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Biomedical subjects

J Mulder

Publications and source records attributed to J Mulder.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Characteristics of asthmatics using an urban accident and emergency department.

The demographic characteristics of patients attending the Middlemore Hospital accident and emergency department with asthma were studied prospectively over a 3 month period. Pacific Islanders and Maoris used A & E more and were more frequently admitted because of asthma than Europeans (p less than 0.0001). Independent of race, patients living in close proximity were more likely to attend A & E and to be admitted than patients living distant from hospital (p less than 0.0001). When compared with asthmatics referred by a general practitioner, self-referred asthmatics attended more frequently out of hours (p less than 0.05) and were disproportionately of lower socioeconomic classes (p less than 0.01). Eighty two percent of asthmatics perceived A&E as the most appropriate place to have their acute attacks managed. The demographic characteristics of those using A & E suggests that there are attitudinal, organisational and financial barriers to primary health care in the community which may have contributed to a shift from community to hospital based management of acute asthma, and this may explain some of the increase in hospital admissions for asthma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Trends in the use of an urban accident and emergency department by asthmatics.

To examine the possible relationship between the increase in asthma admission rates and the use of the accident and emergency department (A & E) for the management of asthma, a retrospective study of asthma admissions and A & E attendances was undertaken at Middlemore Hospital. Admission rates for adult asthma doubled between 1974 and 1985 (p less than 0.001). Yearly A & E attendance rates for adult asthma also doubled between 1977 (when data collection began) and 1985 (p less than 0.01), and could be largely explained on the basis of increased reattendance (p less than 0.001). These trends suggest that the hospital is being used in a primary care role for the treatment of acute asthma and that self-referral is encouraged. A dependence on A & E by frequent attenders may be a barrier to nonacute ongoing medical care in the community and may lead to the seeking of care for attacks later than if a general practitioner (GP) was used. Dependence on and attendance at A & E may lead to an increased risk of admission and thus may have contributed to the increase in the admission rate for asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Review of the clinical trials activity of the Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer.

Despite the low incidence of sarcomas, the Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group has established itself as one of the more active cooperative groups of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Performing over a 10 yr period three phase III protocols (total entry 750 patients), three randomized phase II studies (464 patients), a pilot combination study (185 patients), and 12 phase II studies (406 patients). The new randomized phase III protocol for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma will provide an interesting test of the validity of the current membership policy, which has not discouraged the participation of enthusiastic new members. For extremity sarcomas, improved surgical techniques have increased the number of patients retaining functional limbs but have maintained excellent rates of local control. However, systemic metastasis remains a significant problem and presents a challenge for future adjuvant studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Characterization of immunoglobulin A kappa autoantibodies to human lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-3.

We have purified with a cumulative recovery of 48% from the serum of a patient the immunoglobulin A kappa subunit of the lactate dehydrogenase-immunoglobulin A kappa (LD-IgA kappa) complex. It appears that the pI range of the complex is 5.4-5.8. The Ig part of the complex showed a monoclonal character, and the complex exhibited a 1:2 molar ratio of the Ig to the LD isoenzyme. From reconstitution experiments by two different methods we concluded that LD-3 is essential for restoring the original complex. Additional studies showed a recombination of the IgA kappa with both autologous and homologous LD-3, and a binding of LD-3 at the Fab region of the Ig. The estimated value of the affinity constant (Keq) was 2.1 X 10(9) liters/mol. Analysis of the specific LD-3-binding IgA kappa concentrations in the sera of five cases revealed a broad range of the individual immune response. Our first quantitative data on the lymphocyte subpopulations revealed a significantly increased OKT4/OKT8 ratio due to a reduction in the absolute number of T suppressor cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Industrial democracy. The Victorian health sector experience.

There is growing evidence to suggest that the principles of industrial democracy have been adopted by two of the major players in the delivery of health care, namely, the unions and the Labor Government. The opportunity now exists for health service administrators to manage participatively the introduction of this relatively new concept. For this participation to be effective there must be an improvement in the current level of understanding by health service managers of employee participation techniques and initiatives.

Australia↗
PubMed1983

Partial characterization, properties, and clinical significance of a lactate dehydrogenase-immunoglobulin A kappa complex in serum.

The existence of a lactate dehydrogenase-immunoglobulin A kappa complex was demonstrated as a marked increase of lactate dehydrogenase activity at the lactate dehydrogenase-3 band in the agar-agarose gel-electrophoresis pattern of sera from seven patients from an unselected group of 21 800 patients. The complex was isolated, in an almost pure form, by gel filtration and affinity chromatography, from the serum of a patient with circulating hepatitis B surface antigen. The complex had a relative molecular mass (Mr) of approximately 445 000 as determined by gel filtration. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate in the absence of reducing agents showed the presence of two subunit bands with Mr 170 000 and 34 000. We therefore propose that the native complex consists of one monomeric immunoglobulin A kappa linked to two tetrameric lactate dehydrogenase molecules. The enzymic activity of the complex is probably from lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-5.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Isolation and characterization of genomic clones covering the chicken vitellogenin gene.

