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Biomedical subjects

J Martin

Publications and source records attributed to J Martin.

At least 1,027 records · Page 57Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Association of cimetidine and bone-marrow suppression in man.

A 29-year old woman who was on steroids for Behcet's disease received intravenous cimetidine for severe gastrointestinal bleeding. A bone-marrow examination performed a few days prior to cimetidine treatment showed a normally active marrow. On the fifth day of cimetidine therapy, agranulocytosis (800/ml) and a very low platelet count (40,000/ml) were observed; bone-marrow failure was documented both by biopsy and aspiration. No other drug known to be myelotoxic was given. This severe hematologic side effect of cimetidine resolved within 10 days after discontinuation of the drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Research method using discriminant subsets on minicomputers].

Given a set of elements (illnesses, medicines,...) characterised by criteria or attributes (symptoms, characteristics, colour,...), each able to assume a certain number of states (for colour, more than nine), the problem is to find a minimal discriminant chain, or in other words, the smallest sequence of criteria enabling one to distinguish the elements of the initial set, unless of course they are identical. This problem is very general, but when tackled together it often involves excessive calculations. Based on the research principles proposed by Begon and Tremolieres, the authors propose a method well adapted to criteria in several states, which can be used on a small computer, when searching for pseudo-minimal chains by sampling. An application of this method (in liaison with the 'Centre Anti-Poisons', Nancy Pr Larcan) has enabled us to carry out a search for discriminant chains for more than 2800 medical tablets by their external characteristics, among which 3 quantitative criteria were known with a certain margin of error, and 21 qualitative criteria, making a total of more than 60 different states.

Computers↗
PubMed1979

Patent ductus arteriosus treated with ligation or indomethacin: a follow-up study.

The course and complications of fifty-two infants with patent ductus arteriosus requiring closure were assessed prospectively. Twenty-six infants with a PDA received indomethacin for pharmacologic closure of the PDA, and 26 underwent ligation. The current study analyzes and compares the longitudinal follow-up with respect to somatic growth, neurologic function, psychomotor and mental development, and renal, ophthalmologic, and audiologic function in 21 infants in each group who entered the follow-up. No selective morbidity was attributable to PDA closure with indomethacin when compared to surgically treated infants.

Child Development↗
PubMed1979

Evolution of cardio-pulmonary involvement in Friedreich's ataxia.

The evolution of 15 patients initially evaluated during Phase One of the Quebec Cooperative Study of Friedreich's ataxia has been studied approximately three years later. It is concluded that the deterioration of cardio-pulmonary function in Friedreich's ataxia is multifactorial. The neuromyopathy (or the underlying metabolic or cellular defect) appears to be the main contributing factor to the deterioration of cardio-pulmonary function, which is exacerbated by the scoliosis and varying severity of the cardiomyopathy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Laboratory studies of self-reinforcement (SR) phenomena.

Fifty-three empirical laboratory studies of self-reinforcement (SR) published between 1962 and 1977 are discussed and critiqued. Studies are organized under two major headings--infrahuman and human--and are summarized in relation to the acquisition, motivational properties and comparative effectiveness of SR procedures. Each experiment is rated in terms of the degree to which the procedures reported represent actual SR operations, and in terms of overall experimental validity. The reviewed literature shows that SR behavioral patterns can be readily acquired through modeling or direct external reinforcement; and affected by a variety of training, individual difference, procedural, and task factors; and, once acquired, have sometimes been shown to possess functional reinforcing properties, and to be generally as effective as external reinforcement procedures in maintaining and strengthening conditional or target responses. A variety of methodological and theoretical issues pertaining to SR research are discussed, and the relationships between SR and contemporary radical operant and social learning psychology are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Effects of exercise intensity on food consumption in the male rat.

