAG laser under local anesthesia. Nine inoperable lung cancers (7 primary, 2 metastatic) with tracheal and/or bronchial obstruction were studied. Recanalization of the obstructing airway was the goal of Nd-YAG laser treatment. Arterial blood gas levels were measured at rest, post-bronchoscopy, during treatment with Nd-YAG laser, immediately after treatment, and at each hour post-treatment for 5 hours. Blood samples were obtained from a cannula that had already been inserted into the radial artery. A significant decrease in PaCO2 levels was noted after bronchoscopy (12.1 +/- 7.47 mmHg, p less than 0.005), during laser phot resection (16.9 +/- 6.37 mmHg, p less than 0.001), immediately (17.7 +/- 8.51 mmHg, p less than 0.001) and at 1 hour (12.4 +/- 14.01 mmHg, p less than 0.05) after the Nd-YAG laser treatment. No significant changes (p greater than 0.05) in PaCO2 levels were found at 2, 3, 4, 5 hours after treatment. Both PaCO2 and PH showed no significant changes during the process. Because of the marked decline in PaCO2 during and after the Nd-YAG laser treatment, it is suggested that oxygen supplementation should be considered, particularly in hypoxemic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The ratios and kinds of clinical bacteria isolated in Taiwan's large-size hospitals].

The prevalence of clinical bacteria, as isolated from Linko Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital (2,300 beds) in the period January 1985 to December 1986 and from Taipei Veterans General Hospital (2,300 beds) during the period January 1986 to December 1986, was analyzed with the following findings: (i) The isolation ratio of anaerobic and aerobic or facultative bactria during the period of investigation were 7.8% (5,513/70,799) and 92.2% (65,286/70,799), respectively. (ii) Of the total aerobic or facultative isolates from the two hospitals, 32.9% (21,510/65,286) were Gram positive cocci and bacilli, 67.1% (43,776/65,286) were Gram negative cocci and bacilli. (iii) Of these Gram-negative bacilli, 65.2% (28,490/43,675) were Enterobacteriaceae were Enterobacteriaceae and glucose fermentative Gram negative bacilli, 32.0% (13,984/43,675) were glucose nonfermentative Gram negative bacilli, and 2.7% (1,200/43,675) were fastidious Gram negative bacilli. (iv) The more common species among the members of Enterobacteriaceae were Escherichia coli 35.7% (10,163/28,490), and Klebsiella pneumoniae 18.2% (5,186/28,490). The other common species included Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Morganella morganii, Citrobacter freundii and Proteus vulgaris. The frequencies of Salmonella species and Shigella species in these two large hospitals were up to 1.6% (456/28,490) and 0.5% (149/28,490), respectively. The most common isolate among other glucose fermentative Gram negative bacilli was Aeromonas hydrophila 3.0% (843/28,490). The finding of 0.1% (11/28,490) Vibrio alginolyticus was considered as clinically significant in Taiwan. (v) Of these glucose nonfermentative Gram negative bacilli, 69.4% (9,704/13,984) were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 18.9% (2,637/13,984) Acinetobacter species, 10.8% (1,516/13,984) Pseudomonas species. (vi) The most common bacteria among fastidious Gram negative bacilli was Haemophilus influenzae, 96.2% (1,154/1,200). (vii) Of these Gram negative cocci, 59.4% (60/101) was Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 6.9% (7/101) N. meningitidis. (viii) The more common isolates of Gram positive bacilli included Bacillus species and Corynebacterium species (diphtheroids). (ix) Of these Gram positive cocci, the isolation rates of Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species were 54.6% (10,838/19,827) and 45.4% (9,002/19,847), respectively. The most common isolate among Gram positive cocci was Staphylococcus aureus, 30.2% (5,994/19,847); the next, enterococcus, 24.9% (4,936/19,847); then S. epidermidis, 22.2% (4,390/19,847). The less common isolates were Streptococcus pyogenes 1.1% (212/19,847) and S. pneumoniae, 1.7% (329/19,847).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Bacteria↗
PubMed1988

Pulmonary function in normal subjects after bronchoalveolar lavage.

Twenty seven healthy individuals were divided randomly into three groups. The first group of nine subjects received only a routine bronchoscopic examination. The second group of nine subjects was examined with the bronchoscope followed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with 200 ml of 25 degrees C normal saline solution. The third group of nine subjects received a bronchoscopic examination followed by BAL, but with 200 ml of 37 degrees C normal saline solution. Examination in all groups included arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis and pulmonary function test (PFT), both pre- and post-procedure. In group 1 there was no statistical difference in the pulmonary function test result after routine bronchoscopic examination except for decrease in PaO2. The results in group 2 showed a statistical difference in both ABG and PFT data, especially PaO2, FEF 200-1200, FEF25%-75%, FEF25%, FEF50%, and FEF75%. In group 3, there was a significant decrease of PaO2 and no significant difference in PFT before and after BAL. From these data we conclude that BAL is a safe examination. However, the administration BAL fluid (BALF) with 25 degrees C normal saline solution can affect the results of the PFT significantly. Much of this adverse reaction can be minimized by using body temperature (37 degrees C) saline solution. At 37 degrees C, the ABG data showed a decrease in PaO2, but pulmonary function was not affected significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Trichothecenes in staple food from a high-incidence area of carcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia and their carcinogenic potential].

This is the first report to demonstrate the presence of a group of mycotoxins in corn-staple food of Linxian residents, including Nivalenoal (NIV), Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (15-ADON), T-2 toxin (these 5 toxins belong to trichothecenes) and zearalenone (ZEN). These 6 toxins were produced by Fusarium species. Using TLC, HPLC, GC, monoclonal antibody affinity column chromatography combined with RIA, respectively, 107 corn samples from Linxian and 2 rice samples from USA were analyzed. It was demonstrated that the average level of NIV was 757 +/- 707(54-2,760)ng/g, DON was 5,376 +/- 4,460 (360-12,670) ng/g with 100% positivity in corn samples consumed as staple food by esophageal cancer patients and their families. Corn samples collected from 5 villages in Linxian at different seasons in 1984-1986 all showed high levels of NIV and DON with 100% positivity which suggested that NIV and DON were consistently and widely existed in Linxian corn samples. Levels of 3-ADON and 15-ADON in Linxian corn were 113 +/- 57 and 495 +/- 538 ng/g. This paper also first demonstrates that the extracts of corn from esophageal cancer patients' families and their NIV and DON fractions purified by HPLC could induce significant chromosome aberrations in V79 cells, indicating that they had carcinogenic potential. Pure toxins of NIV, DON, T-2 and 3-ADON could induce chromosome aberrations in V79 cells starting from 1 ng/ml-a very low concentration. When concentrations increased to certain range they all showed toxic effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Cardia↗