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Biomedical subjects

J Maillet

Publications and source records attributed to J Maillet.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Effects of elevated soil copper on phenology, growth and reproduction of five ruderal plant species.

The repeated use of copper (Cu) fungicides to control vine downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, has been responsible for the heavy increase of Cu concentration in the upper layers of vineyard soils. To determine the effects of elevated soil Cu on plant development, we created an artificial soil gradient with Cu enrichments ranging from 0 to 400 mg kg-1. On this gradient, and for five ruderal plant species commonly found in vineyards in southern France (Poa annua L., Dactylis glomerata L., Senecio vulgaris L., Hypochoeris radicata L., and Andryala integriflolia L.), we quantified survival, growth, and reproduction throughout one flowering season. High concentrations of Cu in the soil resulted in low survival, low total plant biomass, delay in flowering and fruiting, and low seed set. However, the effects differed among species. Furthermore, high soil Cu concentrations had contrasting effects on patterns of resource allocation depending on the plant species.

Copper↗
PubMed2001

Evaluation of copper availability to plants in copper-contaminated vineyard soils.

The repeated use of copper (Cu) fungicides to control vine downy mildew has led to long-term accumulation of Cu in vineyard soils which now raises the issue of the potential bioavailability of Cu for various living organisms including plant species. The bioavailable Cu can be defined as the portion of soil Cu that can be taken up by roots, for a given plant species. In order to evaluate the bioavailability of Cu to plants, a pot experiment was conducted in glasshouse conditions with a crop species (maize) and 12 soils sampled in the upper horizon of 10 vineyard plots (total Cu ranging from 38 to 251 mg kg-1) and two woodland plots (control soils that had not received any Cu application; total Cu amounting to 20-26 mg kg-1). These soils were selected for their diverse physical (large range of particle size distribution) and chemical (from acid to calcareous soils) properties. After 35 days of growth, plant shoots were harvested for analysis. The roots were separated from soil particles for further analysis. The concentrations of Cu in the roots and aerial parts of the maize were then compared with the amounts of Cu extracted from the soil by a range of conventional extractants. Observed Cu concentrations in maize roots which have grown in contaminated vineyard soils were very high (between 90 and 600 mg kg-1), whereas Cu concentrations in the aerial parts varied only slightly and remained low (< 18 mg kg-1). Root Cu concentrations observed for maize increased with increasing total Cu content in the soil and with decreasing soil CEC. Cu accumulation in maize roots may be as high in calcareous soils as in acid soils, suggesting that soil pH had little influence. In the case of the vineyard soils studied, the lack of correlation found for maize between Cu concentrations in roots and in the aerial parts, suggests that an analysis of the aerial parts would not be a good indicator of plant Cu uptake, as it provides no insight into the real amount of Cu transferred from the soil to the plant. For maize, our results show that extraction with organic complexing agents (EDTA, DTPA) and extraction with ammonium acetate seem to provide a reasonably good estimate of root Cu concentration.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2001

Comparative efficacy of five herbicides on winter cereal weeds in semi-arid region of Algeria.

Field chemical control trials on cereal weeds were conducted in the Sétif region (north-east of Algeria), using five herbicides. The most abundant weeds were Fumaria densiflora DC., Veronica cymbalaria Bodard, Vaccaria pyramidata Medik, and Papaver rhoeas L.. The herbicides applied at the end-tillering stage of wheat were bromoxynil + diclofop-methyl, flamprop-isopropyl + MCPA, 2,4-D ester, diclofop-methyl and tribenuron-methyl. Compared to the untreated control, they increased grain yield by 359, 294, 216, 174 and 417 kg ha-1, respectively. These results showed the importance of the chemical control, which is applied in the Sétif region on less than 5% of the total surface of cereals.

Algeria↗
PubMed2001

Floristic and agronomic aspects of cereal weeds in the Constantine high plains.

