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Biomedical subjects

J R Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to J R Andersen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Liver function under long-term treatment with neuroleptic drugs assessed by serum concentrations of bile acids, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase.

Serum concentrations of total 3 alpha-hydroxy-bile acids, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase were measured in 35 psychotic patients who had been under treatment with neuroleptic drugs for more than 1 year. Serum concentrations of total bile acids were from 1.0 to 9.4 mumol/l (mean 2.9 mumol/l) in the patients and from 0.6 to 4.8 mumol/l (mean 2.2 mumol/l) in 20 healthy controls; the mean values were not significantly different. Serum concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase in patients and controls were not significantly different either. In conclusion, none of the patients had signs of manifest hepatobiliary dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The determination of thyroid volume by ultrasound and its relationship to body weight, age, and sex in normal subjects.

Using a precise and accurate ultrasonic scanning technique we have measured the volume of the thyroid gland in vivo in 271 healthy subjects (13-91 yr old). In these subjects the mean (+/- SD) thyroid volume was 18.6 +/- 4.5 ml. A significant difference between males (19.6 +/- 4.7 ml; n = 139) and females (17.5 +/- 4.2 ml; n = 132) was found (P less than 0.001). The thyroid volume was significantly correlated with both body weight and age, described by: Y = 1.97 + 0.21 . x1 + 0.06 . x2, where Y is the thyroid volume (milliters), x1 is the body weight (kilograms), and x2 is the age (years). The influence of body weight on the thyroid volume was about 3 times that of age. The difference in thyroid gland volume between males and females was explained solely by a difference in body weight.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Gas chromatographic mass spectrometric determination of myo-inositol in humans utilizing a deuterated internal standard.

The isotopic dilution technique was used for determining the content of myo-inositol in human urine, plasma and haemolysed erythrocyte samples. A deuterated myo-inositol, synthesized from inosose-2 by base-catalysed exchange of hydrogens by deuterium, followed by reduction of the inosose with 2H2, was added as internal standard to the samples at an early stage in the analytical procedure. After separation and derivatization to the hexa-acetate, the gas chromatographic mass spectrometric analysis was carried out. A 25 m fused silica capillary column coated with methyl silicone was used, and the ions selected for monitoring were m/z 210 and m/z 214, which are characteristic and abundant fragment ions from unlabelled and hexadeuterated myo-inositolhexa-acetate, respectively. Calibration curves from water, urine, plasma and haemolysed erythrocytes show parallel, linear responses in the ratio between analyte and internal standard in the area of interest (0.2-2.0).

Deuterium↗
PubMed1982

The effect of hyperosmotic and sodium chloride hyperosmotic environments on the secretion and synthesis of prolactin from human decidua in vitro.

Using a paired design as well as a cross-over design both with 16 h incubation periods, we have incubated human decidua in hyposmotic, isosmotic, and sodium chloride hyperosmotic media. In the cross-over design each tissue aliquot was subjected to 3 media with different osmolalities, one of which was isosmotic. Thus, intensive utilization of the tissue was possible. The results of the cross-over study were identical with the result of the paired design. We found a decreased secretion of prolactin in hyposmotic environments, whereas hyperosmotic environments up to an osmolality about 400 mmol/kg gave a dose related increase in the prolactin secretion into the medium as well as in the total content of prolactin in the tissue and the medium. Excessive hyperosmotic medium decreased the secretion. The enhanced secretion was an effect of increased production, which could be blocked by cycloheximide. We found no feedback of prolactin on its own secretion.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1980

Polyglycolic acid, silk, and topical ampicillin. Their use in hernia repair and cholecystectomy.

The effect of topical ampicillin sodium and polyglycolic acid and silk sutures on the recurrence of an existing hernia or an incisional hernia and on infection rates in clean abdominal wounds (herniotomies and simple cholecystectomies) was studied in a triple-blind, randomized trial with 398 consecutive patients. One infection, three suture sinuses, and two incisional hernias occurred among 113 patients with cholecystectomies, while the corresponding rates in 285 patients with hernia repairs were 11 infections, no suture sinuses, and three recurrent hernias. No effect of ampicillin could be demonstrated, nor was any difference between polyglycolic acid and silk sutures shown. No interaction between the antibiotic and suture material was found, and no side effects were observed. Wound infection was significantly more frequent in patients with postoperative seromas or hematomas.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

N-Nitrosodiethanolamine revisited.

N-nitrosodiethanolamine is believed to be a weakly carcinogenic chemical, and as it occurs widely--in consumer products for example--it may constitute a significant hazard to humans. However, the chemical evidence concerning the identity, purity and properties of N-nitrosodiethanolamine is incomplete, and this casts some doubt on the basis of the current interest in this substance. In the present paper a purification procedure of synthetic N-nitrosodiethanolamine based on high-performance liquid chromatography is given. Other fractionation procedures such as gas liquid chromatography, ambient pressure column chromatography and distillation are shown to be inadequate. The purity and identity of purified N-nitrosodiethanolamine is established by means of electron impact and field ionization mass spectrometry, including metastable defocusing and collision induced decomposition techniques. Furthermore, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and, to a lesser extent, infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy are used. Deuterium labelled analogues of N-nitrosodiethanolamine and the parent diethanolamine are employed in rationalizing the results obtained.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1980

The effect in post-menopausal women of natural human and artificial oestrogens on the concentration in serum of prolactin.

