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Biomedical subjects

J Linde

Publications and source records attributed to J Linde.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Postprandial response of trans fatty acids in prepubertal obese children.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the intake, plasma concentrations and postprandial response of trans fatty acids in obese and control children at prepubertal age in order to detect potential associations with childhood obesity. DESIGN: Case-control study, clinical dietary intervention with a 428 kcal standardized breakfast and longitudinal 3 h postprandial follow-up for trans fatty acid plasma levels. SUBJECTS: Fifty-four children aged 6-13 years of both sexes, 34 obese (body mass index >97th percentile for age and sex) and 20 non-obese (control group) at prepubertal period (Tanner I). MEASUREMENTS: Various anthropometric parameters and sex hormones, fasting insulin and glucose, estimation of dietary trans fatty acid intake and their plasma quantitation in fasting conditions, and for 3 h following intake of a standardized breakfast. RESULTS: Dietary trans fatty acid intake was less than 0.4% of total energy in both groups, with a trend towards higher intake in obese children. Fasting plasma trans fatty acid concentrations and percentages were similar in both groups. However, trans fatty acid levels at +3 h were significantly higher than at 0 h in obese children, but not in controls (obese, 0 h: 2.38+/-0.29; 3 h: 3.62+/-0.45; controls, 0 h: 2.29+/-0.24; 3.14+/-0.49 mg/dl); cis monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations were not significantly affected by the postprandial interval. Obese children exhibited hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance; however, trans fatty acid intake or their plasma levels were not associated with them. CONCLUSION: There is a low intake of trans fatty acids in Southern Spanish children, which is supported by their low concentrations in plasma. No difference in trans fatty acid intake is observed between obese and control children, although plasma levels remain higher in obese than in control children after 3 h of a meal. A marked insulin resistance is seen in obese, but it is not correlated with either trans fatty acid intake or plasma concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Localization of L11 protein on the ribosome and elucidation of its involvement in EF-G-dependent translocation.

L11 protein is located at the base of the L7/L12 stalk of the 50 S subunit of the Escherichia coli ribosome. Because of the flexible nature of the region, recent X-ray crystallographic studies of the 50 S subunit failed to locate the N-terminal domain of the protein. We have determined the position of the complete L11 protein by comparing a three-dimensional cryo-EM reconstruction of the 70 S ribosome, isolated from a mutant lacking ribosomal protein L11, with the three-dimensional map of the wild-type ribosome. Fitting of the X-ray coordinates of L11-23 S RNA complex and EF-G into the cryo-EM maps combined with molecular modeling, reveals that, following EF-G-dependent GTP hydrolysis, domain V of EF-G intrudes into the cleft between the 23 S ribosomal RNA and the N-terminal domain of L11 (where the antibiotic thiostrepton binds), causing the N-terminal domain to move and thereby inducing the formation of the arc-like connection with the G' domain of EF-G. The results provide a new insight into the mechanism of EF-G-dependent translocation.

Cryoelectron Microscopy↗
PubMed2001

Pharmacological treatment for prevention of restenosis.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among adults in the Western world. Coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) have gained widespread acceptance for the treatment of symptomatic CAD. There has been an explosive growth worldwide in the utilisation of PCI, such as balloon angioplasty and stenting, which now accounts for over 50% of coronary revascularisation. Despite the popularity of PCI, the problem of recurrent narrowing of the dilated artery (restenosis) continues to vex investigators. In recent years, significant advances have occurred in the understanding of restenosis. Two processes seem to contribute to restenosis: remodelling (vessel size changes) and intimal hyperplasia (vascular smooth muscle cell [VSMC] proliferation and extracellular matrix [ECM] deposition). Despite considerable efforts, pharmacological approaches to decrease restenosis have been largely unsuccessful and the only currently applied modality to reduce the restenosis rate is stenting. However, stenting only prevents remodelling and does not inhibit intimal hyperplasia. Several potential targets for inhibiting restenosis are currently under investigation including platelet activation, the coagulation cascade, VSMC proliferation and migration, and ECM synthesis. In addition, new approaches for local drug therapy, such as drug eluting stents, are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies. In this article, we critically review the current status of drugs that are being evaluated for restenosis at various stages of development (in vitro, preclinical animal models and human trials).

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Effect of enalapril on proteinuria after kidney transplantation.