Three hundred fifty nine fields of cereals were surveyed by stratified sampling in the Constantine high plains (north-east, Algeria). In total 254 species belonging to 34 plant families were recorded. The results indicated that five families the Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae, Brassicaceae and Apiaceae were prevalent and accounted for 55% of the species. Annuals (70%), broad leaved (87%) and the mediterranean floristic element (63%) were predominant and characterized the weed flora. The agronomic study permitted to distinguish 34 important species. This harmful flora was characterized by the prevalence of annual and broad leaved weeds. Although number of grasses was low were some abundant and frequent e.g. Avena sterilis L. and Bromus rigidus Roth.. Perennial species were represented by several weeds, the most frequent and abundant were Bunium incrassatum (Boiss.) B.T., Carduncellus pinnatus (Desf.) DC. and Convolvulus arvensis L..

Algeria↗
PubMed2000

Autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins in critically ill patients with thrombocytopenia.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate immunologic causes of thrombocytopenia in critically ill patients, especially causes that were related to platelet-associated IgG antibodies. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All patients admitted to two intensive care units between May 1 and October 30, 1997, who developed thrombocytopenia (less than 100 x 10(9) platelets/L) were studied prospectively. We measured platelet-associated IgG with a radioimmunoassay using I(125)-labeled polyclonal antihuman IgG. Characterization of platelet-associated IgG was assessed with a monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigen. Circulating immune complexes were also assayed. RESULTS: Of the 61 patients with thrombocytopenia, elevated platelet-associated IgG was found in 18 (30%). Associated antiplatelet autoantibodies (glycoprotein IIb/IIIa) were detected in 4 patients, circulating autoantibodies (glycoprotein Ib/IX) were detected in sera from 2 patients, and circulating immune complexes were detected in 3 patients. The nature of the platelet-associated IgG could not be determined in 10 patients. Elevated platelet-associated IgG was associated with sepsis and previous cardiopulmonary bypass. Thrombocytopenic patients with elevated platelet-associated IgG had a lower nadir platelet count (58 +/- 27 x 10(9)/L vs 74 +/- 24 x 10(9)/L, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: Elevated platelet-associated IgG, some of which are platelet autoantibodies, is frequent in thrombocytopenic patients with sepsis or after cardiopulmonary bypass.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Depression in children. Etiological, clinical and therapeutical aspects].

Although the concept of child depression is today well admitted, the diagnosis of childhood depression remains difficult due to the variety of its symptoms, many of them being non specific, and the frequency of masked depression. For each period of child development, ie: infancy, early childhood, late childhood and adolescence, depression has particular clinical characteristics which are important to be known for its early recognition. Depression in a child frequently appears to result from the conjunction of a constitutional predisposing ground, one or several losses, and an inappropriate parental response. One must be concerned about the major risk of deleterious effects on psychoaffective, intellectual and somatic development of neglected depression, so that its prevention, early recognition, and treatment are mandatory. According to the cases, treatment requires individual or familial psychotherapy and chemiotherapy, and in particular cases care in a medico-educative establishment.

Child↗
PubMed1993

[Psychotropic drugs in child and adolescent psychiatry].

Although there has been concern about the use of psychoactive drugs in children, evidence is accumulating that these drugs are beneficial. The various groups of currently available drugs are reviewed with their pharmacological characteristics, adverse effects, dosages, and uses in children. Benzodiazepines, both widely used and severely criticized, are effective when used correctly, in particular for the shortest possible length of time. Antidepressants are indicated in many conditions including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and anxiety; some of their indications are specific to children, such as separation anxiety, enuresis, and school phobia. Neuroleptics have a less well defined role and are usually given as symptomatic treatment, although their use is limited by their side effects. This is also true of lithium, despite fairly good tolerability in children. Carbamazepine was introduced in psychiatry too recently to allow valid evaluation. Psychostimulants are viewed with fear in France despite their documented efficacy in hyperkinetic children. A few other drugs used in other fields of medicine are currently being investigated in psychiatry (beta-blockers, clonidine, naloxone). A debate on drugs used in child psychiatry is much needed in particular to overcome the methodological and ethical problems raised by controlled trials of which few have been conducted to date. Drug therapy should be combined with psychotherapy to place the target symptoms in perspective with regard to the child's overall make-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Platelet serotonin concentration in children under 5 years of age].

