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Biomedical subjects

J Mulder

Publications and source records attributed to J Mulder.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding and type of tooth cleaning device in a Tanzanian child population in 1984, 1986 and 1988.

In 1984, 1986 and 1988 a mixed-longitudinal study was carried out to determine the prevalence of plaque, calculus, gingival bleeding and type of tooth cleaning device amongst school children in Morogoro, Tanzania. The background parameters considered were age, geographical location and sex. The reproducibility of the methods of diagnosis was assessed. In general, more children possessed a chewing stick than a toothbrush, except urban children. The prevalence of visible plaque decreased and the prevalence of calculus increased with increasing age. Gingival bleeding was not age-dependent. Urban children had significantly more surfaces covered with visible plaque, but had a significantly lower prevalence of calculus, than rural children. Boys showed a significantly higher prevalence of visible plaque and calculus than girls. In the majority of those with gingival bleeding, only 1 of the 6 examined papillae was involved, most often the mesio-lingual papilla of the 3.6. The children had not been subjected to organized oral health care and professional intervention. The findings of the study indicate the need for organized school-based oral hygiene programmes in the area in order to improve the periodontal health of these children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Objective and subjective need for cosmetic dentistry in the Dutch adult population.

In order to assess the objective and subjective need for cosmetic dentistry in the Dutch adult population in 1986 a stratified sample of 2784 dentate persons, aged 15-74 yr, participated in the study. The aesthetics of anterior teeth and first premolars in the maxillary mandibular arch were determined by dental examiners as well as by the examinees. According to the dental examiners 16-63% of the people in the age range from 15 to 74 yr were in need of cosmetic dental care. Based on the patient's opinion (subjective need) these percentages varied between 18 and 40% in the different age groups. The discrepancy between the objective and subjective assessment in the percentage of people in need of cosmetic dental care increased with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need of 15-74-year-old Dutch adults.

In 1986 a nationwide dental survey was performed in the Netherlands. This article describes the prevalence of dentofacial anomalies in the age group 15-74 yr, as well as the subjective and objective need for orthodontic treatment. The main findings were: severe crowding in the mandible was found in approximately 15%; an Angle Class II situation was seen in 28%; a maxillary overjet of greater than 5 mm was found in 23%; orthodontic treatment had or was being performed in approximately 25%; 45% of orthodontic treatment was carried out by a general practitioner; using professionally defined need, 39% of the population required treatment whereas only 14% of the people felt that this treatment was necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Trends in caries prevalence in 5-, 7- and 11-year-old schoolchildren in The Hague between 1969 and 1989.

Starting in 1969, periodic cross-sectional examinations of schoolchildren have been carried out in the city of The Hague. In 1989 the periodic examinations were continued and, in general, caries prevalence was found to be very low; D3MFS values ranged between 1.5 and 2.2 at age 11.8 years. Compared to 1984, 5-year-old-children of low and medium socio-economic levels (SES) in 1989 had significantly higher d3mfs values (p less than 0.01), mainly due to a marked increase in decayed surfaces per child; a significant increase in caries experience of the deciduous dentition amongst 7-year-olds of low social level was found (p less than 0.01). A further reduction of D3MFS values for 7-year-old children of low and medium SES could be observed in 1989 compared to 1984. Between 1978 and 1989 a marked D3MFS reductions amongst 11-year-olds in the three social levels was found. Possible explanations for the observed differences in caries experience between 1984 and 1989 are discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Secretory IgA adsorption and oral streptococcal adhesion to human enamel and artificial solid substrata with various surface free energies.

In this paper, secretory IgA adsorption from a single component sIgA solution and from human whole saliva onto human enamel and artificial solid substrata with various surface free energies was studied as a function of time. ELISA indicated that screening or displacement of adsorbed sIgA by other salivary proteins occurred only on low surface free energy substrata, not on high surface free energy substrata such as enamel. In addition, the adhesion of three oral streptococcal strains (Streptococcus mitis BMS, S. sanguis 12, and S. mutans NS), also having widely different surface free energies, to sIgA-coated surfaces was studied. The adhesion of all three streptococcal strains was significantly reduced in the presence of a sIgA coating. However, ranking the adhesion data with respect to the various substrata revealed a similar order to that in the case of uncoated substrata, indicating that substratum properties were at least partly transferred by the adsorbed protein film to the interface with adhering micro-organisms. For S. sanguis 12 and S. mitis BMS, adhesion decreased proportionally with the amounts of sIgA detected by ELISA, but for S. mutans NS such relations with the amounts of sIgA detected on the protein-coated substrata were not found. Thus, for S. mutans NS a specific antibody effect seems to exist in addition to a non-specific protein effect like that observed for S. sanguis 12 and S. mitis BMS.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1991

[Trends in dental caries among five- and seven-year-old school children in The Hague. Is the caries prevalence among the young changing?].