We studied the effect of enalapril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme (iACE), on proteinuria and renal function in recipients of renal allografts. Twenty-two patients with post-transplant nephrotic syndrome were treated with incremental doses of enalapril for 1 year. Urinary protein excretion decreased after 2 months of treatment from a mean of 8.9 g/day (range 4.0-18.9 g/day) to 4.5 g/day (range 0.4-10.0 g/day; P < 0.01) and remained significantly low for the rest of the study. However, in the same period, creatinine clearance did not change significantly; it went from 47.8 ml/min (range 17.1-110.3 ml/min) before treatment to 44.2 ml/min (range 16.5-88.5 ml/min) after 2 months of iACE therapy. Analysis of individual data showed that there was a significant reduction in proteinuria in 14 of the 22 patients and that the rate of deterioration of renal function did not increase in 17 of the 22 patients. We did not observe any serious side effects of enalapril administration. The results of our study prove that iACE can be used safely and effectively to reduce post-transplant proteinuria.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

School placement for human immunodeficiency virus-infected children: the Baltimore City experience.

Over the past 6 years, the city of Baltimore has successfully implemented a school placement policy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Both policy and specific procedures are based on nationally promulgated guidelines. School placement policy is part of an overall AIDS policy that includes education of students and staff and adoption of universal precautions to prevent transmission of communicable diseases in school. Implementation has been marked by excellent collaboration between the departments of health and education. Important policy components include expedited clinical investigation of each case, an interagency review panel, strict protection of confidentiality, a restricted setting for certain children, a school site visit for each placement, and continued monitoring of the school placement by school nurses. Many HIV-infected students need special educational services and/or school health services. The Baltimore City school placement process has avoided the exaggerated publicity endured by some communities, where media reporting has aggravated community fears and invaded the lives of families with HIV-infected children. Baltimore City has succeeded in ensuring access to education, protecting families' confidentiality, and providing special care for HIV-infected students. Local communities should emphasize national guidelines in designing school placement policies for HIV-infected children. School placement policies work best in the context of a comprehensive policy incorporating AIDS education and care.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

Colonic epithelial dysplasia or carcinoma in a regional group of patients with ulcerative colitis of more than 15 years duration.

Colonoscopic screening for neoplasia was performed in a regional group of ulcerative colitis patients with a disease duration of greater than or equal to 15 years. A total of 121 patients, aged less than 80 years, were invited to participate, of whom 100 (83%) accepted colonoscopy, including biopsies in 15 standard locations of the entire colon, plus additional biopsies from all visible lesions. Unequivocal dysplasia was found in one patient with extensive colitis and a disease duration of 31 years. A polyp with highly differentiated adenocarcinoma was found in the sigmoid colon of a patient with intermittent rectum involvement, 37 years after the ulcerative colitis diagnosis had been made. Biopsy specimens from the remaining 98 patients showed no signs of dysplasia or cancer. Thus the frequency of pre-malignant or malignant changes is very low compared with the results of similar studies, and the rationale for general colonoscopic surveillance programmes for such patients is open to question.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Acyclovir in the prevention of duodenal ulcer recurrence.

This study tests the hypothesis that reactivation of a latent herpes simplex virus infection may be a cause of recurrent duodenal ulceration. Patients with recently healed duodenal ulcer were entered into a double blind, randomised study of maintenance treatment with the antiviral drug acyclovir (400 mg bid) versus placebo, to determine if suppression of herpes virus infection would influence the natural history of the ulcer disease. One hundred and fifteen patients entered the trial and 76 patients completed it according to the protocol. Endoscopy was performed when ulcer symptoms recurred and at the end of the 25 week trial period. In the acyclovir group the cumulated relapse rate was 63% compared with 56% in the placebo group (NS). This result suggests that reactivation of herpes simplex virus is not a cause of recurrent duodenal ulcer.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of a new leukocyte labeling procedure with 99mTc-HMPAO.

A technique for labeling leukocytes with 99mTc using hexamethylpropylene-amineoxime (HMPAO) was evaluated in vitro. The labeling procedure resulted in a cell bound fraction of radioactivity of 56% after 99mTc incubation and 96% after 1 washing of cells. In the final cell suspension 84% of the radioactivity was attached to the polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes constituting 94% of white cells. Only 5% was bound to residual red blood cells. The stability evaluated in autologous plasma showed a decline of cell bound activity from 96% to 84% over 3 h. The chemotactic function of PMN leukocytes was unaffected by the labeling procedure. These findings demonstrate that HMPAO, albeit cell unspecific, is efficient for labeling PMN leukocytes with 99mTc. The stability of the labeling procedure is high and the technique does not affect cell function. No other current 99mTc leukocyte labeling technique possesses all these qualities.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1988

Effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on prepyloric gastric ulcer: double blind comparative trial.

