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Biomedical subjects

J Moryś

Publications and source records attributed to J Moryś.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Acetylcholinesterase activity as a marker of maturation of the basolateral complex of the amygdaloid body in the rat.

Development and maturation of the basolateral complex of the amygdaloid body were studied in fetal and postnatal rat brains. In cresyl violet-stained sections the basolateral complex was distinguishable at the 17th prenatal day. On about the 14th postnatal day, it showed all the features of the adult structure. The acetylcholinesterase activity appeared in neuropil of the basolateral complex on the seventh postnatal day; it increased slowly up to the 60th day. After that age, the acetylcholinesterase activity was stable in all parts of the basolateral complex and corresponded to its cytoarchitectonic differentiation. Our results suggest that the process of maturation of the amygdaloid basolateral complex, being related to the ingrowing of the cholinergic fibers from the basal forebrain, lasts at least up to the end of the second month of postnatal life.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1995

Stimulation of glucose utilization in the rat claustrum by pain.

The involvement of the claustrum in processing of somatosensory information was investigated using the formalin test as an established pain test. The metabolic activity of the claustrum and other brain structures belonging to the somatosensory system was assessed by autoradiographic method of the uptake of (3H)-labelled 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). Glucose utilization in the claustrum was stimulated by subcutaneous injection of formalin into the front paw. The increase of radioactivity was observed not only in the claustrum, but also in the anterior pretectum, the ventral thalamic nucleus, the somatosensory, insular and piriform cortices on the contralateral side to formalin stimulation. After stereotactical injection of morphine into the contralateral pretectum to stimulation side, uptake of 2-DG in the claustrum was abolished. These results indicate that the claustrum is an important relay nucleus in the somatosensory system, which may convey somatosensory information from the pretectum to the cerebral cortex, thus by-passing the thalamus, throughout the pretecto-claustro-cortical pathways.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Influence of fixation and histological procedure on the morphometric parameters of neuronal cells.

The influence of fixation and histological procedure on morphometric parameters of human and rat brains were analyzed. We found negative correlation of brain weight with the fixation time both in human and rat material. Human brains fixed for shorter period of time than one year showed large differences in weight. The group of brains fixed for longer than one year was characterized by much smaller dispersion. Moreover, we found that during histological preparation the shrinkage of brain tissue of older human subjects is statistically significantly smaller than younger ones (below 65 years). In order to correct these artifacts easily we propose three simple formulas.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Insular claustrum of the dog--a morphometric investigation of cellular structure.

Investigation of the dog's insular claustrum was performed using morphometric methods. The brains of 14 dogs (7-14 year-old) were studied. The size, shape and density of neurons are different in various parts of the insular claustrum. The posterior part, related to the visual system, is heterogenous and possesses medium-sized and small densely packed neurons, the average cross-sectional area of cell body being 175.8 +/- 45.5 micron2. The similar average cross-sectional area of cell body (174.1 +/- 55.3 micron2) was found in the central part of the insular claustrum. However, neuronal architecture is here less heterogenous and neurons are less densely arranged. The anterior part, connected mainly with the frontal and motor cortex, is more homogenous and contains loosely arranged neurons of a rather large size (average size--198.7 +/- 53.46 micron2).

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Morphometric parameters of some hypothalamic nuclei: age-related changes.

The morphometric analysis of some hypothalamic nuclei was performed on 20 brains of subjects of both sexes aged from 29 to 79 years. They were divided into two groups: below and above the age of 60. Supraoptic (SON), lateral tuberal (LTN) and lateral mammillary (LMN) nuclei were investigated. In the group of aged subjects a decrease in cross-section area of neuron nuclei was observed in all investigated structures, expressed most in the LTN. A considerable increase in the neuron density with age was found in the LTN. The size of neuron cell bodies and the number of neurons did not change significantly with age in any of the investigated nuclei.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

The insular claustrum in the methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) treated rats shows two different populations of neurons.

Methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) is a substance that inhibits migration of neurons in the embryonic brain. After intraperitoneal injection of two different doses of MAM to pregnant rats, microcephaly with or without complete development of the cerebral cortex was observed in every litter. High MAM doses (30 mg/kg) resulted in the lack of superficial layers (II-IV) of the cerebral cortex when the deep layers (V, VI) were seen. The claustrum was present but composed of loosely packed, medium-size, triangular or fusiform neurons with anarchic oriented long axes. After administration of low MAM doses (14 mg/kg) two different parts (medial and lateral) of the insular claustrum were observed. Our results suggest that neurons of the insular claustrum create two different subpopulations of cells, which were similar to that observed in primitive insectivore (e.g., hedgehog), but fuse in development.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

The second layer neurones of the entorhinal cortex and the perforant path in physiological ageing and Alzheimer's disease.