Starting in 1969 cohort examinations on schoolchildren are carried out in the city of The Hague. In 1989 the periodical examinations were continued. Compared to 1984, five-year-old children of low and medium SES had in 1989 significantly higher d3mfs values, mainly due to a marked increase in decayed surface per child; a significant increase in caries experience of the deciduous dentition amongst seven-year-olds of low social level was found. A further reduction of D3MFS values for seven-year-old children of low and medium SES could be observed in 1989 compared to 1984. Compared to children of Dutch origin, children of ethnic minorities (Turkey and Marokko) had a significantly higher caries experience.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Emergency room care of asthmatics: a comparison between Auckland and Toronto.

We compared emergency room visits for the treatment of asthma in two large downtown teaching hospitals: one in Auckland, New Zealand and one in Toronto, Canada. We wished to determine whether the differences in asthma mortality between New Zealand and Canada were reflected in different patterns of emergency room use or physician management. Emergency room use during the past decade was enumerated in both hospitals, and charts containing the sole diagnosis of asthma were reviewed in detail for a defined study period in 1986. In both Toronto and Auckland, the number of emergency visits for asthma had increased significantly in the past decade (P less than .015 but the rate of rise was significantly higher in Auckland (P less than .05). In Auckland, 27% of asthmatics were admitted whereas in Toronto significantly fewer (16%) were admitted (P less than .0005). Objective measures of pulmonary function were documented more frequently by emergency room physicians in New Zealand than in Canada (90% versus 48%; P less than .0005). Pulmonary function measurement was primarily by peak flow meter in Auckland and most commonly by spirometer in Toronto so that pulmonary function measurements could not be compared directly between centers. In both centers, however, admitted patients had significantly lower pulmonary function indices than discharged patients. In New Zealand, mean peak flow was 38% of the predicted value among all asthmatics assessed; in Toronto, mean FEV1 was 47% of predicted. In Toronto, pulmonary function measurements were most likely to be missing among presumably healthier discharged patients. Pulse rate, respiratory rate, and pulsus paradoxus were documented more consistently in Auckland than in Toronto.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Caries prevalence in Dutch elderly people.

In 1986 a nationwide oral survey was carried out in the Netherlands. One of the aims of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral diseases in adults. The present paper describes the prevalence of coronal and root caries in elderly Dutch subjects (45-74 years). The oldest age group (65-74 years) had, on average, the least number of teeth remaining; the posterior oral segment contained fewer teeth than the anterior segment. The anterior segment had the higher percentage of teeth with coronal caries and the posterior segment a higher percentage of filled teeth. The reverse was the case for root caries; a higher percentage of teeth had root caries in the posterior segment and the anterior segment a higher percentage of filled teeth.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Prevalence of dental caries in 7-13-yr-old children in Morogoro District, Tanzania, in 1984, 1986, and 1988.

A 4-yr mixed-longitudinal study to determine the prevalence of caries in 7-13-yr-old Tanzanian children was started in 1984. The parameters considered were age, locality, Socio-Economic Status, and sex. Locality was composed of urban (Morogoro town), rural (Morogoro District), and rural areas in the District with an average fluoride level of 0.5 ppm or more in all drinking water present. SES was established based on the occupation of the father or mother and on housing conditions. Overall, the reproducibility of the dental conditions studied (D2MT/S and D3MT/S) was high, with lower scores for the conditions including early enamel lesions (D3MT/S). The reproducibility of the SES scoring system was high (kappa = 0.96 and kappa = 0.90), but the association over the 2 yr of measurement (1984 and 1988) was weak (r = 0.50). There were no restorations found. The percentage of children with caries increased with increasing age from 12-17% at age 7 to 37% at age 13. The statistical tests (ANOVA) revealed an age effect for all conditions studied in 1984, 1986, and 1988 and a locality effect in 1988 only. The mean D3MT-scores varied between 0.15 and 0.24 at age 7 to 0.76 at age 13, while the mean D3MS-scores varied between 0.27 and 0.31 at age 7 to 1.18 at age 13. In general, the caries prevalence observed was low. Children living in naturally fluoridated rural areas had significantly lower caries scores than children in non-fluoridated areas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Improved purification of human lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-3 and studies with its fluorescein isothiocyanate and biotin conjugates.

Lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzyme-3 (LD-3) has been isolated in milligram quantities from human erythrocytes. Using an improved procedure--which involves complete hemolysis of the erythrocytes, diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Sephacel column chromatography, and 5'-AMP-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography--we obtained 23,000-fold purified isoenzyme from the crude hemolysate (overall yield about 90%). The final product was homogeneous on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and had a specific activity of about 435 kU/g. Its amino acid composition is presented. With the eventual aim to make visible and isolate IgA kappa antibody-secreting B lymphocytes, we developed reproducible methods for preparing fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer-1-conjugated LD-3 with a fluorescein/LD-3 molar ratio between 1.3 and 3.3, and biotinylated LD-3 with a biotin/LD-3 molar ratio between 1.3 and 2.5. In evaluating the stability of these two conjugates, we determined that they still can react with IgA kappa to form the IgA kappa (LD-3)2 complex.