High platelet serotonin concentrations have been reported in children with early infantile autism. However, as yet there are no reference values regarding platelet serotonin in normal infants and young children so that it remains difficult to define the exact significance of this finding. We report here with the platelet serotonin concentration found in 57 infants and children (20 girls, 37 boys) ranging in age from 10 days to 5 years old. Our results show that mean platelet serotonin concentrations in infants and young children are significantly greater than mean values obtained in older children (+11%) and neonates in the umbilical cord (+64%). No significant variations were found relating to sex, leucocyte count and platelet count. There therefore appears to be a physiological elevation of platelet serotonin concentration in infants and young children, and this has to be taken into consideration in the interpretation of the elevated values found in cases of infantile autism.

Aging↗
PubMed1990

[Emergency tracheobronchoscopy in children with burns].

Smoke inhalation affects the upper airways and lung parenchyma, causing the burn victims' death rate to increase substantially. Early diagnosis is hard to obtain, as clinical signs of complications will be delayed. However, both improved chances for survival and a lower incidence of sequelae depend on how soon treatment is initiated. The smoke inhalation syndrome suspectacle from the case history cannot be confirmed without due paraclinical investigations. The authors retrace their experience with 42 children hospitalized at the Hôpital Trousseau Burn Unit. They stress the importance of emergy ENT endoscopic assessment for obtaining the diagnostic and therapeutic data necessary for taking adequate measures.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1989

[Post-puberty anorexia nervosa].

Post-puberty anorexia nervosa requires a thorough clinical study to facilitate its diagnosis and its early treatment. Longitudinal studies have demonstrated that good results usually depend on the speed of medical intervention (preferably with admission to hospital) and to the duration of treatment. The fact that certain cases result in death is too often due to excessive intensive care. Infusions must be avoided at all costs and should be replaced by forcible feeding if absolutely necessary. Finally, a better approach to, and a better understanding of adolescents should contribute to the prevention of anorexia nervosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Nocturnus terrors--somnambulism].

Among disorders of sleep in children, pavor nocturnus ("night terrors") is common and considered harmless. Yet the clinical picture, the child's personality and the polygraphic electroencephalographic recordings suggest that it should be treated sooner and more often than is usually done. Somnambulism ("sleep walking") also is very frequent. It has no consequences in most cases, but it may be the cause of serious events such as falling out of a window which is rare but may result in death or disablement. Some children have repeated attack of somnambulism, and these constitute a true pathology of sleep requiring a specific treatment that will cure or improve. All this must be known to the practitioner who will inform the parents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Sleep disorders in infants and children].

Sleep disorders are common in childhood, and almost always benign. Simple explanations and parental reassurance are generally sufficient for the alleviation or tolerance of the disorder. However, severe forms exist for which a therapeutic support is necessary and often very efficient.

Bruxism↗
PubMed1989

[The carbon dioxide laser in tracheobronchial diseases in children. A prospective study of 11 cases].

Carbon dioxide laser has been used in bronchology for over 15 years, primarily in adults and older children. With the recent development of appropriate bronchoscopes, one has now been able to extend its application to infants and small children. 11 patients, aged 10 months through 7 years, were treated by this technic at the ENT Service of the Hôpital Trousseau (Paris). Indications for broncholaser management at this age and the particularities thereof are specified, as well as the results obtained and the complications linked with its use. This new therapeutic tool appears to be reliable and effective in a certain number of cases, representative of which are circumscribed bronchostenoses, granulomas resulting from trauma or associated with tuberculosis, and benign tumors.

Bronchial Diseases↗
PubMed1988

[Familial intrauterine nanism with constrictive pericarditis, the MuLiBrEy syndrome].

The authors report the case of two siblings with a MU.LI.BR.EY syndrome. This acronym standing for a singular type of recessive autosomal intra-uterine dwarfism, insufficiently points to the role of pericardial constriction. The main symptoms and the prognosis of the disease are related to pericardial damages. The relevance of the diagnosis lies in the possibilities offered by pericardectomy.

Dwarfism↗