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Biomedical subjects

J Pandey

Publications and source records attributed to J Pandey.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Evaluation of air pollution phytotoxicity downwind of a phosphate fertilizer factory in India.

The effects of air pollution on plants downwind of a fertilizer factory at Udaipur, India, were studied using three woody perennials. Seedlings of these species including a shrub (Carissa carandas L.), a leguminous avenue tree (Cassia fistula L.) and a fruit tree (Psidium guajava L.) were grown in earthen pots at different study sites receiving varying levels of air pollution input. Changes in plant growth, morphological characteristics, photosynthetic pigment, ascorbic acid, N and S contents and in dry matter allocation were considered in relation to the status of ambient air quality. Observations with these parameters have indicated that the ambient air around the factory contained pollutants at phytotoxic levels. Plant height, basal diameter, conopy area, leaf area and chlorophyll, ascorbic acid and foliar-N concentrations decreased with increasing pollution load. However, foliar-S increased slightly at polluted sites. Air pollution load around the factory have also altered the biomass allocation. Root:shoot ratios increased in C. fistula and P. guajava at polluted sites. In contrast, for C. carandas the above ground parts, where foliage assumed predominance showed precedence over the root growth. This species responded characteristically to air pollution stress by allocating more of its photosynthate towards leaf production and shoot growth.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2002

Cyanobacterial flora and the physico-chemical environment of six tropical fresh water lakes of Udaipur, India.

The cyanobacteria and physico-chemical environments of six tropical fresh water lakes of Udaipur, India were investigated. These lakes receive varying nutrient inputs from different sources. Altogether 51 species of cyanobacteria were recorded. Species composition varied between lakes and between seasons. Lake VI (Baghdara), which receives nutrients from natural sources only, differed considerably from the others in water chemistry and composition of dominant species. Lake II (Swaroop Sagar), eutrophied due to sewage inputs, was species poor. Non-diazotrophs, represented by 27 species, dominated during summer. With few exceptions, N2-fixing species, both heterocystous and unicellular diazotrophs (represented by 24 species), were dominant during winter. Microcystis aeruginosa, Phormidium sp. and Anabaena flos-aque were the dominant taxa of lakes characterized by sewage eutrophication. The study shows that both species diversity and community composition were affected by water chemistry.

Cyanobacteria↗
PubMed1999

Resolution, molecular structure and biological activities of the D- and L-enantiomers of potent anti-implantation agent, DL-2-[4-(2-piperidinoethoxy)phenyl]-3-phenyl-2H-1-benzopyran.

Compound 1 (DL-2-[4-(2-piperidinoethoxy)phenyl]-3-phenyl-2H-1-benzopyran, CDRI 85/287) a potent anti-estrogen and anti-implantation agent has been successfully resolved into its pure D- and L-enantiomers. Biological studies showed L-enantiomer to be the active form, exhibiting a fivefold higher receptor affinity for the rat uterine cytosolic estrogen receptor, 100% contraceptive efficacy at 1.3 mg/kg dose in single day schedule and 89% inhibition of estradiol induced increase of uterine weight at its contraceptive dose. The absolute stereochemistry determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis showed that the L-enantiomer has 2R configuration at its asymmetric centre.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting as jaundice.

Hematological and lymphoid malignancies rarely present with manifestations outside these tissues. We report a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presenting with jaundice and generalized lymphadenopathy. The liver profile was suggestive of hepatitis; biopsy showed mild cholestasis. The findings suggest paraneoplastic jaundice with CLL.

Female↗
PubMed1997

Morphogenesis of the human external male genitalia.

The morphogenesis of the external genitalia of human fetuses (16-250 mm crown-rump [CR] length, 6-26 weeks of gestation) obtained after medical termination of pregnancy were studied. Differential development (male/female) started after 50 mm CR length (9 weeks). At that time the external genitalia consisted of a cylindrical genital tubercle 2 mm in length with a visible coronary sulcus and glans and genital swellings on either side. A groove on the ventral aspect of the genital tubercle extended to the coronary sulcus; the lateral boundaries of this groove separated to form the urethral folds. In male fetuses the free edges of the urethral folds fused, starting from the proximal end, to form a tunnel over the ventral aspect of the phallus. The pelvic urethra opened into this tunnel, slightly distal to its origin. The mesodermal tissue forming the genital swellings migrated ventrally and then medially. As medial migration started, the skin in the midline between the genital swellings was raised up as a skin fold, which subsequently, as the genital swellings migrated further, became elevated. The proximal part of the tunnel formed by fusion of the urethral folds (proximal to the point of entry of the pelvic urethra) also was compressed and pushed out as the genital swellings fused in the midline over the root of the phallus. These changes took place at between 80 and 110 mm CR length (12-13 weeks' gestation); at this stage the phallus appeared short and was bent ventrally. With further growth and caudal migration of the scrotum, the phallus lost its ventral curvature. The appearance of the external genitalia at different gestational ages bore a close resemblance to that in children with hypospadias. We therefore conclude that hypospadias can be explained on the basis of an embryological arrest due to the absence of the required stimulus for male phenotypic development at the appropriate time.

