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Biomedical subjects

J Robillard

Publications and source records attributed to J Robillard.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Differences in treatment and survival rates of non-small-cell lung cancer in three regions of France.

Treatment and survival rates of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were compared between three French Cancer Registries (Calvados, Doubs, Tarn). The methodological issues in such comparisons are discussed. The treatments for NSCLC differed between the regions: radiotherapy tended to be preferred in Calvados (73% vs 21.3% surgery), whereas surgery was more frequently employed in Doubs and Tarn (27.7% and 37% respectively). The percentage of cases receiving no therapeutic treatment ranged from 7.8% (Calvados) to 26% (Tarn). Despite the differences in treatment, the overall survival rates were similar in the three regions. Adjustment for treatment in such a descriptive study may be misleading since different therapeutic strategies in different regions may lead to selection of patients of systematically better or poorer prognosis in the various treatment groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Descriptive epidemiology of gynecologic and breast cancers].

The epidemiology of gynecological and breast cancers are better known in France as a result of the mortality data provided by INSERM and the mortality data obtained from the French Tumor Register. Breast cancers are the most common form of cancer in women, accounting for about 30 p. cent of tumors (excluding skin cancers) followed by cancers of the uterine cervix, uterine body and the ovary. The change in incidence shows a definite reduction in the number of uterine cancers over the past 10 years, whereas the incidence of breast cancers is rising by 1 to 2 p. cent per year. Mortality due to breast cancer has risen steadily in France since 1950, particularly in higher age groups. At birth, the risk of developing a breast cancers is 7 p. cent, i.e. one woman in 14 will develop a breast cancer. The figures for cancers of the uterus and ovary are much lower. Survival curves for various types of cancer confirm the steady decline in survival for breast cancers, whereas for cancers of the cervix, uterine body and ovary, mortality rates stabilize after 5 years. The risk of a secondary cancer remains very high for breast tumors, and half the cases of a secondary tumor involve a contralateral breast tumor. In general, there is an increased risk of a secondary cancer after a primary gynecological tumor.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Results of a phase II study of the combination of cis-platinum and 5-FU in epidermoid or undifferentiated large cell bronchial cancer].

The aim of this study was to test cisplatinum and 5-FU chemotherapy. Thirty-five patients with epidermoid or undifferentiated lung carcinoma were entered in a multicentric phase II trial, in an attempt to further define the activity and toxicity of this association. None of them had been previously treated by chemotherapy. The dosage schedule was cisplatinum 100 mg/m2 D1 and 5-FU 1 g/m2 D1 to D5 every 3 weeks for 3 courses before evaluation. There were CR: 2, PR: 10, for a total response rate of 35%. Median survival was 7 months. Tolerance was acceptable. We conclude that this association can be safely administered, but that the results are not superior to others previously reported. Further studies are required to define the activity of a cisplatinum, 5-FU and radiotherapy association.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Rational choice of a diagnostic test for the detection of bone metastases in breast cancer as a function of prevalence (based on the Bayes theorem)].

Since 1976 to 1978 inclusive, 465 patients with primary breast cancers underwent whole body analogical scintiscans, 456 numerical scans, and 453 were X-rayed. Ninety per cent received axillary node ablation, 62% presented adenopathies of which a third were capsular ruptures and 54% were T3 and T4. In 53 patients, the presence of metastasis was estimated by clinical evaluation. In 38 patients, metastasis were confirmed. Probability for the patient to present metastasis when the test is positive, is: P (M/T +) = Se.p/(Se.p) + (1-p) + (1-p) (1-Spe) Probability when the test is negative is: P (M/T -) = p(1-Spe)/p(1-Se) + (1-p)Spe p = prevalence Se = sensibility Spe = specificity Performance of the test is the probability of obtaining a correct result is: P = (f1) - (f2) = (f3) The (f3) curves were plotted for each of the three tests. For a prevalence of 11% (clinical estimate) the X-ray or analogical scintiscans tests achieve the same performance, but that for a prevalence of 8% (exact number) the radiological examination yields the best. In two cases, numerical scan is better.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1986

Effect of acidosis and hypoxia on intestinal blood flow of sheep fetus.

In sheep fetuses 110-130 days of age acidosis (blood pH 6.95; produced by infusion with 1.1 M lactic acid) significantly lowered blood flow (ml/min/100g) to the full thickness wall of the jejunum from 135 +/- 11 to 93 +/- 14 and in the full thickness wall of the ileum from 122 +/- 13 to 95 +/- 11. The decrease was mainly due to the decline in blood flow to mucosa of the segment, where flow decreased from 182 +/- 20 to 83 +/- 14 in the jejunum and from 130 +/- 10 to 107 +/- 9 in the ileum. Fetal hypoxemia (PaO2 of 14.9 mm Hg; induced by allowing ewes to breath 11.1% O2 and 88.9% nitrogen) reduced blood flow only to the jejunal mucosa from 142 +/- 14 to 99 +/- 16. The reduction in blood flow to the full thickness wall of the jejunum and the ileum did not change significantly from the control period, when PaO2 was 25 mm Hg.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1985

[Treatment of gastroparesis by primperan].

