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Biomedical subjects

J R Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to J R Andersen.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Patch test reactivity to nickel alloys.

11 widely used nickel alloys were investigated with respect to corrosion stability and reactivity in nickel-sensitive individuals. Alloys with a nickel release in synthetic sweat exceeding 1 microgram/cm2/week gave a strong patch test reaction in nickel-sensitive persons; those with a release below 0.5 microgram/cm2/week showed weak reactivity with one exception. Nickel allergy is a health problem. It may be minimized by using nickel alloys with a corrosion level below 0.5 microgram/cm2/week. Action should be taken by dermatologists, industry and authorities to solve this neglected problem.

Alloys↗
PubMed1987

Tin: an overlooked contact sensitizer?

Patch tests with metallic tin in 73 nickel-sensitive patients revealed 6 positive allergic reactions. Only 4 doubtful reactions were seen, which makes irritancy unlikely. The relevance and clinical significance of the unexpected finding deserves further evaluation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Randomised study of the influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the treatment of peptic ulcer in patients with rheumatic disease.

Sixty-seven patients with rheumatic disease, treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), entered a controlled trial with a diagnosis of duodenal (n = 51), gastric (n = 14), or gastric and duodenal (n = 2) ulcers. The main objectives of the study were a comparison of ranitidine and sucralfate in ulcer treatment, and to observe the influence of continued NSAID administration during peptic ulcer therapy. Ulcers healed within nine weeks in 52 patients. The mean healing time was similar in 27 patients given ranitidine 150 mg bd (4.9 weeks) and 25 patients given sucralfate 1 g qid (4.6 weeks). In patients with unhealed ulcers after nine weeks of treatment, healing was obtained in seven after further therapy for 3-9 weeks. Of the 30 patients who continued NSAIDs during treatment with either ranitidine or sucralfate, 23 ulcers healed (mean healing time: 5.0 weeks). Of 32 patients in whom NSAIDs were stopped, ulcer healing was documented in 29 (mean healing time: 4.6 weeks). The difference in healing rates was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.10). The outcome of ulcer treatment did not differ in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and patients suffering from osteoarthritis. During a 12 month follow up 14 symptomatic ulcer recurrences were recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Noninvasive diagnosis of uremic osteodystrophy: uses and limitations.

45 bone biopsies from patients with chronic uremia were reviewed to define which noninvasive investigations were of value in predicting the histological diagnosis and to quantify the spectrum of uremic bone disease at a center that has consistently used an aluminum-free dialysis bath. 17 biopsies were taken postmortem. 15 patients received conservative treatment, the rest were on maintenance dialysis. 13 patients had symptomatic bone disease. Virtually all patients with a uremia duration greater than 3 years had uremic osteodystrophy. All patients with clinical bone disease, hypercalcemia or raised alkaline phosphatase activity had osteodystrophy, but the specific histology was not indicated. Greatly raised parathyroid levels suggested secondary hyperparathyroidism, but the test was only 100% specific when 20 times normal. Total aluminum consumption was highly indicative of bone aluminum concentration (p less than 0.0001) and aluminum-related osteomalacia (5 cases), suggesting that a considerable proportion of uremic bone disease is iatrogenic. Serum aluminum was of some use in the diagnosis of aluminum-related osteomalacia, but was not wholly reliable. Bone mineral content (BMC) using both forearm measurements and total body bone mineral levels (TBBM) were assessed in 32 patients and were found to be reduced in 12, with a preponderance of secondary hyperparathyroidism. BMC and TBBM were negatively correlated to resorbing surfaces and bone formation rate, suggesting that secondary hyperparathyroidism is the uremic bone disease that represents the greatest threat to bone mass. It is concluded that while noninvasive investigations give considerable information, reliable diagnosis requires the use of histological methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Reflux oesophagitis in heavy drinkers. Effect of ranitidine and alginate/metoclopramide.

