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Biomedical subjects

J R Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to J R Andersen.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Efficacy of enprofylline in acute airway obstruction.

The efficacy and safety of different regimens of intravenously administered enprofylline, an anti-asthma xanthine, were evaluated in a randomized open study, including 155 patients with acute exacerbation of obstructive lung disease. The regimen 2.5 mg/kg i.v. over 10 min was canceled after seven patients had been included, due to two cases of hypotensive/vasovagal reactions. The regimens 2.0 mg/kg/20 min and 2.5 mg/kg/20 min were significantly more effective with regard to bronchodilation than 2.0 mg/kg/10 min (PEF increase +35%, +30% and +17% respectively). Nausea and headache were the most common side effects (16-33% and 23-33% of the patients respectively on different regimens) with the lowest frequency on 2.0 mg/kg/20 min. Four additional hypotensive reactions occurred; one on each 2.0 mg/kg regimen and two on 2.5 mg/kg/20 min. The regimen 2.0 mg/kg20 min was found to be the most favourable with regard to efficacy and side effects. Enprofylline i.v. was found to be an effective bronchodilating treatment of acute airway obstruction but the frequency of side effects has to be considered.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of outpatient assessment after transurethral prostatectomy.

The need for a three-month visit at the outpatient clinic for assessment including uroflowmetry was retrospectively evaluated in 78 patients who underwent transurethral resection for benign prostatic hypertrophy during 1986. One patient died before discharge and six were lost to follow-up. Eleven patients requested appointments earlier than three months, and 10 of these needed further treatment; four were operated on and six were treated with drugs. The remaining 60 patients attended as arranged. Thirty-nine were discharged, but 21 required further treatment. Eleven were operated on, four were given drugs, one had an external catheter because of incontinence, and five needed further visits to the outpatient clinic for other reasons. It was not possible to predict the necessity for follow-up from preoperative symptoms, cystitis, maximum urinary flow (ml/s), blood loss during operation, or length of stay in hospital after operation. We conclude that 35% (95% c.l. 23-48%) of the arranged outpatient visits three months after transurethral resection for benign prostatic hypertrophy are necessary and that the need is not predictable.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Infrequent voiders syndrome (nurses bladder). Prevalence among nurses and assistant nurses in a surgical ward.

We evaluated the prevalence of infrequent voiders syndrome (defined as women with a mean voided volume above 400 ml) and predisposing factors among the female nursing staff in a busy 100 beds department of surgery. One hundred and five nurses and assistant nurses were invited to fill in a questionnaire and a frequency/volume chart for a 24-hour period. The infrequent voiders were further studied using uroflowmetry and medium-fill CO2 cystometry. Seventy-two women completed the study. Six (95% c.l. 3%-17%) were infrequent voiders, although fifty women (57%-80%) suppressed the desire to void during working hours. Main reasons for suppression of desire to void were busy work, poor toilet facilities and indolence. The frequency of micturition was higher during evening and night shifts than in the day shift. In the infrequent voiders the functional bladder capacity ranged from 550-1,100 ml, but none had residual urine exceeding 120 ml.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pancreatic function in Crohn's disease.

We investigated exocrine pancreatic function in a population of patients with Crohn's disease in order to correlate the pancreatic function with clinical and laboratory variables. A total of 143 patients affected by Crohn's disease and 115 control subjects were studied. All had a Lundh meal test. As a group patients with Crohn's disease had significantly decreased activity of both amylase (p less than 0.02) and lipase (p less than 0.001) in duodenal aspirates. In patients with Crohn's disease enzyme activities were not correlated to duration of disease or to extent or localisation of previous bowel resection. The lowest enzyme values were found in patients with the most extensive bowel involvement, and they were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than in patients with disease confined to the terminal ileum. The differences between enzyme values in other subgroups of patients were not significant. For the patient group as a whole no correlation was found between disease activity and enzyme values, but for the most uniform group of patients, those with terminal ileitis, pancreatic function was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in patients with moderate and severe disease compared with patients with mild disease. Thus at least two factors seem to be responsible for impaired pancreatic function in Crohn's disease: firstly disease activity and secondly localisation or extent of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Lymphopenia in heavy drinkers--reversibility and relation to the duration of drinking episodes.

