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Biomedical subjects

J T Flannery

Publications and source records attributed to J T Flannery.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Occupations of fathers of patients with Wilms's tumour.

A case-control study of 149 Connecticut-born children with Wilms's tumour reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry during the period 1935--1973 and of 149 matched controls was undertaken in order to explore the possibility that children with Wilms's tumour may have been exposed perinatally to carcinogenic agents. The occupation of the father at the time of the child's birth was investigated and used as an indicator of potential sources of carcinogens to which infants in the study may have been exposed. An association was found between paternal occupations related to lead in the group developing Wilms's tumour compared with the controls.

Carcinogens↗
PubMed1978

Intracranial neoplasms in infants.

Fifty-four primary intracranial neoplasms occurred in infants (18 months of age or younger) in Connecticut during a 40-year period, 1935 to 1974. Thirty percent were medulloblastomas and 16% were ependymal neoplasms. An equal number of males and females were affected. Forty percent were located in the cerebellum, 37% in the cerebral hemispheres, and 17% in the brain stem. The most common symptom was vomiting. Abnormally large head circumference was the most common physical finding. Average survival was 43 months. Survival relative to histopathologic type and location of the neoplasm is discussed. Eighteen patients survived longer than one year and the level of neurological function of these longer survivors is presented.

Astrocytoma↗
PubMed1978

The relationship of marital status to survival from melanoma.

As an indirect test of the hypothesis that prior pregnancy has a favorable influence on prognosis in melanoma, the relation of marital status to survival among melanoma patients was examined in data gathered by the Connecticut Tumor Registry, 1935--1973. Compared to women who had never been married, ever-married women with the disease had a slightly increased survival rate, but the difference was not statistically significant. If a difference between parous and nulliparous women in survival from melanoma truly exists, it is probably a small one, and could be due to differences in characteristics other than childbearing.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

An investigation of the use of asbestos cement pipe for public water supply and the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer in Connecticut, 1935-1973.

The age adjusted sex specific incidence data for stomach, colon, and rectal cancer for Connecticut townships for the period 1935 to 1973 were used to investigate whether asbestos cement pipe usage for domestic drinking water is associated with gastrointestinal cancer. The townships were grouped according to the Assessment of Exposure (AOE) and Risk Factor (RF) for asbestos. These are composite indices of asbestos exposure including factors relating to the age of the pipe, the ability of water to leach asbestos from the pipe, and the length of pipes used by the population. No association was noted between these asbestos risk scores and gastrointestinal tumor incidence.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1978

Oligodendrogliomas in children.

Oligodendrogliomas are quite uncommon in children. In a 41-year period (1935 to 1975) in Connecticut, 12 histologically verified cases of oligodendrogliomas were noted in persons less than 20 years of age, constituting between 1% and 2% of all primary intracranial neoplasms in Connecticut children. Eleven of the neoplasms occurred in the cerebral hemispheres; these cases of cerebral oligodendrogliomas were reviewed and analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Central nervous system tumors in children.

Of 488 central nervous system neoplasms occurring in children over a 39-year period, 467 were intracranial and 21 were intraspinal. The most common intracranial neoplasms were astrocytoma (28%), medulloblastoma (25%), ependymal neoplasm (9%), craniopharyngioma (9%), and glioblastoma multiforme (9%). The median age at diagnosis was 6 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3:1. Overall mean survival was 53.4 months and varied greatly relative to the type of tumor and the location. Of the intraspinal neoplasms the most frequently noted were the astrocytoma (47%) and the ependymal neoplasma (24%). The median age at diagnosis was 10 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. The average survival from diagnosis (54.1 months) was comparable to that of intracranial neoplasms. Detailed analyses of each histological type of tumor relative to age at diagnosis, sex, anatomical location and survival from diagnosis are reported for both intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Changes in site distribution of colorectal carcinoma in Connecticut, 1940-1973.

The proportion of colorectal cancer occurring above the rectosigmoid junction has been increasing over time. The 40,771 cases of colorectal carcinoma reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1940 through 1973 were analyzed to determine the incidence in the ascending colon, the transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, and the rectum. The numbers of cases, the proportion, and incidence rates of cancer in the ascending colon and sigmoid have increased over the 34 years. The increases were greatest among people over 65 years old. Only about half of colorectal cancer can now be identified with the rigid sigmoidoscope. Other tests must be used for early diagnosis of the increased numbers of cancers in the upper parts of the colon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma in Connecticut, 1935-1973.

