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J Lemozy

Publications and source records attributed to J Lemozy.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization of some Globicatella-like organisms from human sources: description of Facklamia hominis gen. nov., sp. nov.

Six strains of a hitherto undescribed gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccus from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown strains were genealogically homogeneous and constitute a new line closely related to, but distinct from, the genus Globicatella. The unknown bacterium was readily distinguished from Globicatella sanguis, the type species of the genus Globicatella, by the results of biochemical tests and an electrophoretic analysis of whole-cell proteins. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, we propose that the unknown bacterium be classified as Facklamia hominis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Facklamia hominis is CCUG 36813.

Bacteria, Anaerobic↗
PubMed1997

[Local treatment of "small cancers" of the rectum: excision is preferable to electrocoagulation].

From 1973 to 1990, 50 patients with a "small cancer" of the rectum were treated locally either by electrocoagulation or by local excision using an electrical scalpel. 20 patients were treated by electrocoagulation. Their 5-year actuarial survival was 78.3% and the local recurrence rate was 16.5%. 4 treated patients by local excision had a lesion which invaded the serosa and should have been amputated as primary procedure. Three of them relapsed. 26 patients were treated by local excision for a lesion confined to the rectal wall. Their 5-year actuarial survival was 94.4% and the local recurrence rate was 4.5%. The difference in survival and recurrence was significant between electrocoagulation and excision of a lesion confined to the rectal wall. These results suggest that excision is preferable to electrocoagulation as it allows prediction of the result by pathological examination of the operative specimen.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1996

[Nocardia respiratory infection in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease].

Pulmonary nocardiosis is a respiratory infection which is usually described in the immunocompromised. We report three cases in patients suffering from chronic airflow obstruction. In two cases there was a parenchymal disorder and in one case bronchial suppuration without involvement of the alveolar region. The diagnosis was made in all cases by bacteriological examination from specimens obtained at fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The outcome was favourable in all three cases after appropriate treatment. These observations underline the diversity of the clinical forms of respiratory nocardiosis. Furthermore, it demonstrates their possible occurrence in non-immunocompromised patients and the need to look for this germ specifically in long drawn infections. A bacteriological diagnosis is vital to start early and appropriate antibiotic therapy which should be prolonged because of the risk of recurrence and disseminated infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

First characterization of inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) beta-lactamases in Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.

Two clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, TP 01 and TP 02, presented resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate and were fully susceptible to cephalothin. These strains produced two beta-lactamases, SHV-1 and a TEM enzyme with a pI of 5.2. The previously described changes Arg-244-->Cys and Arg-244-->Ser in IRT-1 and IRT-2 (A. Belaaouaj, C. Lapoumeroulie, M. M. Caniça, G. Vedel, P. Nevot, R. Krishnamoorthy, and G. Paul, FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 120:75-80, 1994) were found in TEM enzymes from the TP 01 and TP 02 strains, respectively. This is the first report of inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) in species other than Escherichia coli from the family Enterobacteriaceae.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1995

Morbidity using subcutaneous ports and efficacy of vancomycin flushing in cancer.

