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Biomedical subjects

J Novák

Publications and source records attributed to J Novák.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Evaluation of results of cataract surgery in patients 90 years and older (in a group of long-lived individuals)].

In a group of 71 patients with cataract aged 90 years or more operated between July 1 1997 and December 31 1998 at the Ophthalmological Clinic, Faculty Hospital Hradec Králové (operations of 79 eyes) a modified questionnaire was used based on VF 14, to assess the benefit of cataract surgery in patients of this age. Replies were obtained only from 38 questionnaires, completed by the patient with the assistance of relatives. Fourteen questionnaires were supplemented by a letter where the relatives described their view on the benefit of the operation for the patient. To the remainder the questionnaire could not be delivered. Improvement of the quality of life after surgery was recorded in 32 instances, once deterioration and four times the condition did not change. The majority of patients (33, i.e. 87%) would, if there was an opportunity have the operation again, while four patients would not have it and one patient did not know. Two of four patients who would not have another operation had severe senile macular degeneration (SMD) of the fundus, another two suffer in addition to SMD from glaucoma (G) with loss of visual functions already before surgery. The questionnaire method gives a better idea of the benefit of surgery for the patient than mere evaluation of visual acuity. From the results ensues that it is necessary to pay special attention to indications for surgery in patients with severe SMD and indicate surgery very carefully also in other complicating diseases in view of the higher risk of the operation. Patients of this age take a poor effect of cataract surgery very badly, while, on the other hand, a successful operation leads to general improvement of their condition and they respond very favourably.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

[Use of 5-fluorouracil in trabeculectomy].

The cytostatic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is used at present in the postoperative treatment of glaucoma. In 1993-6 we administered by the subconjunctival route at the Ophthalmological Clinic in Hradec Králové 5-FU to a group of 158 eyes after trabeculectomy (TE). The basic indication was ingrowth of the filtration vesicle or a rise of intraocular tension to 20 torr and more in 148 eyes. Preventively 5-FU was administered during operation during revisions of TE in 10 eyes. In the mentioned group with an unfavourable course of postoperative scar formation in the wound we achieved during the investigation period of two years after surgery normalization of the intraocular pressure to less than 16 torr without further treatment (we consider the value and condition without treatment as the optimal condition) in 37% of cases and in 81% less than 20 torr with treatment. Side-effects of administration of 5-FU (most frequently erosion of the corneal epithelium were transient. For the mentioned indications 5-FU appears, being a cytostatic where the dosage can be exact, sufficiently safe for administration and it exerts an optimal effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Retrolenticular lens fragments--a problem of phacoemulsification?].

In a group of 100 consecutive operations of cataract by the method of phacoemulsification in 1998 in 9% penetration of fragments of lenticular material into the retrolenticular space was observed. It is a less frequent associated phenomenon of phacoemulsification. It provides evidence of the possible penetration of larger particles through the relatively intact suspensory apparatus. The authors did not observe an association of the phenomenon with clinical complications.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

[Small-cell carcinoma of the prostate].

Small cell carcinoma of the prostate (SCCP) is a rare entity. A literature review disclosed less than 150 cases. SCCP has an aggressive course and both local and distant failure is common. The optimal treatment method has not been clearly established. We review our experience with 7 patients paying attention to clinical and pathological details. Three patients had mixed tumors of both SCCP and adenocarcinoma, three had pure adenocarcinomas that occurred as small cell carcinoma and one patient had pure small cell carcinoma. All patients progressed locally and developed distant metastasis. We recommend the use of hormonal manipulation and combination of chemotherapy, as well as surgery and/or radiation therapy of the prostate for local control and we emphasize that histologic entity is important for proper treatment.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1998

[Treatment of localized carcinoma of the prostate].

Review of the treatment of localized prostate cancer. The major attention is devoted to the surgical treatment. The radical retropubic prostatectomy is used most frequently. Problems of the indication, anatomical foundations and the technique of the surgery are discussed. The radical perineal prostatectomy is used less frequently. The radiation therapy is an alternative to the surgical treatment. The radiation therapy is recommended by urologists in patients, for whom is this treatment considered as more advantageous.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1998

Genetic and biochemical analysis of mutacin 1140, a lantibiotic from Streptococcus mutans.