25 women aged 53--78 years with at least two years menopause were divided in three groups receiving one of the following oral treatments for three weeks: 2 mg oestradiol-17 beta plus 1 mg oestriol, 4 mg oestradiol-17 beta plus 2 mg oestriol or 50 micrograms ethinyloestradiol daily. Blood samples were collected before, during and after the treatment and the effect on the serum concentration of prolactin, oestradiol-17 beta, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormonee was evaluated. During treatment with natural human oestrogens serum oestradiol-17 beta levels were significantly higher than before treatment. The serum concentration of prolactin was unchanged in patients receiving 2 mg oestradiol-17 beta plus 1 mg oestriol but increased in patients receiving 4 mg oestradiol-17 beta plus 2 mg oestriol or 50 micrograms ethinyl-oestradiol, thus indicating dose-dependence for natural human oestrogens. However, the increase was moderate, and these higher levels were not significantly different from levels of prolactin in serum found in 16 younger women. Concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormon were depressed during treatment, the former to significantly lower levels when higher doses of oestrogens were used.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia IV. The influence of a single dose of suxamethonium.

The effect of a single dose of suxamethonium on cardiac rate and rhythm during halothane anesthesia with babiturate induction was studied in a prospective, triple-blind trial with 28 patients. No atropine was given and patients were not intubated. A slight but significant preponderance of sinus-bradycardia without hemodynamic consequences was found in the group given suxamethonium. Suxamethonium did not provoke ventricular ectopies or conduction disturbances. It is concluded that in anesthesia with barbiturate induction, but without atropine or intubation, the use of a single dose of suxamethonium is a safe procedure with regard to cardiac rate and rhythm.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1978

Arrhythmias during halothane anesthesia. III. The influence of barbiturates.

The effect of barbiturates on cardiac rate and rhythm during halothane anesthesia without intubation was studied in a triple-blind, randomized trial with 28 patients. The test group was premedicated with pentobarbital and induced with thiopental, while the control group was anesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide only. There was a significant preponderance of sinus-bradycardia and supraventricular disturbances in the control group. It is concluded that the use of barbiturates is advantageous because of their ability to suppress enhanced vagal tone.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Does the oesophageal balloon compress oesophageal varices?

The pressure transmitted to the oesophageal wall was measured in 3 patients with bleeding oesophageal varices controlled by balloon tamponade. The pressure transmitted was considerably lower than the pressure inflated, and all patients suffered retrosternal pain when the transmitted pressure rose to 40 mm Hg. Furthermore, the diameters of oesophageal balloons of 23 Sengstaken-Blakemore tubes (Rüsch) were measured at increasing inflation pressure. The compliance was very high. All balloons bulged at median inflation pressures of 75 mm Hg, and the pressures fell to a median of 55 mm Hg unaffected by further inflations. The diameter at 40 mmHg was 27.3 mm. In the light of these observations it remains still to be explained how the oesophageal balloon of the Sengstaken-Blakemore tube effects haemostasis in bleeding oesophageal varices.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗
PubMed1977

Arrhythmias during halothane anaesthesia II: the influence of atropine.

The effect of i.v. atropine premedication on cardiac rhythm was studied in healthy adult patients during thiopental-N2O/O2-halothane anesthesia without intubation. A higher incidnece of arrhythmias was seen in younger patients in close relation to administration of atropine, but the overall incidence during anesthesia was identical in atropine groups and the control groups. The most common arrhythmias were supraventricular ectopies. None of the ECG irregularities led to serious arrhythmias. No consistent changes in blood pressure were observed as the result of arrhythmias or changes in heart rate. It is concluded that atropine should be reserved for situations where severe bradycardia and hypotension occur, or can be expected to occur, and not given automatically, since cardioacceleration which is inherent in its action may be injurious to patients with limited cardiac reserve.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amniotic fluid prolactin, decidual prolactin content and decidual prolactin secretion into hypo-, iso-, and sodium chloride hyperosmotic media in vitro in pregnant diabetics at term.

This study evaluated in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus (DM) the prolactin (PRL) concentration in amniotic fluid (A-PRL), the initial decidual PRL content (D-PRL), and the decidual PRL secretion (D-PRL-s) in vitro into isosmotic (315 mmol/kg), hyperosmotic (426 mmol/kg) and hyposmotic (252 mmol/kg) media. Decidual tissue was collected at term from 18 normal pregnancies and from 23 women with DM (White's classification: 7 of class A (without insulin treatment) and 16 of the classes B-F. Twelve of the women with DM had signs of hydramnion. Amniotic fluid specimens were collected from 52 normal pregnancies and 17 of the women with DM. No significant difference was found between normals and diabetics when D-PRL, D-PRL-s into isosmotic medium and A-PRL were compared. No trends could be detected when the insulin treated women were grouped according to White's classification. The increment of D-PRL-s into hyperosmotic medium was 15% in normals (p less than 0.001 compared with isosmotic medium), in the DM group 23% for the non-insulin-treated women (p less than 0.05 when compared with normals) and 25% for the insulin treated women (p less than 0.01). In normals the hyposmotic medium reduced D-PRL-s by secretion 19% (p less than 0.001 compared with isosmotic medium) but no significant difference was observed between normals and diabetic groups (p greater than 0.10). In the group of diabetics no significant difference was found in any of the PRL quantities investigated between those with and without hydramnion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