Affinity Labels↗
PubMed1989

Reasons for racial differences in A & E attendance rates for asthma.

To determine whether racial differences in the severity of asthma accounted for the higher accident and emergency department (A & E) use by Pacific Islanders and Maoris, a study of A & E users at Middlemore Hospital and of asthmatics using urgent medical services was undertaken. Europeans reported more daytime symptoms of asthma (p less than 0.0005) and were on more medications (p less than 0.005) than Pacific Islanders, with Maoris intermediate (ns). Relative to the perceived severity of their asthma, both Maoris and Pacific Islanders lost more time from work or school and used hospital services more than European asthmatics using A & E. The increased use of A & E by Maori and Pacific Island asthmatics seemed not attributable to the intrinsic severity of their asthma and was better explained by ethnic, socioeconomic and sociocultural factors. Pacific Islanders had less self management skills and, like Maoris, were less likely to be on prophylactic medications relative to oral bronchodilator use and these factors likely contributed to their increased morbidity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of vertical food-trough dividers on the feeding and agonistic behaviour of layer hens.

1. Opaque, vertical dividers were used to create either one or two feeding spaces in front of each cage. Three hens were housed in each 310 x 510 mm cage. 2. The effects of these dividers on feeding, extending head out of the cage front and agonistic behaviour were compared with undivided areas. Body weights were also recorded. 3. Compared with controls (unmodified feeding space), birds with two feeding spaces per cage spent less time feeding and head out, had fewer feeding bouts, received fewer agonistic head pecks overall and weighed less at the end of lay. 4. Access to the food trough was through 5 spaces separated by the vertical wire divisions of the cage front. Regardless of treatment group, most activity at the cage front occurred through the second space in from either side of the cage. 5. The data are discussed in relation to the social controls which may affect trough use, the potential for improving cage design by modifying the design of the feeding area, and the validity of research trials which use food trough dividers to separate treatment groups.

Aggression↗
PubMed1989

The effect of sugar cane chewing on the development of dental caries.

In Tanzania, the effect of sugar cane chewing on the development of caries was investigated. Two groups were selected; those who had easy access to sugar cane (sugar cane cutters) and those who did not (sisal plant workers). These groups had a similar socio-economic background, had similar levels of fluoride in drinking water, consumed similar amounts of refined sugar per day, but had a significant difference in number of pieces of sugar cane chewed per day. The caries prevalence in both groups was low compared with that in adult populations in Western countries. Sugar cane cutters had significantly higher mean DMT/S scores than sisal plant workers. Analysis of Variance revealed a weakly significant effect of sugar cane chewing on the caries scores (p = 0.02 from DMT and p = 0.05 for DMS). Results of the study suggest that sugar cane chewing in large quantities over a long period has a caries-promoting effect in populations with a low caries prevalence, and further, that sugar sales figures reported for such populations are of questionable reliability.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Oral health status of employees in sugar and sisal estates in Tanzania.

Adults aged 25-54 years residing in a sugar and a sisal estate in Tanzania were examined dentally. The mean DMFT score for sugar cane cutters, clerical employees and sisal plant workers was 3.5, 3.1 and 2.0 respectively. Plaque, calculus and gingival bleeding were observed in 53-98%, 45-79% and 13-30% of the surfaces examined, respectively. It is concluded from this study that, in the age groups of Tanzanians studied, most teeth are lost as a result of caries.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Combination of cisplatin, vindesine, and dacarbazine in advanced malignant melanoma. A Phase II Study of the EORTC Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group.

A Phase II study combining cisplatin, vindesine, and dacarbazine was performed on patients with disseminated malignant melanoma by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group (MMCG). The treatment consisted of intravenous administrations of dacarbazine 450 mg/m2, vindesine 3 mg/m2, and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on day 1 and 8 of each course. Courses were repeated every 4 weeks. Treatment was discontinued in case of progression after two courses, otherwise continued until progression or for a minimum of six courses. One hundred five patients entered the trial with 92 patients being evaluable. The response rate calculated after clearance by the Extramural Review Committee shows four complete and 18 partial responses, i.e., 24%, with a median remission duration of 23 weeks. Toxicity and subjective tolerance to this regimen were moderate, requiring 140 modifications of 642 administrations (22%). Main toxicities were nausea and vomiting (95%), leucopenia (70%), alopecia (56%), peripheral neuropathy (32%), and nephrotoxicity (17%). The discussion emphasizes some particular points of interest in the management of advanced malignant melanoma.

Actuarial Analysis↗