In vitro transformation of cell lines from human salivary gland tumors.
Explanted cells from salivary gland tumors are particularly difficult to propagate in vitro and not efficiently immortalized by agents such as simian virus 40. Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) has been widely used to transform cells of epithelial origin, but its use for salivary gland cell transformation has not been described. In this study, we employed viral constructs containing the E6/E7 genes of HPV16 to infect and stably transform 9 salivary gland tumor cell cultures. Four of the tumor cell cultures were derived from benign tumors and 5 from malignant tumors. All of the original cell cultures were diploid; however, 6 contained subpopulations of cells with structural abnormalities. All 9 cell cultures were successfully transformed, and 8 were immortalized. The resulting cell lines have decreased serum requirements, exhibit a high proliferation rate, are E6/E7-positive and form colonies in soft agar. Immuno-histochemical and molecular studies confirmed that the transformed cells were indeed epithelial/myoepithelial in origin. All of the transformed cell lines had a diploid or near-diploid karyotype, and 2 contained the original translocated chromosomes in all cells. Our report represents a new application of the E6/E7 system in immortalizing salivary gland cell cultures, resulting in retention of the cellular features found in the native tissue without a general destabilization of the karyotype. These types of tissue culture resources should prove useful for positional cloning and functional studies of genes involved in salivary gland oncogenesis.