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Biomedical subjects

J Moses

Publications and source records attributed to J Moses.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The roles of nitric oxide in sexual function of male rats.

Nitric oxide (NO) may mediate penile erection by inhibiting smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa, thereby allowing vasodilation of the corpora. In order to test the role of NO in the sexual function of intact male rats, either the precursor of NO (L-arginine, L-Arg) or an inhibitor of its synthesis (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, NAME) was administered systemically before tests of copulation, ex copula genital reflexes, or sexual motivation/motor activity. NAME impaired copulation in a dose dependent manner. It also decreased the number of ex copula erections, but it increased the number of ex copula seminal emissions and decreased the latency to the first seminal emission. L-Arg marginally increased the number of penile reflexes, but had no other effects. NAME had no effect on sexual motivation or motor activity. The results indicate that nitric oxide promotes erection in intact male rats, probably by mediating filling of the corpora cavernosa. The data also suggest that NO inhibits seminal emission, probably by decreasing sympathetic nervous system activity; this may help prevent premature ejaculation.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1994

A D1 agonist in the MPOA facilitates copulation in male rats.

The classic dopamine agonist apomorphine, microinjected into the medial preoptic area (MPOA), enhances the copulatory behavior of male rats, while pharmacological blockade of endogenous dopamine inhibits sexual behavior. We now report that MPOA injections of 10 micrograms of the selective D1 agonist dihydroxyphenyl-tetrahydrothienopyridine (THP) significantly increased the number of ejaculations, while decreasing the latency to ejaculate in a 30-min test. These effects were not observed following coadministration of the selective D1 antagonist SCH-23390 with 10 micrograms THP. This enhancement may be related to a D1-stimulated facilitation of penile erections.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Copulation increases dopamine activity in the medial preoptic area of male rats.

Dopamine (DA) metabolites in microdialysates from the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of male rats increased during copulation. These increases were not observed during eating of a highly palatable food, or if the animal failed to copulate, or if the microdialysis probe was anterior or dorsal to the MPOA. The only two animals with measurable serotonin (5-HT) levels while the female was present were also the only two that either failed to copulate or copulated but failed to ejaculate. These data are consistent with previous evidence for a facilitative role of MPOA DA in the control of male sexual behavior; however, 5-HT activity in the MPOA may impair copulation.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1992

Adjunctive thrombolytic therapy for angioplasty in ischemic rest angina: results of a double-blind randomized pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: A multicenter pilot study was instituted to assess the role of intracoronary thrombolytic therapy during angioplasty for ischemic rest angina. BACKGROUND: Acute thrombotic coronary occlusion is increased during angioplasty for unstable angina, and intracoronary thrombolytic agents have been used to maintain patency. Prophylactic use of intracoronary thrombolytic agents has been advocated in certain high risk subgroups, although no studies have randomized therapy. METHODS: Ninety-three patients with either unstable angina and pain at rest (trial A, 66 patients) or postinfarction pain at rest (trial B, 27 patients) were randomized in double-blind fashion to administration of either intracoronary urokinase, 150,000 U, or saline solution placebo given immediately before angioplasty. Cineangiograms of the culprit lesion were recorded and analyzed in blinded fashion by a core laboratory for definite or possible (haziness) filling defects 15 min after angioplasty or after acute closure. RESULTS: Urokinase decreased filling defects at 15 min after angioplasty in comparison with placebo (14% vs. 29%, respectively, p = 0.08). Four patients in each treatment group developed acute vessel closure. However, although urokinase significantly reduced the incidence of filling defects in trial A (3% vs. 23%, p = 0.03), the drug had no effect at the selected dose in trial B (42% vs. 43%, respectively). Acute vessel closure occurred significantly more frequently in trial B than in trial A, and urokinase at the selected dose also had no effect. Ischemic events after angioplasty appeared to be related more to dissection than to thrombosis, although redilation, which was more frequent after placebo administration, may have reduced their incidence as well as that of acute closure. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest a possible role for intracoronary urokinase during angioplasty for unstable angina. The lack of effect after infarction may represent a greater thrombus burden or degree of plaque disruption. A trial utilizing higher doses of urokinase in a larger patient group is in progress.

Angina, Unstable↗
PubMed1992

Opposite influence of medial preoptic D1 and D2 receptors on genital reflexes: implications for copulation.

Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors may synergize with or oppose each other's effects. We suggest that stimulation of D1 and D2 receptors in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of male rats have opposing effects on genital reflexes. In Experiment 1 a D1 agonist injected into the MPOA increased the number of ex copula erections but decreased the number of seminal emissions. In Experiment 2 a D1 antagonist had the opposite effects (decreased erections and increased seminal emissions), as had a D2 agonist previously. We also suggest that D1 and D2 mechanisms in the MPOA have different thresholds of activation. In Experiment 3 a low dose of the mixed D1/D2 agonist apomorphine increased erections and anteroflexions, an effect blocked by the D1 antagonist. In Experiments 3 and 4 a high dose of apomorphine increased seminal emissions, an effect blocked by the D2 antagonist. Thus, low levels of dopaminergic stimulation may facilitate erections and anteroflexions (controlled by the parasympathetic system and striated muscles) via D1 receptors; higher or more prolonged stimulation may shift to seminal emission (controlled by the sympathetic system) via D2 receptors. This may explain the progression from erectile to ejaculatory mechanisms during copulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Dopamine receptors in the ventral tegmental area affect motor, but not motivational or reflexive, components of copulation in male rats.

Microinjection of apomorphine into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of male rats was previously shown to delay the onset of copulation and slow its rate, presumably by stimulating impulse-regulating autoreceptors on cell bodies of the A10 mesocorticolimbic dopamine tract. Such stimulation would be expected to slow the firing rate of these neurons and, thereby, to impair locomotion and/or motivational processes. The present experiments tested whether the delayed onset and slowed rate of copulation were related to deficits in motor performance, sexual motivation, and/or genital reflexes. In X-maze tests the speed of running to all 4 goal boxes was slowed; however, the percentage of trials on which the male chose the female's goal box was not decreased. Examination of videotaped copulation tests revealed that the male showed fewer complete copulatory behaviors (mounts, intromissions, and ejaculations), but more misdirected or incomplete copulatory attempts after apomorphine in the VTA. There were also fewer scores of active, as opposed to inactive, behaviors, and the onset and rate of copulation were slowed. The total number of female directed behaviors was not different in apomorphine tests, compared to vehicle. Finally, tests of ex copula genital reflexes revealed no significant effects of apomorphine in the VTA on erections, penile movements, or seminal emissions. These data suggest a role of the VTA in the motor aspects and/or sensorimotor integration of copulation. Sexual motivation and ex copula genital reflexes appeared to be unaffected by apomorphine in the VTA.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

D2 receptors in the paraventricular nucleus regulate genital responses and copulation in male rats.

The D2 dopamine receptor agonist quinelorane (LY-163502), microinjected into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN), affected genital response of restrained supine male rats in a biphasic dose-dependent fashion. A moderate dose (1 microgram) facilitated penile responses (intense erections and penile movements), and decreased the latency to the first response. A high dose of quinelorane (10 micrograms) facilitated seminal emission while inhibiting penile responses. The addition of the D1 antagonist SCH-23390 to the 1 microgram dose of quinelorane potentiated quinelorane's increase in seminal emission. We suggest that D1 receptors in the PVN may be antagonistic to D2 receptor-mediated seminal emission, and possibly also penile responses. In copulation tests 1 microgram quinelorane decreased mount latency, whereas 10 micrograms quinelorane increased mount and intromission latencies and slowed copulatory rate. Both 1 and 10 micrograms quinelorane, and also 1 and 10 micrograms of the mixed D1 and D2 agonist apomorphine, decreased the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Temporomandibular joint surgery.

This article reviews the spectrum of temporomandibular joint surgery. Indications for surgical treatment are discussed. Techniques are presented in an orderly fashion, from simple to complex. Preoperative and postoperative care are reviewed.

Arthroplasty↗
PubMed1990

Age-related differences in cardiovascular reactions to mental stress tests in women.

Tested 84 healthy, sedentary women in the laboratory during performance of difficult and easy problem-solving tasks. They were divided into three age groups: 19 to 32 years, 33 to 43 years, and 44 to 60 years (n = 28 women per group). Baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure increased with age, whereas skin conductance level was lower in older women. In addition, initial SBP reactions to tasks were positively related to age, even after controlling for baseline blood pressure, aerobic fitness, and Framingham Type A Scale behavior scores. There were no differences in heart rate (HR) or "additional" HR reactions, so the anticipated decline in cardiac sympathetic response with age was not observed. The mechanisms underlying age-related reactions to mental stress are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Candidal meningitis following bacterial meningitis.

Patients with bacterial meningitis and posttraumatic and/or postsurgical access to the CSF are at risk for superinfection with Candida species. Patients who are not improving on appropriate antimicrobial chemotherapy for bacterial meningitis or are deteriorating after initial improvement should have a CSF reexamination for Candida superinfection.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Aerobic fitness, physical activity, and psychophysiological reactions to mental tasks.