Streptococcus mutans JH1000 and its derivatives were previously shown (J. D. Hillman, K. P. Johnson, and B. I. Yaphe, Infect. Immun. 44:141-144, 1984) to produce a low-molecular-weight, broad-spectrum bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS). The thermosensitive vector pTV1-OK harboring Tn917 was used to isolate a BLIS-deficient mutant, DM25, and the mutated gene was recovered by shotgun cloning in Escherichia coli. Sequence analysis of insert DNA adjacent to Tn917 led to the identification of four open reading frames including two (lanA and lanB) which have substantial homology to the Staphylococcus epidermidis structural gene (epiA) and a modifying enzyme gene (epiB) for biosynthesis of the lantibiotic epidermin, respectively. Although the BLIS activity could not be recovered from broth cultures, high yields were obtained from a solid medium consisting of Todd-Hewitt broth containing 0.5% agarose that was stab inoculated with JH1140 (a spontaneous mutant of JH1000 that produces threefold-elevated amounts of activity). Agar could not substitute for agarose. Chloroform extraction of the spent medium produced a fraction which yielded two major bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The faster-migrating band was absent in chloroform extracts of the mutant, DM25. The amino acid sequence of this band was determined by Edman sequencing and mass spectroscopy. The results showed that it is a lantibiotic, which we have named mutacin 1140, and that the sequence corresponded to that deduced from the lanA sequence. We observed a number of similarities of mutacin 1140 to epidermin and an S. mutans lantibiotic, B-Ny266, but it appears to have significant differences in the positions of its thioether bridges. It also has other unique features with regard to its leader sequence and posttranslational modification. A proposed structure for mutacin 1140 is presented.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

[Serum leptin in women during the third trimester of pregnancy].

Leptin is a small protein produced mainly by adipocytes. Recently, its relationship to obesity has been studied extensively. It was proved that obese individuals have either relative or absolute leptin deficiency. Several years ago, leptin was found to be produced also by the placenta. This stimulated us to study relationship between leptinemia and placental hormones in 85 women in the second gravidity trimester. Within the prenatal screening, these pregnant women were subjected to analysis of AFP, hCG, SP-1 glycoprotein and leptin and the results obtained were processed statistically. The control group consisted of 20 nonpregnant women with tetany. Women in the second gravidity trimester were found to have a significantly higher leptinemia than nongravid women (even with respect to body weight). This may be due to a larger amount of adipose tissue during gravidity and also leptin-resistance. Moreover, we recorded a negative correlation between leptinemia related to body weight and concentration of SP-1 glycoprotein. This finding supports the presumption that mother's leptinemia correlated negatively in the second gravidity trimester with quality and quantity of the placental syncytiotrophoblast. Our findings can be explained as follows: the biological effect of leptin is metabolically unfavourable for the growth of the foetus and the placenta. An increased leptinemia with advancing gravidity can be caused by a larger fatty mass and an increased activity of adipocytes when leptin presence increases in system circulation but the organism begins to be leptin-resistant and an "unfavourable" metabolic effect fort the gravid woman and the foetus is not distinct. These findings thus support the hypothesis postulating the nonsignificance of leptin production in human placenta and on the contrary the necessity of leptin-resistance for foetus development from the metabolic point of view. Thus, a decreased leptinemia immediately before and after the delivery could be caused by the still unclear regulators of leptin sensitivity. This is again a metabolically highly favourable state (reduced appetite, decreased body weight, increased energy output and others).

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1998

[Ureterocystoplasty--ureteral augmentation of the urinary bladder].

The method of choice in the surgical treatment of neurogenic dysfunctions of the lower urinary pathways is to use the ureteral wall for augmentation of the urinary bladder. The advantage of the method is that it rules out risks and complications encountered in techniques using an excluded intestinal or gastric segment (mucus formation, metabolic disorders, malignant transformation, uroinfection, urolithiasis). The author presents the case-history of a 28-year-old man with a neurogenic bladder due to surgery of meningomyelocele during childhood.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of superficial lesions of the penis].

In surgical treatment of benign and malignant lesions of the penis in addition to radicality also the demand of a favourable cosmetic result is stressed. The presented paper evaluates experience with the use of a Nd:YAG laser in condylomata acuminata and carcinoma of the penis. The author operated 51 men with condylomata acuminata of the glans, in 32 the external orifice of the urethra was affected. Treatment was successful in all patients with very good cosmetic results, relapses occurred in 11 patients. The author treated successfully also five patients with carcinoma of the penis classified as TIS and T1. In none of the patients a relapse was observed after a mean follow-up period of 15.4 months.

Condylomata Acuminata↗
PubMed1998

[Kidney sparing surgery].

From 1988 to 1998 107 nephron sparing surgery have been done for localised renal cell tumor. The age was between 21 to 75. Nephron sparing surgery means removal of tumor consumed part of renal tissue with oncology clean border in healthy renal tissue. Elective indication for nephron sparing surgery is renal cell carcinoma on single kidney or on bilateral function disabled kidneys. In the last years indication for nephron sparing surgery have spread also to patients with both kidneys, who have single extrarenal growing renal cell carcinoma to the diameter 4.5 cm. In our group of follow up patients, within the interval 3 to 96 months from operation we have 96.26% survival without evidence of recurrent renal cell carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis of Schönlein-Henoch purpura].

