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Biomedical subjects

J Rust

Publications and source records attributed to J Rust.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Non-genetic and non-gestational parenthood: consequences for parent-child relationships and the psychological well-being of mothers, fathers and children at age 3.

BACKGROUND: Findings are presented of the third phase of a longitudinal study of children conceived by assisted reproduction procedures involving surrogacy and/or donor conception. METHODS: At the time of the child's third birthday, 34 surrogacy families, 41 donor insemination families and 41 oocyte donation families were compared with 67 natural conception families on standardized interview and questionnaire measures of the psychological well-being of the parents, mother-child relationships and the psychological well-being of the child. RESULTS: The differences found between family types reflected higher levels of warmth and interaction between mothers and their 3-year-old children in assisted reproduction families than in families with a naturally conceived child. A higher proportion of surrogacy parents than donor conception parents had told their children about the nature of their birth. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that the absence of a genetic and/or gestational link between parents and their child does not have a negative impact on parent-child relationships or the psychological well-being of mothers, fathers or children at age 3.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The European study of assisted reproduction families: the transition to adolescence.

BACKGROUND: Findings are presented of the second phase of a European longitudinal study of families created by assisted reproduction. The present investigation reports on data obtained during the child's transition to adolescence. METHODS: A total of 102 IVF families, 94 donor insemination (DI) families, 102 adoptive families, and 102 families with a naturally conceived child were compared on standardized interview and questionnaire measures of parenting and children's psychological well-being. RESULTS: The assisted reproduction families were similar to the adoptive and natural conception families for many of the measures of the quality of parent-child relationships. To the extent that differences were found between the assisted reproduction families and the other family types, these reflected mainly more positive functioning among the assisted reproduction families, with the possible exception of the overinvolvement with their children of a small proportion of assisted reproduction mothers and fathers. The assisted reproduction children were functioning well and did not differ from the adoptive or naturally conceived children on any of the measures of psychological adjustment. However, only 8.6% had been told about their genetic origins. CONCLUSIONS: IVF and DI families with an early adolescent child appear to be functioning well.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2000

The role of brothers and sisters in the gender development of preschool children.

The study examined whether the sex of older siblings influences the gender role development of younger brothers and sisters of age 3 years. Data on the Pre-School Activities Inventory, a measure of gender role behavior that discriminates within as well as between the sexes, were obtained in a general population study for 527 girls and 582 boys with an older sister, 500 girls and 561 boys with an older brother, and 1665 singleton girls and 1707 singleton boys. It was found that boys with older brothers and girls with older sisters were more sex-typed than same-sex singletons who, in turn, were more sex-typed than children with other-sex siblings. Having an older brother was associated with more masculine and less feminine behavior in both boys and girls, whereas boys with older sisters were more feminine but not less masculine and girls with older sisters were less masculine but not more feminine.

Birth Order↗
PubMed1993

The measurement of gender role behaviour in pre-school children: a research note.

The development and construction of a new psychometric scale, the Pre-School Activities Inventory (PSAI) for the assessment of gender role behaviour in young children, is reported. The test specification, piloting and item analysis are described. Data are also given on reliability and on the various validation procedures used, as well as on age standardization and norming.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1991

Safe transportation for infants with severe hydrocephalus.

Attention must be devoted to proper positioning and selection of an appropriate child restraint system for infants with severe hydrocephalus to reduce the risk of potential injury during motor vehicle travel. Due to the infant's head size, parents may fear the head and neck will fall forward, or they may encounter difficulty positioning the head forward-facing in a child safety seat. Two case studies illustrate how a commercially available infant-only care seat can be modified to accommodate the infant with severe hydrocephalus and how use of a car bed restraint can meet positioning needs of these infants.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1989

Condom use among homosexual men.

A postal questionnaire survey of 262 homosexual men was carried out to investigate patterns of sexual behaviour and the use of condoms. Two hundred and twenty-nine of these subjects had been sexually active during the past year, with the mean number of male sexual partners being 8.09. One hundred and eighty men engaged in oral sex, and 117 ejaculated during this activity, of whom 103 (88%) did not use a condom. One hundred and sixteen men had engaged in insertive anal intercourse in the past year, and 102 had ejaculated during this activity. Of these, 32 did not use a condom. Some, however, only engaged in this activity within a monogamous relationship. The overall proportion of men who continued to engage in very high-risk sexual activity was small, however a different picture emerged if the sample was analysed in terms of the number of encounters with different men during the past year. Of the total estimated number of such encounters, almost half involved anal intercourse, and about half of these were unprotected. The reason for the apparent discrepancy is that those who continue to engage in high risk behaviour tend to be particularly sexually active.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Religiosity, schizotypal thinking, and schizophrenia.

The relationship between religiosity and the incidence of schizotypal thinking was investigated in a normal sample and in acute and chronic schizophrenic samples. The Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions was administered to measure schizotypal thinking, and two religiosity measures were developed. Religiosity had a significantly negative relationship with schizotypal thinking in normal subjects, while in schizophrenic patients the relationship was positive and significantly different. It is suggested that the process of existential growth of awareness in the normal development of religious belief, which is thought to be associated with schizotypal thinking, may have proceeded differently in persons suffering from schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Condom failure among homosexual men.