The hippocampal formation was studied in 5 brains of younger (29 to 52 years of age) and 6 brains of elderly (61 to 89 years of age) subjects without signs of dementia, as well as in 11 brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (65 to 91 years of age). The 8-microns-thick sections were stained either with cresyl violet, Weil method or with immunocytochemical methods for amyloid (4G8) and neurofibrillary tangles (Tau-1). Cell bodies, senile plaques and tangles were counted in all brains. In brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease a significant neuronal loss (about 56%) was observed in the second layer of the entorhinal cortex. The tangles/neurones ratio was very high (62.79.1%) in this layer. A great number of senile plaques were present in the whole hippocampal formation, especially in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus (22.91.5 plaques/mm2) which is the termination zone of the perforant path. It seems therefore, that pathological alterations in Alzheimer's disease disrupt the main input to the hippocampal formation. In "physiological" ageing we did not observe changes in the density of neurones, although single tangles and plaques were found in all hippocampal areas. In elderly individuals 3.81.3% of neurones of the second layer revealed neurofibrillary pathology; a few plaques were found in various areas of the hippocampal formation. These observations may suggest only a slight decrease in number of neurones in the hippocampal formation. However, these changes cause a slight impairment of memory and learning often found in elderly individuals without dementia.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Lateral tuberal nucleus in man and macaca comparative morphometric investigations.

Cytoarchitectonics of the lateral tuberal nucleus--a phylogenetically new hypothalamic structure--was investigated using morphometric methods. The most characteristic feature of the human lateral tuberal nucleus is an extremely great variability of its shape and segmentation. The lateral tuberal nucleus consists mostly of several separated neuronal groups; in each brain the arrangement of these groups is different. In macaca the lateral tuberal nucleus is a single elongated neuronal structure much less variable than in man. The human LTN is approximately ten times larger than that in macaca, but the number of neurons is only about four times higher due to a lower neuronal density. The lateral tuberal nucleus both of man and macaca is a homogenous neuronal population with a very low coefficient of variability of cross-section neuronal area (30% and 24% respectively). The size of neuronal bodies in the lateral tuberal nucleus is about 42% smaller in macaca than in man. However, the size of neuronal nuclei is slightly (15%) bigger and the nucleus/cell body area ratio is about twice as high in macaca as that in man (40% and 21% respectively).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The pathology of the claustrum in Galloway syndrome indicates the existence of claustro-entorhinal pathway.

The morphology of the claustrum in Galloway syndrome was investigated. Galloway syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease that causes microcephaly and is associated with kidney pathology. The brain examined was small, and the external surface of the hemispheres was lissencephalic, with an abnormal gyrification pattern. The whole cerebral cortex showed severe pathological changes, but the most affected area was the cortex lying on the medial aspect of the temporal lobe, especially the entorhinal cortex. In addition, the paraamygdalar and temporal parts of the claustrum were intensively changed. These results may confirm the opinion that the claustrum is a cortico-dependent structure and that the limbic cortex receives large projection from its ventral parts.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1992

Cytoarchitectonics of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract in the rat.

The cytoarchitectonics of the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) was studied on Nissl stained sections in 6 brains of adult Wistar rats by using morphometric methods. The neuronal density of layer III (11,866 +/- 547 mm-3) is on average about three times smaller than that of layer II (30,947 +/- 1110 mm-3). The average cross-section area of neurons in layer III (254.3 +/- 3.8 microns2) is about twice as large as that of neurons in layer II (115.8 +/- 0.8 microns2). The layer II is rather homogenous in contrast to layer III which possesses neurons of various size. Other morphometric parameters of layer II and III are also different.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Nucleus limitans thalami--comparative anatomical study.

Cyto- and myeloarchitectonics as well as acetylcholinesterase activity of the nucleus limitans thalami--an important part of the nociceptive system--were studied in insectivora (Sorex araneus, Erinaceus europaeus, Talpa europaeus), rat, rabbit, cat, monkey and man. Our results suggest that nucleus limitans is phylogenetically a rather new structure. In insectivora and in the rat we could not find any evident group of neurons resembling nucleus limitans. In the rabbit and cat nucleus limitans is composed of few layers of elongated cells. In macaca and man it is a larger, more complicated structure possessing various types of neurons, and arranged into many layers.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1987

Projections from the pretectothalamic border area to the somatosensory part of the claustrum: an autoradiographic study.

Injections of tritiated amino acid into the pretectothalamic border area of cats resulted in the appearance of numerous silver grains in the ipsilateral claustrum. The accumulation of grains was especially abundant in the dorsomedial area of the central part of the claustrum. These results indicate the presence of substantial projection from the pretectothalamic border area to the claustrum. It may be assumed that these projections belong to the somatosensory system, since they connect mainly di(mes)encephalic nuclei, receiving largely the somatosensory input, with the somatosensory part of the claustrum.

Amino Acids↗