An evaluation of totally implanted venous access systems inserted in 163 consecutive children with cancer is reported. From 1988 to 1994, 180 subcutaneous ports were inserted in children more than 1 year old. Initial diagnosis was acute leukaemia (n = 79), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 33), and solid tumour (n = 51). Median age was 85 months. All venous procedures were performed through the device. Chemotherapy was either moderate (n = 13) or intensive (n = 119) or very intensive (n = 48), including 16 patients undergoing marrow transplantation. Cumulative venous access totalled 55,770 patient days with a mean of 305 days/subcutaneous port. The cause of device removal was, end of treatment (n = 111), death due to malignancy (n = 20), catheter related infection (n = 7), and occlusion of the system (n = 4). Mechanical complications occurred in 19 ports; 16 were due to clots, of which 14 were cleared with instillation of urokinase. Documented infectious episodes occurred in 47 ports, recurred once in 14, and twice in five cases. Among these infections, 47 were septicaemic; 31 due to Staphylococcus epidermidis. Twenty seven of initial septic episodes were considered to be catheter related; the rate was 15%/subcutaneous port or 0.05/100 catheter days. Risk factors for the development of a first infection were age below 4 years and the time of use. Since February 1993, vancomycin (50 micrograms/ml) has been given and this has reduced the rate of S epidermidis infection from 26/83 subcutaneous port to 4/97. Life table analysis showed that the infection free interval for staphylococcus was significantly better after this technique ws initiated (log rank rest=0.02). Time saved was approximately 30minutes/patient/week compared with external catheters, or 45 hours/month for the cohort of children treated. Subcutaneous ports in paediatric cancer patients are reliable, safe, and durable and may offer an attractive alternative to external catheters for prolonged venous access and intensive treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[A fleshy bud...].

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Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1994

Pulsed field gel electrophoresis for molecular epidemiology of penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.

The emergence of strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin and other antibiotics has become a major concern for antimicrobial therapy of pneumococcal infections. The spread of that resistance over the world increases the need for their epidemiological surveillance: specific epidemiological markers are required. In this study, pulsed field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA was carried out on sixteen resistant isolates of S. pneumoniae from different parts of the world and fifteen resistant isolates from Toulouse. The restriction endonucleases ApaI and SmaI were used to digest intact chromosomes and the fragments were resolved by field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE). Each digest produced 10 to 19 fragments for comparison between strains. The polymorphism obtained with FIGE was greater than that obtained with serotyping which appeared to be not a good criterion for genetic relatedness. Three common clones could be recognized among the penicillin-resistant isolates. Two clones were found in Spain and in Toulouse and were associated with serotypes 6B and 9V, respectively. The third clone was isolated in South Africa and in Spain and contained serotype 23F isolates and one serotype 19F strain. The FIGE profiles observed in this study also demonstrated that serogroup 23 multiresistant strains isolated in Toulouse are genetically closely related and might have originated from the same Spanish 23F clone. These results underline the importance of the geographic spread of resistant clones in the increase in the incidence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci. They indicate that pulsed field gel electrophoresis should be an effective tool for the typing of resistant S. pneumoniae strains capable of tracing their origin.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

Resistance to cefotaxime and seven other beta-lactams in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae: a 3-year survey in France.

During the second quarter each of 1988, 1989, and 1990, a French collaborative study group, including 12 university hospital laboratories, surveyed the resistance to beta-lactams of clinical isolates from hospitalized patients: consecutively, 10,641, 10,692, and 9,382 isolates were tested. The distribution of bacterial species over time was similar in each laboratory. The susceptibilities of microorganisms to amoxicillin, ticarcillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime (CTX), ceftazidime (CAZ), aztreonam (ATM), and imipenem (IPM) were measured by the disk diffusion method in accordance with the recommendations of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society for Microbiology. Five reference strains were included for quality control. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases were detected by the synergistic effect of the combination of clavulanic acid-amoxicillin with CTX, CAZ, and ATM in the double-diffusion test. A synergistic effect with CTX, CAZ, and ATM was detected for 1.5% of all strains, mainly those of Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.3%). For this species, the synergy test enabled the detection of roughly 50% of the resistant strains misclassified as susceptible on the basis of interpretative standards. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases disseminated in 1990 in most enterobacterial species but at a low frequency. Important variations in the percentages of resistant strains were observed in terms of bacterial species, hospitals, and wards. However, when the total number of strains was considered, the percentages of resistance to newer beta-lactams remained low.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Resistance to antibiotic treatment produced in a model of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis].

