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Biomedical subjects

J Lucaya

Publications and source records attributed to J Lucaya.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Low-dose high-resolution CT of the chest in children and young adults: dose, cooperation, artifact incidence, and image quality.

OBJECTIVE: The radiation dose, artifact incidence, and image quality of high-resolution chest CT examinations performed with standard and low doses and patient cooperation were investigated in children and young adults. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three successive controlled studies were conducted in different groups of children and young adults, totaling 203 patients. Dosimetry of high-resolution CT was performed at 180, 50, and 34 mAs in three groups of 25 patients. Streak artifact incidence using alternating 50- and 34-mAs slices was assessed and correlated with patient compliance with breath-holding commands in 44 children. Image quality was evaluated in scans obtained with 34 versus 180 mAs in cooperative patients (n = 42) and in scans obtained with 50 versus 180 mAs in noncooperative patients (n = 42). Artifacts and image quality were assessed by controlled repeated interpretations. RESULTS: Radiation dose was 5.4+/-1.6 mSv for 180 mAs, 1.5+/-0.5 mSv for 50 mAs, and 1.1+/-0.3 mSv for 34 mAs. Cooperation was obtained in 66% of the patients. Artifacts were more frequently seen in scans of noncooperative patients (30%) and in 34-mAs scans (47%); the highest incidence was found using 34 mAs in noncooperative patients (60%, p = 0.02). No differences in image quality scores were seen in scans obtained with 50 mAs versus those obtained with 180 mAs in noncooperative patients (p<0.05), and small differences were found in scans obtained with 34 mAs versus those obtained with 180 mAs in cooperative patients for fissures (p = 0.005) and peripheral structures (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Low-dose high-resolution CT provided a significant reduction in radiation dose (72% for 50 mAs and 80% for 34 mAs) and good-quality images of the lung when performed with 50 mAs in noncooperative and 34 mAs in cooperative pediatric and young adult patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Non-operative management of traumatic pancreatic pseudocysts associated with pancreatic duct laceration in children.

Objective. To assess the successful non-operative management in traumatic pancreatic pseudocysts (TPP) associated with duct laceration in children. Surgical therapy (cystogastrostomy or distal pancreatectomy with splenic salvage) has been classically considered the treatment of choice for those pseudocysts. Materials and methods. This report presents the clinical and imaging findings in two children with TPP and pancreatic duct disruption observed either on endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or injection via catheter drainage. Results. Both children responded to long-term cyst drainage. Conclusion. Although the experience is limited, the authors suggest that pancreatic injury associated with duct laceration can respond to non-operative management.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Spontaneous involution of pulmonary sequestration in children: a report of two cases and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Two cases of pulmonary sequestration which regressed spontaneously are presented. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the value of imaging studies in the diagnosis and follow-up of some forms of congenital masses of the lung in asymptomatic patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records and imaging studies of two asymptomatic children, one newborn and the other 3 months old, with thoracic masses which demonstrated variable degrees of spontaneous involution. RESULTS: Abdominal ultrasound performed on the newborn with a palpable mass showed a triangular echogenic mass with a large central feeding vessel arising from the aorta. The mass had disappeared on follow-up US exam performed 6 years later. CT was performed in the 3-month-old patient with a persistent retrocardiac mass. A soft-tissue density mass in the left pulmonary base with a large feeding vessel arising from the aorta was visualised on contrast-enhanced CT. Five years later, a new CT scan showed significant shrinkage of the mass and no vessel. CONCLUSION: Radiological techniques such as real-time US with Doppler imaging and contrast-enhanced CT may establish the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration by demonstrating the mass and its systemic vessel, thereby eliminating the need for more aggressive imaging procedures. Partial or total disappearance of these masses represents a further example of involutive pathology and suggests that not all cases of pulmonary sequestration should be surgically treated.

Bronchopulmonary Sequestration↗
PubMed1998

Pediatric pancreas: an overview.

Pancreatic disorders are not rare in children. Modern imaging equipment allows recognition of many pancreatic diseases that were difficult to identify in the past and therefore were considered to be unusual. Within the scope of this article we include information on imaging modalities for studying the pancreas and a description of the radiologic manifestations of the most common congenital, inflammatory, tumoral, traumatic and systemic disorders.

Child↗
PubMed1995

US, CT, and MR imaging of neck lesions in children.