Of 1,400 consecutive patients applying to an outpatient clinic for treatment of alcoholism, 477 complained of upper abdominal dyspepsia. After 2 weeks of abstinence, 78 had persisting complaints; of these, 72% had oesophagitis at endoscopy. The 53 patients with oesophagitis as the sole diagnosis were randomized to treatment with either ranitidine or a combination of alginate/antacid chewing tablets and metoclopramide for 6 weeks in a double-blind, double-dummy design. Twenty-five patients left the study during the observation time due to relapse of alcoholism, and were only observed until then. No significant differences were found between the treatment groups concerning the course of symptoms and endoscopic or histological improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Decidual prolactin content and secretion at term. Correlations with the clinical data.

This study was conducted to describe the distributions of the initial decidual PRL content (D-PRL) and the decidual PRL secretion (D-PRL-s) in vitro at term and to ascertain whether the clinical data might influence these decidual PRL measures and their correlation with the amniotic fluid PRL concentration (A-PRL). Decidual tissue was obtained after 134 normal pregnancies at term. D-PRL and D-PRL-s into the medium after an 8 h incubation were determined. The distributions of D-PRL and D-PRL-s were skewed to the right. A logarithmic transformation generated symmetric distributions. Eight women who were delivered by vacuum extraction due to intra-uterine asphyxia had D-PRL values similar those in normal vaginal parturition, whereas D-PRL-s values were significantly reduced (p less than 0.02). No significant difference (p greater than 0.05) was found in the decidual PRL measures in the vaginal deliveries between those receiving labor stimulating medication and those without, or between women who gave birth vaginally and women undergoing elective cesarean section. Stepwise multiple regression analyses of data obtained from 30 women who gave birth after uncomplicated or various pathological pregnancies showed logarithmically transformed A-PRL to be closely correlated with D-PRL, and these correlations were improved by including the week of gestation as a second step (p less than 0.00001). After normal pregnancy, D-PRL-s was significantly correlated with D-PRL (p less than 0.01), and D-PRL was correlated with the week of gestation (p less than 0.05). None of the remaining clinical data improved the correlations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The influence of ispaghula husk and lactulose on the in vivo and the in vitro production capacity of short-chain fatty acids in humans.

To evaluate factors influencing the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations in stools, three different experiments were performed: faecal concentrations of SCFA at defecation were determined by gas liquid chromatography in nine healthy volunteers on a free diet. SCFAs were 114 +/- 15.0 mmol/l (means +/- SD). The coefficient of variation (CV) of the assay was 4-15%, the intraindividual CV 12-33%, and the interindividual CV 11-29%. On incubation of faeces at 37 degrees C concentrations of SCFA doubled in 6 h and rose fourfold in 72 h. In three volunteers the experiments were extended by adding ispaghula husk or lactulose to the diet for two 14-day periods each; no change in faecal SCFA concentrations was seen, either at defecation or after incubation. When ispaghula husk or lactulose was added to faeces in an in vitro incubation system, the concentrations of SCFA were five times higher than those of controls. We conclude that instant handling of faeces is essential for determinations of SCFA concentrations to obtain interpretable and comparable results; that determination of total SCFA output is of limited value; that addition of fibre to the diet does not influence faecal SCFA concentrations; and that the capacity for SCFA production in faeces is large provided a sufficient amount of substrate is available.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Short-chain fatty acids and the irritable bowel syndrome: the effect of wheat bran.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in faeces were examined in 18 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) during treatment with wheat bran or placebo. In the placebo period, the patients could be classified in accordance with the faecal concentrations of SCFA into one group with low concentrations (mean, 40 mmol/l; range, 19-77 mmol/l; 10 patients) and another with high concentrations (mean, 168 mmol/l; range, 145-187 mmol/l; 8 patients). The concentrations of SCFA differed (P less than 0.001) in both groups from concentrations found in faeces from a reference group of nine normal individuals (mean, 114 mmol/l; range, 93-155 mmol/l). Patients with low levels of SCFA had lower (P less than 0.001) mean stool mass and longer (P less than 0.05) transit times than those with high concentrations of SCFA in faeces. Ingestion of bran, although a precursor of SCFA, did not change faecal concentrations of SCFA. Abdominal pain, distension, and rumbling were not correlated to low or high concentrations of SCFA in faeces, nor did bran improve these symptoms when compared to placebo. The level of SCFA was rather constant intraindividually and independent of the variability of the daily faecal mass. It is concluded that patients with IBS apparently have continuously abnormal concentrations of SCFA in faeces, either high or low, which are unaffected by the treatment with bran and which hypothetically may be of pathophysiologic importance.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

A new method for measurement of the electrical potential difference across the stomach wall. Clinical evaluation of the gastric mucosal integrity.

