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Biomedical subjects

J Maillet

Publications and source records attributed to J Maillet.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Evaluation of the treatment with fenfluramine of autism in children].

The effects of fenfluramine were studied in a group of 44 children with the autistic syndrome and in 26 non autistic children with behavior abnormalities, mostly hyperkinetic children, as a control group. The mean daily dosage was 0.65 mg/kg/day. There were 75% positive results in the autistic children and 77% in the control group. The clinical improvement appears to be mainly related to the control of the hyperactive behavior in the autistic children. Platelet serotonin levels were studied in both groups, showing a clear cut decrease during fenfluramine therapy with no significant differences between the 2 groups and no correlation between the clinical effects and the magnitude of the decrease.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of amygdalectomy on asthmatic and allergic children. Study apropos of 55 cases].

The effects of tonsillectomy were investigated in 55 asthmatic and/or allergic children, by clinical and biologic, particularly immunoallergologic examinations before and 6 months and one year after operation. Tonsillectomy adversely affected clinical state of asthmatic and/or allergic children in less than 10% of cases, and then only to a moderate degree. In 40 to 60% the course of their illness was not affected by the operation and, a remarkable finding, in 40 to 45% of cases it was markedly improved. Biologic, and particularly immunoallergologic parameters studied were not significantly altered, but changes in immunoglobulins confirmed the immunocompetent role of the palatine tonsil.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Reduction of bleeding during microsurgery of the middle ear by amiodarone].

Operative bleeding was reduced in 47 patients undergoing middle ear microsurgery by means of an intravenous infusion of Amiodarone. Total doses of the order of 1 mg.kg-1 were remarkably effective without adverse effects. This result is attributed to the capacity of Amiodarone to reduce the increase in blood pressure and particularly the tachycardia induced by release of endogenous (operative stress) and exogenous (local adrenaline infiltrations) catecholamines.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Long-term radiology and respiratory function study following exposure to asbestos].

During the supervision of 93 workers in an asbestos factory pulmonary function tests and radiographs were performed using the same equipment and by the same team, at 5 yearly intervals. The assessment of radiographic changes was judged by following both the reader of the films and the technique used (either un-named films or simultaneous films at 5 yearly intervals). On reading un-named films the appraisal of parenchymal abnormalities was variable from one reader to another; on the other hand they were less marked for simultaneous readings made by the same observer. Progressive pulmonary function tests showed that the fall in vital capacity and of VEMS in 5 year intervals was more rapid when there was a parenchymal abnormality, when the duration of exposure was long or the subject was older when first exposed. The results showed that in spite of ceasing to be exposed the parenchymal abnormalities progressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Lessons from a long-term survey on the effects of massive occupational exposure to asbestos. The AMISOL affair 10 years later].

For the past 10 years the authors have followed up a cohort of workers who had been massively exposed to dust in an asbestos textile factory which closed down in 1974. They report on the difficulties of all kinds they encountered during this epidemiological survey. The most original result is that they were able to establish that the radiological and functional manifestations of asbestosis pursue their course after the subjects have ceased to be exposed. Another important point is the early development of lesions in peripheral bronchioles, detected by volume-flow loops. The authors insist on the psycho-social problems at the site of work or in daily life which arise from the use of asbestos or of fibres with similar properties. Social protection, at present well organized, should suppress the risk of asbestosis in Western countries. However, a number of problems remain to be solved, notably those concerning the long-term risk of pleural mesothelioma, the mode of action of the fibers and the immune reactions they induce, and the economic and social consequences of a hypothetical ban on asbestos--a material very difficult to replace. This study embodies, in miniature, all the problems of society associated with asbestos during this second half of the XX th century.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1983

[Effect of captopril in left ventricular failure during the acute stage of myocardial infarction].

The oral inhibitor of the converting enzyme of angiotensin has previously been used successfully in the treatment of chronic cardiac failure. Its action as an arterial and venous vasodilator and in significantly reducing the heart rate which we have previously reported, led us to assess its effects in left ventricular failure during acute myocardial infarction. The effects of captopril were compared with those of isosorbide dinitrate in 10 patients with left ventricular failure during acute myocardial infarction. An arterial and venous vasodilatation was obtained with both drugs. Captopril induced a greater fall in left ventricular filling pressures and significantly reduced the heart rate, leading to a slight increase in left ventricular systolic work index. Pulmonary arterial resistances decreased more significantly with captopril whilst systemic arterial resistances fell equally. The left ventricular function curve was shifted to the left by both captopril and isosorbide dinitrate, but only captopril induced an upward shift and only captopril caused very significant reductions in the rate-pressure product. The plasma renin activity of these patients was high but the correlation with the vasodilator effect was poor. There was little change in medium-term survival (50% mortality). These results indicate that captopril may be a valuable drug in the treatment of left ventricular failure in acute myocardial infarction. However, its oral presentation makes it difficult to determine the optimal dose.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Behavior problems in phenylketonuria. Attempt at a biochemical interpretation based on a personal case and a review of the literature].

