PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Quero

Publications and source records attributed to J Quero.

87 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonographic findings in thalamus and basal ganglia in term asphyxiated infants.

Three severely asphyxiated term neonates demonstrated bilateral hyperechogenicity in the thalamus and basal ganglia. During evolution, areas of attenuated echogenicity appeared in these structures at the same time as periventricular cysts were evident in 2 patients with coexistent periventricular leukomalacia. All 3 patients developed ventricular dilatation; in the 2 patients with periventricular leukomalacia, the ventricular border was irregular in the outer (dorsal) margin, and interhemispheric fissures were widened as a manifestation of cerebral atrophy. Furthermore, the thalamic inner (ventral) margins of the lateral ventricles were irregular in all 3 patients. This previously unrecognized finding points to a particular form of cerebral atrophy localized in the gangliothalamic region that contributes to the development of ventriculomegaly. The reported sonographic sequence implies profound damage in the thalamus and basal ganglia in asphyxiated infants which undoubtedly has contributed to the poor outcomes of our patients.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral abnormalities in congenital myotonic dystrophy.

The brain structure of 14 infants born with congenital myotonic dystrophy at 2 hospitals was evaluated by cranial ultrasonography, and the findings were correlated with clinical and neuropathologic data. Ventricular dilation was diagnosed in 11 infants (78%). Seven infants died during the neonatal period; all had ventricular dilation which remained essentially static. In the ultrasound scans of the 5 infants with ventricular dilation. Of the 7 survivors, 4 had ventricular dilation born at 1 hospital, 4 had widening of the interhemispheric fissure. Macrocephaly, a previously unrecognized finding in congenital myotonic dystrophy, was present in 10 infants (71%), 8 of whom presented with ventricular dilation. None had clinical evidence of increased intracranial pressure. There was no ventricular obstruction in the 4 brains examined pathologically. Histologic examination revealed minor expression of neuronal migrational disturbances in each patient. Macrocephaly together with the ultrasonographic and neuropathologic findings in our patients suggest that these abnormalities may originate in an external hydrocephalus.

Brain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Natural history of ventricular dilatation in preterm infants: prognostic significance.

Cerebral ultrasounds were prospectively performed in 100 infants weighing 1,500 gm or less in order to evaluate the prognostic significance of ventricular dilatations and their associated findings. There was no difference in the incidence of ventricular dilatation (24%) between patients with or without periventricular hemorrhage (PVH). Although patients with PVH developed ventricular dilatation significantly earlier than infants without PVH, no differences were observed in severity, location, head circumference growth, or intracranial pressure between the groups. Ventricular dilatation was statistically related to PVH grade III and PVH with parenchymal involvement; grades moderate-to-severe of periventricular echogenicity; and cystic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Ventricular dilatation persisted longer than 6 weeks in 61% of infants and had irregular margins in 62%. The latter were significantly related to cystic PVL. Seventy-seven of 100 infants examined were followed until 20 months corrected age. Ventricular dilatation mainly when persistent and with irregular margins was associated with handicaps. We conclude that ventricular dilatation is frequent in very low-birth weight infants. Furthermore, its occurrence may be independent of PVH. Persistent ventricular dilatation with irregular margins, even in its mild forms, suggests a parenchymal lesion and guarded prognosis.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fulminant hepatic failure in neonatal period (author's transl)].

A newbron baby that following an exchange transfusion due to A incompatibility, presented an hepatic and renal failure, is reported. Hepatic necrosis and associated renal patholgy suspected ruging evolution treated with exchange transfusions and peritoneal dialysis for three days, with improvement but, died at eight days of age. Necropsy findings confirm clinical suspect of hepatic necrosis. Pathology more frequently associated and management of fulminant hepatic failure is commented.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Studying intestinal maturation in newborn infants by means of stable isotopes].

Survival and subsequent quality of life in low birth weight infants are related to an adequate early nutrition. Premature children require parenteral nutrition support in the first days of life due to their intolerance enteral nutrition. In experimental studies, parenteral nutrition promotes intestinal abnormalities. Minimal enteral feeding has been proposed to minimise these adverse effects. Stable isotopes technology is an adequate tool to investigate metabolism in the perinatal period. The amino acid Leucine has been used by different authors for the study of protein turnover. The double tracer technology allows to follow the seizure of an amino acid administered enterally in splanchnic tissue. By continuous infusion and breath tests we can estimate protein synthesis in these children.