A mouse model of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis was used to evaluate the emergence of resistant mutants during antimicrobial therapy. Mice were infected intraperitoneally with a large inoculum (10(8) CFU + 125 mg talcum) of one of eight strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and treated for eight hours with imipenem (IPM) (2 mg/kg/60 min), ciprofloxacin (CIP) (5 mg/kg/45 min), ceftazidime (CAZ) (2 mg/kg/45 min), and amikacin (AN) (2 mg/kg/45 min), alone or in combination. Dosages were selected to achieve and maintain for 8 hours intraperitoneal concentrations similar to those seen in human bronchial secretions. Emergence of resistant strains occurred in 88% of mice after IPM, 29% after CIP, and 31% after CAZ. MICs for resistant strains were increased 8-fold to 512-fold above baseline. Given in combination, IPM and CIP use was followed with lower rates of resistance to each drug (6% and 2% respectively) than use of each antimicrobial alone (p less than 0.001). Combination with amikacin reduced resistance rates for all the antimicrobials studied. No resistant strains occurred with the CIP-CAZ combination. Under the experimental conditions used, the CIP-CAZ combination provided the best results, although the difference with the CIP-IPM combination was not statistically significant.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1991

Prevention of gram-positive infections after bone marrow transplantation by systemic vancomycin: a prospective, randomized trial.

Gram-positive bacteria are the most commonly isolated organisms after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and severe streptococcus septicemia has been reported. In order to evaluate the benefit of a gram-positive prophylaxis after BMT, we conducted a prospective, randomized trial of systemic vancomycin among 60 patients undergoing BMT for hematologic malignancies. Patients were randomized to receive (n = 30) or not receive (n = 30) prophylactic vancomycin 15 mg/kg every 12 hours from day -2 until resolution of neutropenia or until the first episode of fever. All patients were treated in laminar air-flow rooms, received sterile diet, total gut decontamination, and had central venous catheters placed surgically. Vancomycin was found to be highly effective in preventing gram-positive infections that occurred in 11 of 30 patients in the control group versus zero of 30 in the vancomycin group (P less than .002). All gram-positive infections occurring in the control group were symptomatic (nine septicemia and two local infections), and one patient with Streptococcus septicemia died with pneumonia. Thus, gram-positive prophylaxis was found to decrease infection morbidity after BMT. Moreover, the number of days with fever (P less than .001), and empiric antibiotic therapy (P less than .01) was reduced without added toxicity or cost. This study confirmed the high prevalence of gram-positive infections after BMT and emphasized the clinical benefits of an adapted prophylaxis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Infectious complications of the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children].

The authors report the infectious complications observed during the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 70 children, followed by a same team, with the same protocole, for a period of 6 years (mean follow-up: 42.3 months). The complications were mainly bacterial during induction phase, mainly staphylococcic the microbiological follow-up and a rapid empiric antibiotic therapy allowed to control more than 80% of the febrile episodes. There was one death from fulminant pyocyanic infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Is thoracic actinomycosis underestimated? Reflections on 7 cases].

An analysis of 7 cases of thoracic actinomycoses were recorded over 25 years enabling a better appreciation of the radiological and clinical criteria: a low grade pneumonia with haemoptysis and an alteration in the general physical state, with pseudo-tuberculous radiological images or "pseudo-tumoral" with bronchograms and parietal wall disease. This clinical picture calls for endoscopic biopsies or biopsies under CT scanning for a study combining both histological and bacteriological diagnosis on appropriate culture media, enabling an exploratory thoracotomy to be avoided, the latter the classic method of diagnosis. This approach should reduce the number of pneumonias which are not confirmed bacteriologically which are sensitive to the usual antibiotics and determine better the true frequency of actinomycoses.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1988

[Initial antibacterial prophylaxis after bone marrow allograft. Pilot study with systemic vancomycin].

In 22 consecutive patients treated by allogenic bone marrow transplantation, the authors report their experience in complete gastrointestinal decontamination and prophylactic systemic vancomycin. Neither septicemia from the low digestive tract nor with Gram positive is noticed. A child developed septicemia with Capnocytophaga ochracea, resistant to vancomycin. There is no infectious death in this study and no significative toxicity is reported.

Adolescent↗