Following a postal questionnaire survey of 262 homosexual men carried out to investigate condom use during sexual activity, a sample of 97 men who used condoms during anogenital sex was identified. Thirty-one percent of those who had used a condom during anal intercourse reported at least one incident of condom breakage. When looked at in terms of frequency of individual condom use, it was found that 1 in 27 condoms break during this activity. Examination of the reasons for breakage and a review of the literature indicated that physical stress on the condom is likely to be a major factor in these incidents.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions (RISC).

The Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions (RISC) is a new, psychometrically constructed, short questionnaire for assessing the schizotypal cognitions associated with the positive symptoms of acute schizophrenia. It differs from previous scales in having been developed and standardized with special attention to normal distribution in the general population, and in emphasizing cognitive content rather than cognitive deficit. The scale has good reliability and validity, and it can clearly discriminate acute schizophrenic subjects from normal subjects. Although containing no obviously extreme items, the scale, in its cumulative effect, may be used to identify bizarre and eccentric thought patterns, and as an estimate of risk in the general population for schizotypal symptoms phenomenologically related to acute schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Personality dimensions through the schizophrenia borderline.

While the schizoid dimension of personality has often been thought to be unitary, it has recently been suggested that several dimensions may be involved. In this study two separately derived normal population personality scales from within the psychoticism domain, the Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions (RISC), a scale designed to measure the positive cognitive schizotypal dimension, and the Eysencks' P scale from within the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, were administered to a group of 608 Venezuelan university students. It was found that the RISC and the EPQ had only a small correlation of 0.12. It was concluded that at least two dimensions were involved in the schizophrenic/normal spectrum, and that the EPQ Psychoticism scale was in fact measuring a dimension of personality disorder rather than a general factor of psychoticism.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Marital problems and sexual dysfunction: how are they related?

In a study of 28 attenders of a sexual and marital clinic, the relationship between marital distress and both general and specific sexual dysfunctions was investigated. It was found that for men there was a much closer relationship between sexual and marital problems than for women. In particular, it was noted that the specific male sexual dysfunctions of impotence and premature ejaculation played a much larger part in marital discord than did the female dysfunctions of anorgasmia and vaginismus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The Rust Inventory of Schizoid Cognitions (RISC): a psychometric measure of psychoticism in the normal population.

The Rust Inventory of Schizoid Cognitions (RISC) is a new, psychometrically constructed, cognitively based, short questionnaire of psychoticism. It differs from previous scales in having been developed and standardized with special attention to normal distribution in the general population, using cognitive theory to generate the relevant test specification. The scale has good reliability and validity, and can clearly discriminate acute schizophrenics from normals. Although containing no obviously extreme items, its cumulative effect may be used to assess the prevalence of bizarre and eccentric thought patterns in psychiatric patients, and as an estimate of psychotic risk in the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

EEG alpha rhythm and eyelid flutter.

A single case of one-to-one correspondence between eyelid flutter and EEG alpha rhythm is reported. It arose during a battery of experiments into possible personality correlates of eyelid conditioning, EEG evoked potential and skin potential habituation, involving over 400 subjects. The reported phenomenon lasted for one burst of 24 sec. and another of 6 sec. during 40 min. of recording on one subject. The observation is considered in the light of reported cases of links between EEG alpha and epileptic seizure and also between EEG alpha, Parkinsonism, and finger tremor. A time-keeping role for EEG alpha in the brain is postulated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Comparative incidence of reticuloendothelial tumors in C57BL mice after exposure to tritiated water].

A total of 2,377 C 57 Bl/6M mice were assigned to control groups and experimental groups exposed to tritiated water administered as a pulse injection or in drinking water, at a dose of 1.0 microCi per injection or per ml of drinking water. Weanlings were observed for the duration of life span. Data analysis was based on two coefficient estimates (1) individual carcinogenic induction coefficient and (2) specific tumorigenic induction coefficient. The carcinogenic potency of tritium was found to be dual in nature in enhancing the absolute induction of lymphocytic lymphomas in both sexes as well as their relative induction in competition with reticulo-endothelial tumors of other types.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The GRISS: a psychometric instrument for the assessment of sexual dysfunction.

The Golombok Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction (GRISS) is a short 28-item questionnaire for assessing the existence and severity of sexual problems. The design, construction, and item analysis of the GRISS are described. The two separate male and female scales are shown to have high split-half reliabilities of 0.94 for women and 0.87 for men. Validation of change scores in the GRISS on 30 clinical couples, before and after therapy, showed correlations with therapists' blind ratings of 0.54 (p less than 0.001) for men and 0.43 (p less than 0.01) for women. Discriminatory validity between clinical (n = 69) and nonclinical (n = 59) groups was r = 0.63 for women and r = 0.37 for men. The 12 subscales of impotence, premature ejaculation, anorgasmia, vaginismus, noncommunication, infrequency, male and female avoidance, male and female nonsensuality, and male and female dissatisfaction are also shown to have good reliability and validity.

Female↗