The association between aerobic fitness, exercise, and psychophysiological reactivity was assessed in cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Seventy-five healthy but sedentary adults carried out a sub-maximal exercise test and easy and difficult problem solving tasks. Blood pressure, heart rate, skin conductance level, respiration rate, tidal volume, and oxygen consumption were monitored and additional heart rate was also computed. Differences between relatively fit and unfit individuals were found in respiration rate during tasks and in skin conductance level during post-task recovery periods, with a tendency toward diminished heart rate reactivity in fitter people. Subjects were subsequently allocated to four conditions: high intensity aerobic training, moderate intensity aerobic training, an undemanding strength and flexibility program (designed as an attention-placebo condition), and waiting list control. Training programs were conducted over a 10-week period, and were followed by a second laboratory session. Appropriate changes in aerobic performance over the training period were observed in the 12-min run/walk test. There were no important modifications in psychophysiological stress reactions associated with the different experimental conditions. These results are discussed in relation to the literature concerning the effects of fitness and physical activity on physiological response patterns.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The effects of exercise training on mood and perceived coping ability in anxious adults from the general population.

A comparison was carried out of the psychological effects of a moderate aerobic training programme (n = 24) and an attention-placebo strength and flexibility training programme (n = 23) in previously inactive anxious adults from the general population. Training consisted of one supervised and three unsupervised sessions per week for 10 weeks. Effects were assessed with the Profile of Mood States, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and questionnaires indexing perceived coping ability. Seven participants dropped out of each condition during the training period. Expectations of benefit assessed pre-training, and satisfaction assessed post-training, did not differ between conditions. The moderate exercise programme led to significant improvements in aerobic fitness, and was associated with significantly greater reductions in tension-anxiety, depression and other moods than the attention-placebo condition, together with increases in perceived ability to cope with stress. Psychological responses were not correlated with changes in fitness assessed with bicycle ergometry or the 12 min walk/run test. These effects were maintained on 3 month follow up.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

The effects of exercise training on mental well-being in the normal population: a controlled trial.

This study was designed to compare the effects of two aerobic training programmes of differing intensities on mood and mental well-being with those of a credible attention-placebo condition. One hundred and nine sedentary adult volunteers from the local population were assigned to four conditions: high intensity aerobic training, moderate intensity aerobic training, attention-placebo and waiting list. Training was carried out over a 10 week period. Subjects were assessed before and after training with psychological measures and the 12 min walk-run test, and follow-up evaluations were undertaken after 3 months. Ninety-four subjects began the programme and the adherence rate averaged 80%, with no significant differences in number of drop-outs between conditions. Appropriate changes in estimated maximum oxygen consumption were observed in the three active conditions with the 12 min walk-run test. Psychological benefits were seen with the moderate exercise condition but not in the high exercise or attention-placebo conditions. These effects were manifest immediately after training on measures of tension/anxiety and confusion, and at follow-up on measures of perceived coping ability. The mechanisms underlying this pattern of results are discussed and the relative importance for health of vigorous activity and physical fitness is considered.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Calcium does not act as a second messenger for adrenergic and cholinergic agonists in corneal epithelial cells.

The role of changes in intracellular [Ca2+]i as a second messenger in response to either adrenergic or cholinergic agonists was determined in isolated bovine corneal epithelial cells. [Ca2+]i was measured in suspensions of cells loaded with either of the fluorescent indicators quin2 or indo-1, as well as in single cells loaded with fura-2. Fluorescence from the cell suspensions was measured in a spectrofluorometer while single cell fluorescence was measured using a modified fluorescence microscope with a photon counting photometer. Cells were loaded with these dyes by incubation in Ringer's (pH 8.1) containing 2-50 microM of the acetoxymethyl ester of the indicator. Fluorescence was measured before and after exposure to either, one of the adrenergic agonists isoproterenol, phenylephrine or epinephrine, or the cholinergic agonist carbachol. The resting [Ca2+]i level from the quin2 experiments was 115 nM +/- 41 nM (SEM) (n = 23) whereas with fura-2 it was 71 +/- 10 nM (n = 30). In no case did we see any change in [Ca2+]i within 15 min after addition of any agonist but we were able to observe increased calcium when 0.5 microM ionomycin was added to either the same or untreated cells. The disparity in the resting levels determined by the two methods may result from various calibration problems. Our results indicate that changes in [Ca2+]i have no second messenger role in response to these agonists.

Aminoquinolines↗