PD, the electrical potential difference across the gastric mucosa, is a variable used frequently in experimental studies. Existing methods for PD measurements are, however, unstable, and variations in the pH of the gastric juice causes liquid junction potentials between gastric juice and the PD measuring probe. A new PD measuring system has been developed with high stability, easy handling, and correction for the liquid junction potentials. PD was measured between a stomach microelectrode and an intravenous reference electrode connected to a millivoltmeter. pH was measured by an intragastric microelectrode. The liquid junction potential was calculated by using the pH measured in the gastric juice and the Henderson equation and was then subtracted from the measured PD to provide a better approximation of the PD across the mucosa. The liquid junction potential calculated as stated above correlated with the liquid junction potential calculated from precise ion determinations made in gastric juice samples (y = x; r = 0.92; p less than 0.05). The reliability of the PD measuring system was tested in vitro and in vivo and was satisfactory. In conclusion, a new, reliable, and easily applied method for gastric PD measurements corrected for the liquid junction potential between gastric juice and the PD measuring probe has been developed.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

The effect of oral aluminium salts on the bone of non-dialysed uremic patients.

12 patients with conservatively treated uremia were investigated using bone histomorphometry, bone aluminium concentration determination and total body bone mineral content (TBBM). The bone aluminum was raised in 10 patients and was significantly related to oral aluminium salt consumption (p less than 0.01). Two of four patients who had not received aluminium also had raised levels but the difference was not significant from nonuremic patients. The two patients with the highest levels had a mineralisation defect despite normal levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Three patients had significant bone loss of whom one had osteomalacia (OM) while two had secondary hyperparathyroidism (2HP). It is concluded that 1) aluminium salt consumption results in bone aluminium accumulation, and may contribute to the mineralisation defect; 2) uremic patients not treated ith aluminium salts may have slightly raised levels, but this seems not to be clinically important; 3) secondary hyperparathyroidism causes greater destruction of bone mass than other uremic bone diseases; 4) atomic absorption spectrometry is a more sensitive method for detecting aluminium bone deposition than histochemical methods.

Acetates↗
PubMed1986

Effect of ouabain and bumetanide on the basal and the osmolality-affected prolactin secretion from human decidual cells in vitro.

Human decidual explants were incubated in vitro in media containing 10(-5) mol/l ouabain or 10(-4) mol/l ouabain or 0.5 X 10(-4) mol/l bumetanide to change the intracellular ionic concentrations. In isosmotic incubations (osmolality 315 mmol/kg), no significant effect of either 10(-5) mol/l ouabain or 0.5 X 10(-4) mol/l bumetanide was found on the decidual prolactin secretion (D-PRL-s). 10(-4) mol/l ouabain significantly decreased both decidual prolactin production and D-PRL-s (P less than 0.05) and was therefore not used for the following cross-over experiments. Hyperosmotic media (387 mmol/kg) were produced by changing the concentration of either sodium chloride, potassium chloride, or mannitol. All increased D-PRL-s compared with the isosmotic media (315 mmol/kg). 10(-5) mol/l ouabain significantly diminished the increase otherwise elicited by the sodium chloride and the mannitol hyperosmotic media. However, in the hyperosmotic potassium chloride medium with 10(-5) mol/l ouabain, the D-PRL-s remained increased. The hyperosmotic medium (252 mmol/kg) reduced D-PRL-s compared with the isosmotic media (315 mmol/kg) and no significant effect of ouabain was found. Bumetanide did not change the D-PRL-s into any of the hypo- or hyperosmotic media compared with the secretion at 315 mmol/kg. Based on experience from other cell types, the results further indicate that the intracellular ionic concentrations could be of importance to the secretion of decidual prolactin in vitro.