Seventy-four addictive alcoholic subjects were investigated shortly after a period of excessive drinking and were compared with 18 alcoholic subjects who had not been drinking for at least six months. No difference was observed in total white cell count or number of circulating granulocytes. Lymphocyte count was significantly lower in alcoholics whose last alcoholic bout had been three months or more, but after 30 days of abstinence the difference had disappeared. The depressed lymphocyte count did not correlate with other components of the drinking pattern. These results show that lymphopenia in alcoholics is a time-dependent and reversible event.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Pancreatic insufficiency. Duodenal and jejunal pH, bile acid activity, and micellar lipid solubilization.

To investigate the course of postprandial lipid solubilization in nine patients with chronic, alcoholic pancreatitis, luminal contents were aspirated from the proximal part of the jejunum for 180 min after a meal containing 1.5% fat. Six of the patients had pancreatic insufficiency, whereas three patients were without insufficiency. pH was measured continuously at two sites: at the level of the papilla of Vater and the aspiration site. The fraction of bile acids in the micellar phase of the jejunal aspirates correlated positively to both pH in the aspirates (p less than 0.05) and the fraction of fat solubilized (p less than 0.02). pH was below 4.0 for a longer period of time in the patients with insufficiency, compared to the patients without. However, pH fluctuated rapidly, and there was no correlation between the continuously measured values at the aspiration site and values in the aspirates. Lipid solubilization was not correlated to the lipase activity in the aspirates. We conclude that acidic bile acid precipitation most likely plays a dominant role in the pathophysiology of pancreatic steatorrhea although the methods available are too crude to disclose the precise course of events.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Randomised trial of endoscopic endoprosthesis versus operative bypass in malignant obstructive jaundice.

In patients with obstructive jaundice caused by malignant stricture of the extrahepatic bile duct we compared survival time, complication rates, hospitalisation requirements, and quality of life after palliation by endoscopic endoprosthesis or bypass surgery. During diagnostic endoscopic cholangiography 50 patients were randomised to the two treatment alternatives. All 25 patients randomised to endoprosthesis were treated by this procedure, whereas only 19 of 25 patients randomised to bypass surgery underwent operative biliary-digestive anastomosis. Life table analysis revealed no difference in survival between treatment groups or randomisation groups. No differences were found when other variables were compared. We conclude, that palliation of obstructive jaundice in malignant bile duct obstruction with endoscopically introduced endoprosthesis is as effective as operative bypass.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Trial of pectin-enriched muffins in patients with severe dumping syndrome after gastric resection. Observations on symptoms and gastric emptying pattern.

Pectin is known to delay gastric emptying and alleviate dumping symptoms when ingested with hyperosmolar, glucose-containing meals. As the treatment of dumping syndrome includes frequent, small dry meals, the effect of pectin ingested in muffins was tested in five patients with severe, intractable dumping syndrome after gastric resection. Ingestion of 99mTc-DTPA-labelled muffins containing 5 g pectin did not alleviate dumping symptoms or delay gastric emptying compared with muffins without pectin. Pectin does not seem to be beneficial as a supplement in the conventional dietary management of post-gastrectomy dumping.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Aluminium in peritoneal dialysis fluids as determined by stabilised temperature platform furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

A procedure is described for the determination of aluminium in peritoneal dialysis fluids. It is based on Zeeman corrected graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry employing stabilised temperature platform furnace (STPF) conditions. The samples are analysed after dilution 1 + 1 without pretreatment. The limit of detection of the procedure is 1.5 mug l(-1), and the accuracy and precision were found acceptable. A screening survey showed that aluminium contamination of peritoneal dialysis fluids is not a general problem, but that exceptions to this do occur.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Decomposition of wheat bran and ispaghula husk in the stomach and the small intestine of healthy men.

