PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J T Flannery

Publications and source records attributed to J T Flannery.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Cancer prevention: the tumor registry connection.

Population-based tumor registries collect data on all cancer patients within a defined geographic area. The information they provide on demographic factors and tumor characteristics contribute greatly to the conduct of etiologic studies. Illustrations based on data reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry include examples from case-control and retrospective cohort studies, from investigations of multiple primary cancers and precursor lesions, and from a plan to develop a surveillance system for cancers related to occupation and smoking. This statewide project calls for hospitals to collect, on admission of all in-patients, basic data on occupation/business and smoking status and to enter this information on the patient's admission form. These data are to be included subsequently in the tumor record of each cancer patient in the State, thus enhancing the value and usefulness of the Connecticut Tumor Registry.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cancer incidence among cosmetologists.

This cohort study examined cancer incidence in 13,650 Connecticut cosmetologists who had held licenses for 5 years or more and had begun hairdressing school prior to January 1, 1966. Cancer incidence rates for the general Connecticut population, 1935-78, were compared with those for 11,845 female and 1,805 male cosmetologists. The females had a standardized cancer incidence ratio (SIR) of 112 (P less than .01). A significant excess of lung cancer (SIR = 141) and excesses of brain (SIR = 168) and ovarian cancer (SIR = 134) of borderline significance were observed. No significant cancer risk was evident for female cosmetologists licensed since 1935, even for those with 35 years or more of follow-up, although the SIRs for brain cancer, lymphoma, and leukemia were elevated. Female cosmetologists who entered the profession between 1925 and 1934, however, experienced a significant overall cancer incidence (SIR = 129) and significant excesses of respiratory, breast, corpus uterine, and ovarian cancers. Those with 35 years or more from time of first license appeared to be at the highest risk. Among males the overall cancer incidence rate was close to that expected (SIR = 105). Smoking habits and reproductive factors that could not be taken into account may explain some of the excesses among females. Although no specific occupational agent could be identified, the excess numbers of leukemias in females and brain cancers among males and females merit continued surveillance.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Cancer risk among women exposed to exogenous estrogens during pregnancy.

A cohort of 3,139 obstetric patients, who delivered children between 1946 and 1965, was followed retrospectively to assess the relationship between exposure to diethylstilbestrol [(DES) CAS: 56-53-1; alpha, alpha'-diethyl-4,4'-stilbenediol] or other estrogenic substances during pregnancy and subsequent cancer incidence. Among the 1,531 women exposed to DES, the relative risk (RR) for all cancers was 1.46 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-2.00]. The RR for cancers of the breast, cervix, and ovary were 1.37 (adjusted), 1.40, and 2.83, respectively, but none of these estimates was statistically significant. For breast cancer an RR in excess of 2.28 can be excluded, with 95% CI for doses averaging 2,100 mg. Within the exposed group there was no evidence for a dose-response relationship.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Second primary malignancies following salivary gland cancers.

Four hundred and fifteen males and 367 females who had invasive malignant tumours of the salivary glands as their first cancer diagnosed in Connecticut between 1935 and 1978 were identified and followed 2342 and 2868 person-years respectively. Overall a slight excess of second primary cancers (relative risk 1.35) was observed. Significant excesses were noted for respiratory cancers in males (relative risk 2.8) and for ovarian cancer (relative risk 5.3) but not breast cancer (relative risk 1.3) in women. Possible reasons for excesses at these sites are discussed, but it seems most likely they are related to small number variation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Cancer in mothers of dizygotic twins.