Bumetanide↗
PubMed1986

Erythrocyte mean cell volume--correlation to drinking pattern in heavy alcoholics.

Erythrocyte mean cell volume (MCV) correlates well to alcohol intake in moderate alcoholism, but only about 50% of heavy drinkers have increased MCV. To evaluate the influence of the duration and extent of a drinking episode on MCV, 64 addictive alcoholics were investigated prospectively within two weeks after a drinking period. Their daily alcohol intake was 120-480 g and the actual drinking period has lasted for 1-104 weeks. For comparison, 21 non-active alcoholics were investigated. There was no correlation between MCV of active alcoholics and daily alcohol consumption or smoking habits, whereas a significant positive correlation was found between MCV and both duration of actual drinking episode and total alcohol intake in this period. We conclude that MCV is probably of greater value in estimating the duration and extent of actual drinking episodes in heavy alcoholics than in screening for alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Permeation of nickel salts through human skin in vitro.

The impact of occlusion and the rôle of the counter ion on the permeation of nickel ions through skin have been examined using excised human skin. A highly sensitive electrochemical method was used to quantify the amount of nickel permeating the skin. The investigations show that nickel ions are capable of permeating the skin barrier when applied under occlusion. The process is slow, having a lag time of approximately 50 h. The permeation rate, and thus the physical amount being bioavailable, is considerably increased when aqueous nickel chloride is used in comparison with aqueous nickel sulphate. With respect to nickel permeation of the skin, we conclude that the choice of salt is an important consideration in patch testing.

Female↗
PubMed1986

Bone aluminum deposition in maintenance dialysis patients treated with aluminium-free dialysate: role of aluminium hydroxide consumption.

Postmortem iliac crest biopsies were performed on 16 uremic patients. 3 had been treated conservatively while 13 had been entered into a maintenance dialysis program. The dialysate was treated by reverse osmosis for more than 10 years, and the aluminium concentration was consistently below the detection limit of 0.15 mol/l. 14 patients had been treated with aluminium hydroxide. Bone histomorphometry, aluminium labelling intensity, osteoid surface aluminium labelling extent (Al/OBI) and bone aluminium concentration were measured. 14 patients had significant bone aluminium deposition, including 2 who were not on dialysis of whom 1 had not received aluminium hydroxide. Bone aluminium concentration and labelling intensity were correlated to total aluminium hydroxide consumption (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.05) and present dose (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.01), while Al/OBI was not. The two patients with the highest aluminium concentrations had symptomatic osteomalacia, but 4 patients with significantly raised concentrations and mineralisation front labelling had secondary hyperparathyroidism. It is concluded that bone aluminium deposition occurs despite the use of aluminium-free dialysate and is associated with total and present aluminium hydroxide consumption; heavy aluminium deposition is associated with severe and symptomatic osteomalacia, but can also be observed in the presence of predominant hyperparathyroidism; aluminium deposition can occur in the absence of treatment with dialysis or aluminium hydroxide; bone aluminium concentration and labelling intensity are a better measure of bone deposition than Al/OBI.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

The clinical value of faecal bile acid determination in patients with chronic diarrhoea of unknown origin.

To evaluate the diagnostic value of faecal total bile acid determination in adult patients with chronic diarrhoea, output and concentration of 3 alpha-hydroxy-bile acids were determined in 28 patients. The patients had normal results of primary biochemical, radiologic, and endoscopic examinations. Stools were sampled for 3 days while on a standardized diet. The patients were observed until final diagnosis was obtained; Crohn's disease was diagnosed in 5 cases, osmotic diarrhoea in 4, bacterial overgrowth in 3, laxative abuse in 2, other specific causes in 3, and persisting lack of specific diagnosis in 11. No difference in output or concentration of faecal bile acids was found between the groups. Six patients with high bile acid outputs benefited from treatment with cholestyramine. Accordingly, determination of total bile acids in stools cannot be recommended as a primary test in patients with chronic diarrhoea.

Adult↗