The effects of two different levels of exercise of equal caloric cost on food consumption and body weight changes was investigated in 24 male rats (initial body weight = 378.3 g, SD = 22.3 g). Open circuit spirometry was used for the collection of respiratory gas exchange during running on the treadmill and these data were used to equate two intensities of exercise to the same caloric expenditure. Food consumption was measured 1 hr, and every 4 hr thereafter for 24 hr during 2 alternate weeks of exercise and rest. Results showed that high intensity exercise (16 m . min-1, 10% mill grade) resulted in depressed food consumption and depressed body weight gain than low intensity exercise (5 m . min-1, zero percentage mill grade) of equal caloric expenditure. Both exercise groups had depressed food consumption and rate of body weight change compared to nonexercise animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Seasonality and the requirements for perpetuation and eradication of viruses in populations.

Perpetuation of a virus in a population is distinct from the ability to persist in a cell culture or individual host. Parameters which determine perpetuation include: 1) the size of the population; 2) the turnover of the population; 3) the proportion of immunes in the population; 4) the transmissibility of the infection; and 5) the generation time between sequential infections. These parameters may be grouped into two composite factors which most directly affect transmission dynamics and perpetuation: (a) population turnover per generation period, and (b) transmissibility or the fraction of susceptibles infected per existing infection. Perpetuation in small populations usually requires either the ability to persist in individuals or rapid population turnover. Conversely, human viruses which initiate only acute infections require larger populations to persist. Seasonal variation in transmissibility can greatly increase the minimum population size in which persistence is possible, and we argue that the population size of 500,000 for measles persistence (described by Bartlett) is primarily a consequence of seasonal variation. Computer modelling can be used to examine the effect of changes in parameters which determine the seasonal cycle of virus perpetuation and fadeout. Finally, human infections are reviewed to indicate those which have been eradicated (smallpox), are on the threshold of eradication (poliomyelitis), are possibly eradicable (measles), or could be candidates for future efforts (hepatitis A and hepatitis B). In developing a strategy for eradication two points are of great potential utility: first, the seasonal trough should be exploited as a time for effective intervention; and, second, containment efforts should be directed at epidemiologically important population groupings such as schools.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Immune pancytopenia.

Circulating T-lymphocytes from a 13-year-old boy with autoimmune anaemia, severe neutropenia and thrombocytopenia inhibited autologous and normal homologous bone marrow myeloid colony formation in vitro. This inhibition was abolished when the patient's antithymocyte globulin and complement-treated T-lymphocytes were used. T-lymphocytes from normal individuals did not cause such an inhibition. The patient's lymphocytes showed no inhibitory effect on erythroid colony formation. Investigation of the patient's serum failed to disclose any leucoagglutinin, lymphocytotoxin or humoral factor against myeloid colony formation. These findings indicate that T-lymphocytes may play a role in the pathogenesis of neutropenia in immune pancytopenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Catecholamine elevation in iron deficiency.

Iron-deficient rats have increased blood and urinary catecholamines regardless of whether anemia is or is not present. The catecholamine response in both iron-deficient and control animals is largely temperature dependent, showing little difference at the isothermic temperature of 30 degrees C but a two- to threefold increase in iron-deficient animals over controls at lower temperatures. The iron-deficient rat is unable to maintain body temperature at 4 degrees C and this is independent of anemia or of food intake. When animals are run on the treadmill for 4 h, body temperatures increase but the difference observed at 4 degrees C between iron-deficient and control animals persists. The underlying abnormality in temperature regulation and in catecholamine response disappeared after 6 days of iron therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[About the different steps leading to the quality of medical informations (importance of medical computing (author's transl)].

To draw the best conclusions from a set of medical data, one must first choose correct, valid, representative and well-expressed information. So it's not sufficient to collect data, but we have to valid them before including them in the records. After having put out the general characteristics of any validation and defined the fields where they can be applied we recommend a method over three steps. First, the physician alone, then the physician with an informatician and again the physician seem concerned by the steps of control. It is particularly important to develop the validation of chronology and generally speaking of evolutive data. Of course, the costs of validation with respect to the large groups of data must be taken into account.

Computers↗