During a 10 years period 62 adult patients were admitted with diagnosis of Schönlein-Henoch purpura in our hospital. 25 female and 37 male patients ranged from 30 to 87 years (mean: 59.5 years) presenting with cutan, joint, renal and particularly abdominal involvement were investigated retrospectively. During the course of the disease, all patients developed purpuric rash (100%), 14 (22.5%) patients had joint symptoms and renal involvement occurred in 12 (19.3%) patients. In this study, we discuss 15 (24%) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms appearing in Henoch's purpura. Analysis of the gastrointestinal clinical features revealed: abdominal pain 13 (86%), massive colorectal bleeding 3 (20%), occult blood loss 10 (66%) vomiting 6 (40%) and diarrhoea in 3 (20%) patients. All the patients underwent lower and upper endoscopic examination, in 3 cases the author saw purpuric mucosal lesions in duodenum and in 8 patients were also found coin-like elevated lesions, additionally, biopsy from colonic lesions showed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. It is concluded that endoscopy can be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of Schönlein-Henoch purpura, especially is those without typical skin rash.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Ribosomal RNA (rrn) operons in Streptococcus mutans and nucleotide sequence of tRNA(Pro) gene associated with rrnB.

Using a cloned 0.5-kb probe containing an internal fragment of 23S ribosomal RNA from the rrnB operon of Streptococcus mutans, we analyzed various endonuclease digests of the chromosomal DNA isolated from human-derived strains of mutans streptococci. Thus far, the examined S. mutans strains exhibited five ribosomal operons. Here, we describe a ribotyping technique for S. mutans based on restriction and Southern blot analyses with the biotin-labeled homologous probe and chemiluminescence detection. We cloned and sequenced a unique gene encoding tRNA(Pro) downstream from 23S rRNA gene at the 3' end of the operon. Primers designed to the 3' end of the rrnB operon PCR-amplified a 2.3-kb DNA fragment in all tested strains. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the amplicon revealed a diversity of the single locus among S. mutans isolates, thus establishing a potential use of the technique for the molecular epidemiology of mutans streptococci.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1997

[Ghana 1996--an ophthalmologist's experience].

Ghana is one the developing West African countries. As compared with European countries, the standard of the health services is low. In 1996 Ghana had only 28 ophthalmologists per 16 million population. In practice this is manifested by blindness of almost 1% of the population, mostly as a results of cataract. Within the framework of the internationally organized control of blindness, specialists travel to Ghana to help resolve the problem of blindness. One of the discussed forms of assistance are short-term visit of eye surgeons in hospital centres. In the article practical experience of an eye surgeon in a small mission hospital is described.

Blindness↗
PubMed1997

[Vesicovaginal and urethrovaginal fistulae].

The authors discuss treatment of vesicovaginal fistulae (VVF) in 36 patients and in six patients urethrovaginal fistulae treated in 1989-1995. The most frequent cause of VVF were iatrogenic lesions after hysterectomy. Occlusion of the fistula was performed 12x by the transvesical approach, nine times by a combined transperitoneal and vaginal approach, four times by a transvesical and transperitoneal approach, eight times by the vaginal route only and three times the authors had to make a continent derivation of urine of the sigma-rectum "pouch" type. Continence by primary operation was achieved in 86%, in urethrovaginal fistulae one reoperation was necessary. With the development of radical operations in the lesser pelvis in women the incidence of iatrogenic lesions is rising slightly, however when the technique of minimal invasive reconstruction urology is used, the prognosis of occlusion of fistulae is favourable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Renal oncocytoma].

Renal oncocytomas are infrequent solid tumours of the renal parenchyma. Usually they are diagnosed incidentally. As to treatment conservative surgery predominates. The authors submit their experience with the treatment of eight patients during the past two years where they performed five times transperitoneal nephrectomy and three times resection of the tumour.

Adenoma, Oxyphilic↗
PubMed1997

[Primitive neuroectodermal tumors of the minor pelvis in women--case report].

A primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) of the minor pelvis is a rare malignant small-cell tumour developing from the neural groove. It metastatizes into the lungs, bones, liver and brain. Treatment involves radical surgical extirpation followed by chemotherapy and actinotherapy. The author presents the case-history of PNET of the pelvis minor in a 33-year-old woman.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Dystrophic changes in the macular pigment epithelium as a sequela of exudative diabetic maculopathy].

This work is concerned with the treatment of diabetic exsudative maculopathy using hypolipemic and laser therapy. It shows correlation between the decrease of lipemia and the reduction of the area of hard exsudates in the central region of retina after the hypolipemic therapy. But the corresponding improvement of the vision could not be reached because in 31.2% of cases there were permanent changes of the pigment epithelium of central retina in the original locations of the hard exsudates.

Adult↗