For the determination of whether mothers of dizygous (DZ) male-female twins or other polyzygous (unlike sexed) multiple births have cancer incidence different from that of controls, a cohort study was conducted with the use of the records of the Connecticut Twin Registry and the Connecticut Tumor Registry (CTR). A total of 3,982 women born between 1885 and 1935 who had borne DZ (male-female) twins or who had experienced other polyzygous multiple births in Connecticut during 1925-59 and a control group of 3,982 women, matched pairwise on year of childbirth, age, number of previous children, race, and national origin, were searched in the CTR for the incidence of cancer of all sites. Women who have DZ twins have a higher level of gonadotropins than women in the general population. A hypothesis that mothers of DZ twins may have a higher incidence of breast cancers than other women was investigated; the results did not support the hypothesis. There was, however, an excess incidence of cancer of the pancreas among mothers of twins. The relative risk was 3.2 (P = 0.026, exact two-tail probability) with exact 95% confidence limits (1.12, 11.16). These results are consistent with findings from autopsy data which suggested that among women but not among men with pancreatic duct cell carcinoma, there is excessive gonadotropic activity. These results are also consistent with early findings of high follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the urine of diabetics and high FSH in the urine of postmenopausal women.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A retrospective cohort analysis of second breast cancer risk for primary breast cancer patients with an assessment of the effect of radiation therapy.

Second breast cancer experience was examined for 27,175 primary breast cancer patients diagnosed in the State of Connecticut during 1935-75 with follow-up for second breast cancers through 1980. The overall ratio of observed to expected second breast cancers was 3.2. Relative risk was found to be inversely related to age at diagnosis and directly related to stage of the first breast cancer. The overall risk of second breast cancers was 711 per 100,000 person-years at risk. Risk of second breast cancers showed a similar relationship to age and stage as relative risk and was also directly related to calendar period of diagnosis of the first breast cancer. Some interactions were observed because patients less than 45 years old at diagnosis with positive nodes had elevated risks and relative risks in the early followup period, whereas less of an effect of stage on relative risk and risk was seen for older patients. The effect of the use of adjunctive radiation therapy on second breast cancer risk was also assessed by the ratio of the risk of second breast cancers for those patients who received both surgery and radiation to the risk of those patients who only received surgery being estimated for patients diagnosed during 1935-59 and for patients diagnosed during 1960-75. For both cohorts relative risks of 1.2-1.4 were found for the 5-year period immediately following diagnosis, likely resulting from the uncontrolled effect of stage in the analysis. Elevated long-term relative risks were not found for patients diagnosed during 1935-59. A long-term marginally statistically significant relative risk of 1.4 (greater than or equal to 10 yr after diagnosis) was found for patients diagnosed during 1960-75. The data do not indicate an overall pattern of relative risks consistent with an effect on long-term second breast cancer risk of radiation exposure to the opposite breast incurred during adjunctive radiation therapy for a first breast cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Mesothelioma in Connecticut, 1955-1977. Occupational and geographic associations.

All cases of malignant mesothelioma (201) and other primary malignant pleural tumors (19) reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1955 through 1977 were studied in an attempt to identify high-risk jobs, industries and geographic locations and to estimate the risk attributable to asbestos exposure in the workplace. Data were obtained from hospital records, death certificates and city directories for cases, case spouses and a random sample (604) of Connecticut decedents (1955-1975). Three cases involved histories of work in asbestos products manufacture, but there was no evidence of residential risk in that geographic area. Relative risk (RR) for carpenters and cabinetmakers was 2.25 (p less than .05); for plumbers and pipefitters, 3.87 (p less than .05); and for persons "ever employed" in the rubber industry, 5.08 (p less than .01). Occupational exposure was indicated in 85% of the cases; attributable risk (AR) was 36%. Risk increased with greater exposure and older age. AR was 81% in men aged 70 to 89 years at diagnosis. Reduction of unnecessary occupational asbestos exposure remains the highest public health priority.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Referral patterns of childhood brain tumors in the state of Connecticut.