The motor action of Primperan on the stomach is discussed. This action causes a significant acceleration in gastric emptying, as a result of an increased contractile activity of the stomach and a duodeno-gastric synergy. The clinical activity of Primperan in diabetic, post-surgical and idiopathic gastroparesis has been confirmed by means of double blind s studies. The daily administration of 40 mg of Primperan, in 4 divided doses before meals and at bedtime, leads to a statistically significant improvement in the gastro-intestinal symptoms of these patients.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1985

[Cancer registry of Calvados, hospital registry of the François- Baclesse Center and mortality statistics: comparisons].

Incidence rates of the cancer registry of the department of Calvados were compared, by site and by age group, with those obtained from the cancer registry of the comprehensive cancer center in Caen, concerning the population of the department of Calvados. In males, these rates are approximately similar for head and neck sites; for the hospital registry they are 50% of those recorded by the population registry for lung cancer, and 30% for prostatic cancer. In females, the all-sites rates are nearly identical for the youngest age groups and 50% for the older. They are not significantly different for digestive cancer, and 75% for cervix and breast cancer. The incidence rates of both registries were compared with mortality rates. They indicate mortality rates which appear relatively high for the pancreas, and they show imprecisions for the uterus and head and neck (pharynx-larynx) sites.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Giant axonal neuropathy: normal protein composition of neurofilaments.

A 14-year-old boy had progressive weakness and ataxia since two years of age with tightly curled hair, facial diplegia, distal weakness and hypaesthesia, cerebellar syndrome and normal intelligence. He also had distal renal tubular acidosis manifested by metabolic acidosis. Sural nerve ultrastructure showed numerous giant axons packed with neurofilaments. The neurofilament major proteins of 68 000, 160 000 and 210 000 daltons found in normal sural nerve were also present in the diseased nerve indicating that the protein composition of neurofilaments which accumulates in this disorder has not been appreciably altered. The amount of 68 000 dalton neurofilament protein was two times higher in giant axonal neuropathy nerve than in the control nerve. Our results suggest that the neurofibrillary pathology in giant axonal neuropathy is due to a build-up of normal neurofilaments.

Acidosis, Renal Tubular↗
PubMed1983

Cancer registries: their interest and practical problems.

Cancer registries record all new cases of cancer within the population they survey. Thus they provide accurate regional measurements of cancer morbidity and mortality and their geographical distribution. This form of epidemiology allows the study of regional variations and alterations with the passage of time. It also allows the study of environmental factors that might cause cancer. The work of the French regional cancer registries is described to illustrate these points. The problems of running a cancer registry are also set out and suggestions are made for future organization. The statistics gathered by such registries indicate possible methods for the early detection and treatment of some cancers and provide evidence of the long-term effects of all kinds of therapy. The socio-economic aspects of cancer can also be measured by the registry, thus providing valuable data for use in the planning of health care in any community.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed1981

[Cancer of the oesophagus. The cost of investigations for metastases (author's transl)].

The choice of methods for detecting metastases in cancer patients should be governed by two basic considerations: the frequency of the metastases investigated, and the cost-benefit ratio of the available techniques. The concept of "cost per metastasis" is closely related to both factors. Far from being adverse to good medicine, it helps the clinician to make judicious choices, spares the patient unnecessary weariness and reduces to a minimum the duration of pre-therapeutic evaluation.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Clinical experience with the activated clotting time for the control of heparin and protamine therapy during cardiopulmonary bypass.

The clinical experience with the activated clotting time (ACT) for the control of heparin and protamine therapy during cardiopulmonary bypass in 70 patients (50 adults and 20 children) is reviewed. After a standard dose of 2 mg/kg of body weight of heparin, the patient's ACT ranged from 210 to more than 600 seconds. The heparin dose required to accomplish an ACT of 500 seconds ranged from 1.3 to 4.7 mg/kg for adults and from 2 to 4.5 mg/kg for children. At the termination of bypass, the assessment of the patient's heparin level with the ACT allowed a more accurate reversal with protamine and markedly reduced the protamine requirements. Although the postoperative drainage was not significantly decreased, the total amount of blood transfusion and fresh-frozen plasma and platelet requirements were reduced by 30%, 20%, and 20% respectively. The simple, easy-to-use protocol is presented in detail.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[The use of histo-scintigraphic correlations in the detection of osteomedullary metastases secondary to visceral neoplasms (author's transl)].

Disagreement has been observed between the results of bone scan using technetium polyphosphate interpreted quantitatively by local counting and the results of bone-marrow biopsy. This led us to demonstrate the possibility of rare "false-negatives" on histopathological examination related to faulty technique in histological preparations. These "false-negatives" (5 cases ot of 166 biopsies examined) would not appear to require a need for exhaustive examination of all specimens. We therefore suggest that the results of isotopic bone scan should be taken into account in the determination of the technique which should be used in the preparation of sections for histological examination of the biopsy. If the quantitative scan is doubtful or positive, the first four levels of sectins taken every 100 microns in the mounting block should be examined first. If these first four levels are negative, the whole of the remainder of the block is examined and sections are taken every 100 microns (i.e. 15 to 20 sections per case). When quantitative scan is negative, the standard technique of examination of 3 to 4 levels of sections distributed throughout the block seems to be adequate.

Biopsy↗