A series of overlapping recombinant clones, which cover the vitellogenin gene, has been isolated from a phage-lambda linked chicken gene library. The DNA of the overlapping clones spans 28 kb of contiguous DNA sequences in the chicken genome. Electron microscopic analysis of hybrids between vitellogenin mRNA and the genomic clones indicates that the chicken vitellogenin gene has a length of approximately 22 kb, about 3.8 times the size of the mRNA. The mRNA sequence is interrupted by at least 33 intervening sequences (introns). Comparison with the vitellogenin gene A2 from Xenopus laevis (Wahli et al., 1980, Cell 20: 107-117) indicates conservation of the number and length of the exons during evolution. Heteroduplex analysis reveals a short stretch of sequence homology between the genes from chicken and frog.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Estradiol-induced vitellogenin synthesis in duck liver.

We have studied the induction of vitellogenin by estradiol in duck liver. From the accumulation of vitellogenin in blood plasma we calculated that the rate of vitellogenin synthesis increases linearly with time for about 4 days after estradiol administration. Vitellogenin from chicken and duck cross-react immunologically and their mRNAs show only 7% sequence divergence. We could therefore determine vitellogenin mRNA content of duck liver using chicken vitellogenin cDNA as a hybridization probe. The number of vitellogenin mRNA molecules per hepatocyte increases from less than one in normal duck liver to 18 000 at 4 days after estradiol injection. The rate of vitellogenin synthesis in vivo is roughly proportional to vitellogenin mRNA content, although the data suggest a somewhat enhanced translation of vitellogenin mRNA at later times after hormone administration. Vitellogenin mRNA levels had returned to control values after 4 weeks after hormone administration. In the first 11 h after secondary administration of hormone vitellogenin mRNA accumulates at an only slightly higher rate than is observed after primary hormonal stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Translation in vivo and in vitro of mRNAs coding for vitellogenin, serum albumin and very-low-density lipoprotein II from chicken liver. A difference in translational efficiency.

Characterisation of polysomes from estrogenized chicken liver revealed that very-low-density lipoprotein II (VLDLII), serum albumin and vitellogenin mRNAs are differently packed with ribosomes during translation in vivo. Tne ribosome density per number of nucleotides is high for VLDLII mRNA, intermediate for serum albumin mRNA and low for vitellogenin mRNA. This difference in ribosomal load is maintained throughout the period of hormone effect. The differential utilisation observed for vitellogenin and VLDLII mRNAs partly explains the large difference in molar production rate between these yolk protein precursors. Translation properties and efficiency of the three hepatic mRNAs were also compared in the mRNA-depleted reticulocyte lysate. Elongation of the nascent chains for vitellogenin and serum albumin proceeded in a discontinuous fashion. Initiation in vitro was studied at varying ionic strengths, in the presence of aurintricarboxylic acid, and at suboptimal hemin concentrations. VLDLII mRNA expression is by far the most resistant to 7-methylguanosine 5'-triphosphate (m7GTP) and high salt concentrations, vitellogenin mRNA the least. This behaviour resembles the differential utilisation of the mRNAs in vivo. The putative structural basis of these differences is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

A comparative study on estradiol receptor assays in human breast cancer tissue.

Standard dextran-coated charcoal assays for measuring the estrogen receptor content in human breast cancer tissue are compared. A single-point assay, using the estrogen antagonist nafoxidine as competitive inhibitor, showed good qualitative agreement with a three-point Scatchard plot assay, using radio-inert estrogen to assess the non-specific binding. Based on statistically evaluated dividing points, 116 (66.3%) of the 175 analysed primary tumor specimens were positive in the single-point assay compared to 121 (69.1%) in the Scatchard plot assay. Use of the additional dissociation constants in the evaluation of the Scatchard plot assay data gives a complete qualitative agreement between the two assays. We conclude that, in spite of the lack of specific controls inherent in the Scatchard plot assay, the single-point assay using diethylstilbestrol instead of nafoxidine is equally useful, especially if biopsy specimens are too small to provide the larger number of aliquots necessary for multiple steroid receptor analyses. Factors affecting the quantitative differences between the two assays are discussed.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1979

The mechanism of lysine-vasopressin hemostasis in bleeding esophageal varices.

The effect of vasopressin on the blood flow through experimentally induced esophageal varices and on the musculature of the lower end of the esophagus has been studied. The blood flow was measured by 85Kr injection into the portal vein and selective recording of the radioactivity of the blood flow through the varices. Simultaneous portography and recording of the portal and arterial blood pressure were performed. Following i.v. administration of vasopressin, there was seen a decrease in portal pressure and transient increase in arterial blood pressure. Simultaneously there was observed a decrease in blood flow through the varices, which were no longer visible at portography, while intra-esophageal pressure was increased. It is concluded that there is a dual mechanism of the effect of vasopressin on bleeding from esophageal varices. It reduces the portal pressure and it contracts the esophageal musculature with resultant compression of the afferent radicles to the submucosal esophageal varices.

Animals↗