Neck lesions are common findings in pediatric patients and can be classified as congenital, vascular, inflammatory, or tumoral. They can be evaluated with ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, either alone or in combination. US should be considered first for studying suspected congenital, vascular, and inflammatory lesions, although CT and MR imaging are best for demonstrating the extent of benign and malignant tumors and the presence or absence of bone erosion, vascular encasement, and airway compromise. MR imaging is also preferred for ruling out intracranial and intraspinal extension (eg, as occurs in rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma, respectively). In the authors' experience, thyroglossal duct cysts and lymphangioma are the most common congenital anomalies; jugular vein aneurysms are the most common vascular lesion; lymphadenitis is the most common inflammatory lesion; fibromatosis colli is the most common benign tumor or tumorlike condition; and lymphoma is the most common malignant neoplasm.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Sonography of the eye in children: imaging findings.

Real-time sonography is a well-accepted technique for evaluating abnormalities of the eye. Most previous reports on sonography of the eye have been in adults [1]. In this pictorial essay, we illustrate normal and abnormal findings of ocular sonography in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Renal calcifications in patients with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease: prevalence and cause.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the prevalence of renal calcifications in children with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and studied the metabolic changes that could cause this complication. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Nine patients with known autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease were examined with sonography and CT and screened for biochemical evidence of metabolic causes of nephrocalcinosis. RESULTS: CT showed bilateral renal calcifications in seven of the nine patients. The two patients without renal calcifications were less than 1 year old. Four patients had only a few calcifications and three patients had many. The severity of the renal calcifications correlated with the degree of kidney failure. All patients with kidney failure were found to have urine acidification defects. Hypocitraturia was present in all patients. CONCLUSION: Our results show that renal calcifications are common in older children with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease. Hypocitraturia and the urine acidification defect resulting from kidney failure are the leading factors in the pathogenesis of the calcifications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Juvenile xanthogranuloma with extracutaneous lesions.

The purpose of this article is to present a case of juvenile xanthogranuloma with pulmonary, retroperitoneal and splenic involvement. The similar echographic pattern of the cutaneous and visceral lesions was very helpful in order to suggest the correct diagnosis.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1992

Intrahepatic biliary stones in children.

Intrahepatic biliary stones in seven non-Oriental patients were studied in all by sonography, in four patients by computed tomography and in four patients by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. For patients had extrahepatic biliary atresia treated with portoenterostomies, one patient had undergone partial liver transplantation and of the remaining two, one had cystic fibrosis and the other immunodeficiency syndrome. All sonograms were abnormal and showed echogenic foci within the liver, with or without associated signs of biliary tract dilatation. CT confirmed the biliary tract dilatation yet calculi were identified in one patient only. PTC was particularly helpful in the patient with immunodeficiency in whom features typical of sclerosing cholangitis were found. This report emphasizes the variable radiological appearance of bile stones which to our knowledge have rarely been described in children with entities other than Oriental cholangitis.

Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Congenital pyriform sinus fistula: a cause of acute left-sided suppurative thyroiditis and neck abscess in children.

Acute bacterial thyroiditis or neck abscesses in children can be caused by infection through pyriform sinus fistulae which usually originate from the tip of the left pyriform sinus. They are thought to be remnants of either the third or fourth pharyngeal pouches. CT, ultrasound and gastrointestinal contrast studies are all useful in clarifying the pathological process and showing the extent.

Abscess↗
PubMed1990

Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification: unusual features.

Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC) is a rare disease of unknown etiology, which causes widespread arterial calcification and usually leads to early death from coronary arterial occlusion. Periarticular calcification has been reported in some cases. Two new cases are reported. In addition to the usual features of the disease, one was found to have ear-lobe calcification and the other an aortic aneurysm and coarctation of the aorta. Therapy with diphosphonate was apparently successful in one patient.

Arteries↗
PubMed1990

Sonographic diagnosis of adrenal hemorrhage in patients with fulminant meningococcal septicemia.

We report two patients with fulminant meningococcal septicemia, in whom massive bilateral adrenal hemorrhages were diagnosed by ultrasound. Low plasma cortisol levels were found in one patient who eventually died. The other patient survived and has remained asymptomatic for the last three years. His adrenal function is normal. We suggest that routine ultrasound examination should be performed in patients with meningococcal sepsis and shock in order to clarify the prevalence of a renal hemorrhage. Determination of plasma cortisol levels in patients with adrenal hemorrhage, would allow identification of those with adrenal insufficiency who may benefit from steroid replacement.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