Data from the Connecticut Tumor Registry (1968-1979) were analyzed to determined whether referral patterns influenced survival rates in children with brain tumors. Two-hundred-seventy-eight children with brain tumors were identified. Less that one-third of the children received all their treatment at university cancer centers. An actuarial analysis of survival rates revealed that children with medulloblastomas treated solely at university cancer centers had projected five-year survival rates of 7.4%. Children with medulloblastomas treated solely at community hospitals had projected five-year survival rates of 29%. Children with brainstem gliomas treated at university cancer centers had projected five-year survival rates of 40% whereas of those children treated at community hospitals only one patient was alive at 13 months. No major differences in survival were identified among children with other tumor types. These data suggest that children with certain types of brain tumors may fare better when treated at university cancer centers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Childhood cancer in offspring of two Wilms tumor survivors.

A search was made for cancers among offspring and siblings of 149 Connecticut-born children with Wilms tumor reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry during 1935 to 1973. Nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma developed in the daughter of a man with unilateral Wilms tumor that also affected his sister. Hodgkin disease developed in the daughter of a woman who had unilateral Wilms tumor. One other patient had a sibling with Wilms tumor and three had a sibling with other cancers (two Hodgkin disease, one testicular seminoma). The survey suggests an excess risk of other forms of cancer among the progeny and siblings of Wilms tumor patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Suicide rates among cancer patients in Connecticut.

This study derives age-sex specific standardized mortality ratios (SMR's) among cancer (ca) patients with respect to population suicide rates. Suicide rates were derived for all 144,530 ca patients in the Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1940-1973. We also derived rates by number of years since diagnosis (y-s-dx) and by decade of dx. We hypothesized beforehand that suicide rates will (1) be higher in ca patients than the population; (2) be higher soon after dx than in later y-s-dx; (3) vary directly with spread of disease at dx, highest for metastatic, lowest for local. We address hypotheses (1) and (2) here. After collapsing age groups and y-s-dx in the observed 192 ca patient suicides, SMR's derived for age, sex and y-s-dx were tested with an exact Poisson distribution. Overall, SMR for males was significantly elevated (230, P less than 0.005), but not for females. In males, a test for trend in SMR's with y-s-dx showed a significant decline, supporting hypothesis (2) for males (chi2 = 4.0, df = 1, P less than 0.05). No trend was found for decade of dx. On combining decades, male SMR's were significantly elevated in 10 of the 25 cells of age by y-s-dx, while none of the female cells was significant. We conclude that both hypotheses were supported for males, and neither for females.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Trends in the incidence of cancer of the corpus uteri in Connecticut, 1964-1979, in relation to consumption of exogenous estrogens.

The incidence of cancer of the uterine corpus diagnosed in the localized 1964 and 1969. During the next six years, however, it increased substantially, reaching a peak in 1975, followed by an irregular decline through 1979. Women aged 45-64 years showed both the largest increase and the sharpest decline. The incidence of tumors diagnosed with regional or distant spread has been rising slightly but consistently through the period 1970-1979; this upward trend is statistically significant (p less than 0.01). Rates corrected for hysterectomized women not truly at risk are 40-50% higher than uncorrected rates but trends are the same. Explanations which are considered are changes in diagnostic practices and changes in risk factor prevalence. The use of noncontraceptive oral estrogens, a well documented risk factor for endometrial cancer, increased between 1964 and 1975 and then declined sharply through 1979 in the United States. The importance of these compounds in explaining the observed incidence trends is considered in terms of the major time- and stage-specific features of the exogenous estrogen-endometrial cancer association reported in the case-control studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Scrotal carcinoma in Connecticut metalworkers: sequel to a study of sinonasal cancer.