We have presented the case of a 7 year old retarded child with psychotic like behavioral troubles. Biological studies are compatible with typical phenylketonuria. Two times, a low phenylalanine diet was followed by an improvement of the behavioral troubles, and the interruption of the diet by a relapse of these troubles. Biologically, an hyposerotoninergy was recorded by the lowering of the 5 HIAA renewal in CSF after probenecid, partially corrected by the low phenylalanine diet. From this personal case and a review of the literature, the authors discuss the biochemical interpretation of the behavioral troubles in the light of the serotoninergic deficit.

Brain↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of flunitrazepam on intraocular pressure (author's transl)].

Though ophthalmologists operate upon patients that are in a debilitated state, a general anesthesia has to be employed with increasing frequency. Flunitrazepam, known to possess good cardiovascular tolerance, was studied to evaluate its effects on intraocular pressure in 34 unselected patients undergoing 41 operations under general anesthesia, usually 41 operations under general anesthesia, usually for retinal detachment or cataract. Ocular pressure was normal in all cases before surgery, but a history of chronic respiratory insufficiency was obtained in 8 cases and of cardiovascular disease in 18. After premedication with 0.02 mg . kg-1 of flunitrazepam and 0.01 mg . kg-1 of atropine, anesthesia was induced by 0.04 mg . kg-1 i.v. of flunitrazepam alone. No marked alterations in cardiac of respiratory functions were observed. Intraocular pressure was measured with a Schiötz tonometer, just before and 5 minutes after the i.v. injection of flunitrazepam. Results showed -- before: 1.61 +/- 0.51 kPa (12.1 +/- 3.8 mmHg); after: 1.09 +/- 0.36 kPa (8.2 +/- 2.7 mmHg) -- a statistically reduction of 32 p.cent. The precise mechanism of action of flunitrazepam on intraocular pressure is not known, but cannot be related to the reduction in aqueous humor secretory flow or the marked diminution in arterial or venous pressure. A probable explanation is the lowering of resistance to aqueous humor flow exterior to the ocular globe as a result of the muscle relaxant properties of the product. Flunitrazepam appears to be a narcohypnotic of choice in ophthalmological surgery on these inherently debilitated patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Correlations between chest X-rays, clinical data, and lung function tests (flow-volume curve) in asbestos workers (author's transl)].

This study concern 61 asbestos workers, exposed to very dusty conditions, but exposure is stopped for 4 years. Flow-volume curve shows a decrease in flow, at low-volume, particularly in old subjects, with a great dust index. In 13 subjects (21%), with normal chest radiographs, we observe a decrease in flow. This is interpreted as an airway obstruction, and it is an early effect of asbestos exposure. This obstruction concerns the small airways because the Vmax is density independent in the last portion of the VC. Flow-volume curve breathing helium oxygen mixture is not more sensitive, than breathing air. So, this test seems sufficient, to monitor the exposed workers, in epidemiological studies, and prevent repeated chest X-ray examinations which may be dangerous.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Platelet serotonin concentrations in autistic children and members of their families].

Children with early infantile autism have often high platelet serotonin (5 HT) levels. According to this fact, we wondered if a genetic abnormality of 5 HT metabolism could be detected in family members of autistic children. We has thus determined platelet 5 HT levels in these children's mothers, fathers and siblings. It is noteworthy to find out that: autistic children have a mean platelet 5 HT level significantly higher than their siblings' (p less than 0.01); fathers' levels are significantly lower (-29%; p less than 0.001) than those of other family members' and of control group. Furthermore, for future purposes, we studied platelet 5 HT levels at different times during pregnancy in controls and in a woman already mother of an autistic child. We observed a raise (+31%; p less than 0.01) in platelet 5 HT during the first trimester of the pregnancy with a lowering towards normal levels during the eight month, in the woman with an autistic child as well as in the controls.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology of adult asthma (Socio-economic effects) (author's transl)].

A study of the prevalence of adult asthma (subjects over 18 years of age) has been carried out in the Puy-de-Dôme area over the past two years by means of a questionnaire sent out to all the doctors in the area. 1,130 asthmatics have been inventoried to this day (547 males and 583 females). A study of the geographical distribution carried out in terms of demographic data on thhe present time, but is certainly underestimated. Correspondence analysis shows up the influence of age on the severity of the attacks. Frequency calculation and the cumulated frequency of the answers to the question concerning the date of the onset of asthma, leads to the conclusion that there will probably be an important increase of cases of late asthma in the next few years. The socio-economic and professional (sick leave, change of job) effects of this type of asthma in adults are analysed.

Adult↗