Crown-Rump Length↗
PubMed1996

Congenital sulfhemoglobin and transient methemoglobinemia secondary to diarrhoea.

Sulfhemoglobinemia and Methemoglobinemia are common causes of cyanosis arising due to accumulation of abnormal heme pigment. We present an unusual case of congenital sulfhemoglobinemia along with diarrhoea induced methemo-globinemia in a neonate. A high index of suspicion and a proper diagnostic approach is needed to determine the true frequency of their occurrence together.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1995

Pregnancy induced hypertension and antithrombin-III.

This study was undertaken to determine the coagulation profile of women with pregnancy induced hypertension and to evaluate the changes in the level of AT-III in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia and its correlation with severity of disease in order to evaluate if it can be used as a marker for severity of PIH. 119 women with PIH in the third trimester of pregnancy constituted the study group. Age and parity matched 25 normal pregnant and 25 non-pregnant women were taken as control group. No significant difference between the coagulation profile of non-pregnant and normal pregnant women was seen. There is evidence of consumption coagulopathy in PIH patients and AT-III activity shows a gradual and almost linear reduction in various groups ranging from normal pregnant women to eclampsia. Reduction in AT-III activity has positive correlation with PIH and it can be a useful marker for severity of PIH.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1995

Pregnancy associated anemia and iron: a pilot study.

Iron deficiency occurs when the rate of loss of utilization exceeds its assimilation. Treatment is based on iron supplementation but due to side effects compliance to iron therapy is poor. A double blind comparative study was done using a novel time release preparation of ferrous sulphate (Code A) v.s. sustained release ferrous sulphate preparation (Code B) on 60 pregnant women in mid or late pregnancy with anaemia. The amount of ferrous sulphate in Code A was less than half of Code B. The patients were sequentially randomised as Code A or Code B recipient. The non compliance rate was 33%, and for both Code A & Code B. The mean improvement in hemoglobin after 4 weeks of therapy was 2.01 gm% for Code A and 2.3 gm% for Code B. Iron absorption as evidenced by improvement in S. Iron, TIBC and ferritin levels was better with Code A. The improvement in subjective symptoms of anaemia was better than average in Code B preparation. Code A group had comparatively more side effects both major and minor, this may have been the reason for a slightly higher drop out rate in this group. In conclusion the timed release preparation has a comparable haematological response and better absorption with significantly lower doses as compared to the sustained release preparation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Screening for HIV seropositive blood - a critical evaluation.

HIV screening of all donated blood is mandatory in India. The program instituted has many inherent lacunac like arbitrary identification of centres, absence of a guardian quality control program, criterion for test kit selection and absence of standard guidelines. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of frequent change of testing laboratory, change of testing staff, change of reagent kits and time of blood donation. All the donations at blood bank Safdarjang Hospital, during the year 1993, were taken for study. HBsAg and VDRL positivity were used as control/check value for similarity of donor population. Tests done during this period in three different laboratories show that the change of laboratory, change of reagent kit and the experience and training of the testing laboratory staff affect the test results, causing an increase in the number of false positive tests. This leads to destruction of donated blood which would have been otherwise fit for transfusion. It is suggested that a proper policy plan may be made and implemented in order to make the blood screening more effective.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1994

Human female phenotypic development: role of fetal ovaries.

Morphogenesis of external genitalia was studied in human fetuses obtained from cases of medical termination of pregnancies and cases of spontaneous abortions. Eighty-two fetuses, 16 mm crown rump (CR) length (6 weeks gestation) to 240 mm CR length (26 weeks gestation), were studied. Fetal sex was determined with the help of chorionic villus of fetal skin biopsies in cases of fetuses less than 70 mm CR length. Growth and differentiation up to 50 mm CR length (9 weeks gestation) was identical for both sexes. After this there was rapid growth and differentiation in males. But in females subsequent growth until 180-200 mm CR-length stage (20 weeks gestation), was restricted to growth of labia majora. After this there was rapid ventral outgrowth of the region of perineum between the clitoris and anus, which brought the urethral and vaginal orifices to the surface. There was also further growth of labia. This process of feminization of external genitalia was completed by the 26th week of gestation. Histology revealed that ovary and testes could be clearly identified at 60 mm CR length stage. Maturation of fetal testes progressed rapidly, but there was little change in the histological appearance of ovaries until 160-180 mm CR-length stage (18-20 weeks of gestation). Follicular growth started after this. Feminization of urogenital sinus started after follicular growth started in the fetal ovaries. So from the temporal profile of events, it appears that it may be initiated by fetal ovarian steroids.

Abortion, Induced↗