An excess risk for sinonasal cancer among Connecticut metalworkers with potential exposure to cutting oils led to the hypothesis of a relationship between the same occupational category and squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum. Cases of this latter tumor (n = 45) diagnosed in 1935-1973 were identified by the Connecticut Tumor Registry. For decedents, male controls from Connecticut death certificates were matched to decedent cases on age, year of birth, and availability of occupational information; for living subjects, male controls from records of the Connecticut Department of Motor Vehicles were matched on the above variables and town of residence. Death certificates and city directories provided occupational information. For the narrowly defined indicator of cutting oil exposure (toolmaker, setter, set-up man, hardener, polisher, automatic screw machine operator), the odds ratio for squamous cell carcinoma of the scrotum was 4.9, 95% confidence limits (CL): 1.8, 15.9. The broad indicator of cutting oil exposure (not otherwise specified) categories plus machinist and machine operator (not otherwise specified) had an odds ratio of 10.5, 95% CL: 4.0, 36.9 and explained 57% of the cancers. For this broad category, the risk persisted in the most recent time period of diagnosis, 1966-1973 (OR = 18.6). For this broad category, major biases could not be detected when the following additional covariables were taken into account individually where possible: source of occupation, nativity, town of residence, stage at diagnosis, and cause of death. City directory and death certificate information implied that at least 80% of cases in the high risk category worked in the Connecticut region before age 40.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Second cancers following radiotherapy for cervical cancer.

Incidence of second primary cancers was evaluated in 7,127 women with invasive cancer of the cervix uteri, diagnosed between 1935 and 1978, and followed up to 38 years (average, 8.9 yr) in Connecticut. Among 5,997 women treated with radiation, 449 developed second primary cancers compared with 313 expected (relative risk = 1.4) on the basis of rates from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Excess incidence was noticeable 15 years or more after radiotherapy and attributed mostly to cancers of sites in or near the radiation field, especially the bladder, kidneys, rectum, corpus uteri, and ovaries. No excess was found for these sites among the 1,130 nonirradiated women. The ratio of observed to expected cancers for these sites did not vary appreciably by age at irradiation. The data suggested that high-dose pelvic irradiation was associated with increase in cancers of the bladder, kidneys, rectum, ovaries, corpus uteri, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma but, apparently, not leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer, or colon cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Sinonasal cancer and occupation: a case-control study.

In reviews of malignancy and occupation, cancer of the nose and paranasal sinuses (sinonasal cancer (SNC) is frequently mentioned. In a case-control study of SNC among subjects who died in Connecticut in the period 1935--1975, occupations from death certificates and city directories were compared to job titles taken from previous literature. The results do not support an association of the cancer with nickel (odds ratio = 0.7, 95% confidence limits (CL): 0.4, 1.5) but do support an association with cutting oils (odds ratio = 2.8, 95% CL: 1.4, 5.7) and wood dust (odds ratio = 4.0, 95% CL: 1.5, 10.8). Actual exposure to these agents was not documented, but the results were consistent with other features of the study and with previous literature. In a search for other occupational correlates, SNC was also found to be positively associated with cutters and with construction workers.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The influence of occupational and environmental asbestos exposure on the incidence of malignant mesothelioma in Connecticut.

Medical, occupational and demographic data were collected for 229 cases of malignant mesothelioma and 38 other pleural tumours, their spouses, and 605 controls. Methods were developed for classifying subjects into probable asbestos exposure categories. Although disease incidence rates exhibited a rapid increase from 1955 to 1977, there remains a serious question of diagnostic reliability. A case review is being undertaken.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

Malignant melanoma of the vagina--report of 19 cases.

Sixteen previously unreported cases of primary vaginal melanoma were studied, 8 from the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (1935 to 1976) and 8 from the Connecticut Tumor Registry (1934 to 1976). In addition, 3 previously reported cases from the former institution are updated. Local control was obtained by means of primary radical surgery in 5 of 7 patients, 3 of whom are known to have subsequently died of disseminated disease. One patient initially treated with radical surgery had a local recurrence with metastasis to a regional node, but has now survived for more than 14 years following a second radical surgical procedure. Eight patients were treated primarily with radiotherapy, and 6 have died with metastatic melanoma; another died following pelvic exenteration for persistent local disease. Only 1 patient showed evidence of transient control after radiotherapy, but this patient had a local recurrence 36 months later and died with metastases. The overall 5-year survival rate for these 19 patients was 21%.

Adult↗