Breath Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Diaphragmatic hernia in newborn].

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia is the object of this informative review, directed to the general pediatrician. The needs for urgent diagnosis and immediate surgical treatment are both stressed. Aside its embriological, clinical, and diagnostic aspects other important areas are dealt with, such as associated malformations and surgical treatment. Special points are made regarding pre and postoperative care, including pitfalls in surgical treatment due to crowding of the abdomen under severe pressure.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ability of neonatal head circumference to predict long-term neurodevelopmental outcome].

AIM: We review the ability of head circumference (HC) at birth and head growth during the neonatal period to predict neurodevelopmental outcome, putting emphasis on new knowledge in this area. DEVELOPMENT: During infancy HC correlates closely with intracranial volume and constitutes an accurate predictor of cerebral volume. Both an abnormal head size at birth and an abnormal head growth during the neonatal period, can express brain damage or the presence of entities that involve varied degrees of neurological dysfunction in childhood. In general, the influence of head size or growth abnormalities on neurodevelopment is more related to the underlying etiology and/or the presence of structural diseases of the brain than with the HC alteration itself. HC evaluation is of particular interest in sick neonates, specially very low birth weight infants, regardless of whether they are normal or small for gestational age, and both during admission an during the first months of life. In these patients, HC catch-up within the first months of life represents a favorable neurodevelopmental prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: HC measuring and head growth evaluation constitute the most simple, inexpensive and quick available tools to assess the development of the central nervous system and identify neonates at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Cephalometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Congenital tuberculosis (author's transl)].

The present case report concerns a term infant, born of a mother with an undiagnosed tuberculosis, which was proved by inguinal lymph node biopsy to have numerous acid-fast bacilli; sequence of events supports the thesis that infant had acquired infection transplacentally. Literature is reviewed and diagnosis, prophylaxis, chemotherapy of this infrequent disease with a grave prognosis is commented, emphasizing success of chemotherapy in this infant.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Early onset group B streptococcal neonatal sepsis (author's transl)].

Seventy one per cent of neonates had a gestational age longer than 37 weeks. Sixteen showed respiratory distress, and shock occured in twelve cases. The onset of illness happened within the first 12 hours of life, in 15 cases. No differences were observed among preterm and term infants. Differential leukocyte count were altered in all infants, being particularly relevant the fact that the relation between immature neutrophil/total neutrophil, was elevated in 50 per cent of cases. Mortality rate was 52 per cent. Clinical alert and early treatment with penicillin, together with the use of fresh blood exchange transfusion, can be considered useful methods in the treatment of these cases.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cerebellar hypoplasia in the newborn: association with respiratory control disorders and mental retardation].

Cerebellum malformations are frequently diagnosed since the advent of the neuroradiological studies (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography). Cerebellar hypoplasia is found in association with a wide variety of neurologic and systemic disorders. Clinical picture in newborn may be different than in other periods of life. Two characteristics are interesting in neonatal period: their relation with abnormal respiratory control and mental retardation. The pathophysiology of cerebellar hypoplasia is uncertain, however experimental studies suggest than an abnormality of the Bergman glia may lead to the observed granulle cell layer deficiency in this malformation. It is tempting to speculate that a similar migrational abnormality in the cerebrum accounts for the intellectual impairment seen in some affected patients. Respiration is a complex neural function requiring precise coordination of numerous neural circuits. Cerebellar hypoplasia may be important in the pathogenetic mechanism of abnormal respiratory control due to cerebellar respiratory control disturbance. Also diaphragmatic dysfunction may occur in association with cerebellar atrophy. We report two newborns with cerebellar hypoplasia (vermis and hemispheres) associated with central respiratory and neurological dysfunction, and mental retardation.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hospital discharge summary (author's transl)].

A form to fill up, hospital discharge summary is presented. Main characteristics are: special framework, shortness and conciseness. It can be filled up since patient is admitted to hospital on the base of problem oriented medical record. Quantity and quality of information has been favourably evaluated either by our own medical staff or general pediatrician who watches out for baby after hospital discharge. In 84% of patients it was given at the same moment of discharge and before two weeks for the rest. It's time and work saving and from the point of view of education has been considered very useful for both author and reader.

Child↗