Decomposition of dietary fibers in the stomach and small bowel was studied in 13 healthy male volunteers. Liquid control meals were compared with test meals, which in addition contained a source of fiber (wheat bran or ispaghula husk) in random order. Aspirations were collected from the stomach, the proximal jejunum, the mid gut and the terminal ileum. Radiolabeled polyethylene glycol-4000 was used as nonabsorbable water-phase marker, and the formation of free arabinose was used to quantify the hydrolysis of dietary fibers. Ingested fibers, aspirates and urine specimens were analyzed for monosaccharides, either free or fiber-bound, by gas-liquid chromatography. Both types of fiber were hydrolyzed in the stomach, but not in the small bowel. Of ispaghula husk, 1-6% was hydrolyzed, as was 5-8% of wheat bran. Intestinal absorption of free arabinose was 85-93%, but excretion of arabinose in the urine was not greater than after control meals. For further evaluation of gastric hydrolysis six additional healthy male volunteers were studied by serial aspirations from the antral part of the stomach. Hydrolysis was instantaneous for both fibers, and was significantly more pronounced for wheat bran than for ispaghula husk.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Permeation of nickel through human skin in vitro--effect of vehicles.

The effect of the vehicle on the permeation rate of nickel ions through excised human skin was evaluated. Different hydrogels were compared with the standard patch test in petrolatum. A hydroxypropyl methylcellulose gel seemed to be the most promising alternative to petrolatum. It gave high bioavailability of the nickel and had good film forming properties leaving the nickel spread across the skin surface as a thin film without microscopically detectable crystals. The content of nickel in the various skin layers after cutaneous application was determined, and nickel was found to accumulate in the epidermis, probably due to epidermal binding. A significant amount of nickel was found also in the dermis. Occlusion and application of higher nickel concentrations increased the transport rate and must be considered in patch testing using this hydrogel. We conclude that nickel permeation is highly dependent of the choice of vehicle and the vehicle should, therefore, be an important consideration in patch testing with nickel.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Terodiline, emepronium bromide or placebo for treatment of female detrusor overactivity? A randomised, double-blind, cross-over study.

In a randomised, double-blind study, 20 women with idiopathic detrusor instability and associated symptoms were treated with terodiline 25 mg bd, placebo, and emepronium bromide 200 mg tds--each drug being given for 3 weeks with placebo as wash-out period before cross-over. The results were evaluated according to drug preference, frequency charts and elimination of detrusor instability on cystometry. Serum levels of both drugs were monitored as control of tablet intake. The preference for terodiline to placebo was statistically significant: 14/3 women (P less than 0.05), and the majority of women (12/4) preferred terodiline to emepronium. Terodiline also gave a small but significant reduction in 24 h micturition frequency and eliminated detrusor instability in almost 50% of the patients (P less than 0.05). Side effects were frequent but mild in all three treatment periods. It was concluded that terodiline offers an alternative in the treatment of female detrusor instability.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bacteriaemia after injection sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices.

Thirty consecutive alcoholic patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis of the liver and oesophageal varices underwent a total of 47 upper intestinal endoscopies. During 31 of the endoscopies paravariceal sclerotherapy of oesophageal varices was performed. Blood cultures were drawn before and after the procedures. Bacteriaemia after endoscopy was detected on seven occasions: six after sclerotherapy and one after endoscopy without sclerotherapy. This difference did not reach statistical significance. The microorganisms cultured belonged to the normal flora of the skin or the oropharynx. Bacteriaemia was transient and had no clinical consequences.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Serum thyroglobulin in chronic renal failure--effects of haemodialysis.

The influence of chronic renal failure (CRF) on serum thyroglobulin concentration (Tg) was investigated in 37 patients (29 on haemodialysis) and compared with results obtained from matched controls. Serum Tg did not differ significantly between CRF patients not on haemodialysis: median 24.1 micrograms/l, (range 2.5-47.0) and controls: median 23.6 micrograms/l, (range 2.1-53.0). Patients on haemodialysis had a significantly lower serum Tg level: median 11.4 micrograms/l (range 2.1-54.0) compared to controls (p less than 0.01) but no change in serum Tg level could be demonstrated after a single haemodialysis. A possible explanation for the low serum Tg level in patients with CRF on haemodialysis is decreased production parallelling the decreased production rate of T4 and T3. Since CRF patients not on haemodialysis had an unchanged serum Tg level compared to controls, haemodialysis was associated with small changes in serum Tg level, and since none of the patients had a serum Tg value above the upper reference limit we conclude that these changes were not of a magnitude likely to cause misinterpretation of results in routine clinical situations.

Adolescent↗