We conducted a six week double blind randomised study of 176 patients with prepyloric gastric ulcer to determine whether the proton pump inhibitor, omeprazole 30 mg daily would accelerate healing and pain relief, as compared with cimetidine 1 g daily. At two, four, and six weeks after entry ulcers healed in a larger percentage of patients treated with omeprazole (54, 81, and 86%) than of those treated with cimetidine (39, 73, and 78%) ('intention to treat' cohort; p less than 0.05 at two weeks). A higher proportion of patients on omeprazole became free of pain during the first week of treatment (p less than 0.05). No major clinical or biochemical side effects were noted. Omeprazole is an efficient treatment for patients with prepyloric gastric ulcers.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Effect of omeprazole and cimetidine on duodenal ulcer. A double-blind comparative trial.

We conducted a double-blind randomized study of 132 patients to determine whether the new, investigational proton-pump inhibitor, omeprazole (30 mg per day), would accelerate healing and pain relief, as compared with cimetidine (1 g per day), in patients with duodenal ulcer. After two weeks of treatment, which was completed by all patients, the healing rates were 73 per cent in the omeprazole group and 46 per cent in the cimetidine group (P less than 0.01). After four weeks of treatment, which was completed by 118 patients, the corresponding figures were 92 and 74 per cent (P less than 0.05). In the omeprazole group 55 per cent of the patients were free of pain after the first week, as compared with 40 per cent of those treated with cimetidine (P greater than 0.05). No major clinical or biochemical side effects of omeprazole or cimetidine were noted. A six-month follow-up study revealed no significant difference between the recurrence rates after omeprazole and after cimetidine treatment. In May 1984 clinical trials with omeprazole were temporarily suspended, since a study of long-term toxicity in rats had shown the development of gastric carcinoid tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Controlled clinical trial of treatment with cimetidine for non-ulcer dyspepsia.

The effect of cimetidine (1 g daily) and placebo was studied in a controlled clinical trial comprising 50 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia in whom an organic abnormality responsible for the dyspeptic symptoms was not disclosed by a standardized and extensive examination programme. Reduction of symptoms occurred in 13 (54%) out of 24 patients treated with cimetidine and in 16 (62%) out of 26 treated with placebo. The difference was insignificant, as were the alterations in the individual dyspeptic symptoms between the groups. Only 6 patients (25%) on cimetidine and 8 (31%) on placebo treatment had a total relief of symptoms. Of these, all cimetidine-treated patients remained free from symptoms during the successive 3-month observation period, while the dyspeptic symptoms relapsed in 3 (38%) placebo-treated patients. Subsequent resumption of placebo treatment reduced the symptoms in all 3 patients, but only one became free from symptoms. Cimetidine does not seem to be superior to placebo in the treatment of non-ulcer dyspepsia in patients without any previous history of ulcer or without any sign on endoscopy of an active or previous ulcer disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Osteoporosis in hyperthyroidism estimated by photon absorptiometry.

The degree of osteoporosis in hyperthyroidism before and during treatment with carbimazole was studied by photon absorption technique of the right forearm and calcaneus. In addition serum total calcium, serum ionized calcium, serum phosphorus and serum alkaline phosphatase were determined. A group of 96 patients suffering from untreated hyperthyroidism (85 women and 11 men) was studied (79 of these patients were also followed during treatment) and compared to a control group of 157 persons (107 women and 50 men). The women were divided into two groups: less than or equal to 45 years old and more than 45 years old. In all groups untreated hyperthyroid patients showed lower bone densities compared to the control group, but this was only significant in women. During treatment all groups showed a significant increase in density. After 3-6 months of treatment bone density in the calcaneus increased 12% and in the forearm 1.5%; after 6 months - 3 years 33% and 31%, respectively. At that time bone density was normalized. There was no correlation between bone density in hyperthyroid patients and duration and severity of the disease. The biochemical changes were characterised by increases in serum alkaline phosphatase (26%), serum total calcium (16%) and serum ionized calcium concentration (17%) in cases of untreated hyperthyroidism. Serum phosphorus concentration did not change. A correlation was found between elevation of the alkaline phosphatase and decreased bone density.

Adult↗