Data on over 3,700 patients with renal cell carcinoma, reported to the Connecticut Tumor Registry from 1935 through 1973, were used to assess incidence, survival, and associations of risk with demographic characteristics. Incidence increased over time among men, but not among women; a birth cohort effect suggesting increasing incidence rate over time was demonstrated for men. A comparison of male and female age-specific incidence rates indicated that, in the 15- to 39-year-old age group, men were three times more likely than women to develop the disease; after age 40, renal cell carcinoma was diagnosed in men twice as often as in women. Survival probability has increased from 1940 to the present time. A high density of persons per square mile was associated with a higher-than-expected incidence. No trends in incidence according to socioeconomic status were observed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Uterine cervical carcinoma in Connecticut, 1935-1973: evidence for two classes of invasive disease.

The Connecticut Tumor Registry recorded 5,781 women with carcinoma in situ (CIS) and 7,614 with invasive cervical cancer from 1935 to 1973. True incidence rates for invasive disease were calculated. CIS rates indicated newly diagnosed cases, but true CIS incidence is unknown. Starting in 1945-49, the incidence of invasive cervical declined about 20% in Connecticut before CIS screening could have influenced the disease to that extent. Continuing declines in invasive disease rates after 1955 in Connecticut were probably attributable largely to screening. The persistent occurrence of invasive disease in screened populations and the rapid progression of cancer, with early death among some women with apparently localized disease at diagnosis, suggested that a second class of invasive cervical cancer may exist. Cancers in this class may develop and progress rapidly without a practical possibility of detection in the premalignant stage by cytologic methods. Other screening methods, e.g., metabolic, hormonal, immunologic, or virologic, may be required to control this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Glioblastoma multiforme in children.

Of 488 children with central nervous system neoplasms, 43 (8.8%) had glioblastomas, 22 of which were in the cerebral hemispheres, 16 in the brain stem, two in the cerebellum, and three in the spinal cord. The male to female ratio was 3:2. Glioblastoma multiforme of the cerebral hemispheres occurred at a mean age of 12.7 years, and the frontal lobe was the most commonly involved. Main presenting symptoms included headache (85%), nausea or vomiting (65%), and seizures (35%). Papilledema (45%) was the most common physical finding. The longest survivals were achieved by a combination of operation and radiation (22 months). Brain stem glioblastomas occurred at a mean age of 6.7 years, with the pons as the most frequent site. Nausea or vomiting (50%) and headache (36%) were the main presenting symptoms; the major physical findings were ataxia (43%), cranial nerve palsies (28%), and paresis (28%). The length of survival was greatest with radiation alone (10.5 months). The period of survival of children with glioblastoma multiforme was significantly increased with steroid therapy. Glioblastoma multiforme behaves similarly in children and adults. Intracranial glioblastomas have a more rapidly fatal course than that of other similarly situated gliomas in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Ependymomas and ependymoblastomas in children.

The authors analyze histologically verified cases of ependymoma and ependymoblastoma (malignant ependymoma) occurring in children in Connecticut from 1935 to 1973. Of the 488 central nervous system tumors diagnosed in that period, 44 (9%) of the 467 intracranial neoplasms and five (24%) of the 21 intraspinal tumors were of ependymal origin. An increase in the incidence of ependymomas was noted since the mid-1950's. The mean ages at diagnosis of ependymomas and ependymoblastomas were 5.6 and 5.0 years respectively. The male to female ratio was 0.6:1 for ependymomas and 1.7:1 for ependymoblastomas. Epencymomas were found above and below the tentorium with similar frequency; however, viturally all of the epencymoblastomas occurred supratentorially. Presenting symptoms and physical findings were reviewed. A significant difference (p less than 0.05) was noted in the seizure rates of supratentorial ependymomas (9%) and ependymoblastomas (38%). A significantly increased survival (p less than 0.05) was associated with supratentorial ependymal neoplasms relative to infratentorial from 42 months following diagnosis onward. Contrary tp the reports of no clinical difference between ependymomas and ependymoblastomas, children with supratentorial ependymomas were noted to have a significantly longer survival (p less than 0.05) than those with similarly situated ependymoblastomas, with the difference noted from 18 months following diagnosis onward. The children treated by operation and irradiation had a significantly greater survival (p less than 0.05) than those treated by other methods; furthermore, with this treatment, longer survivals were noted in the ependymoma patients as compared to those with epencymoblastomas. This difference became significant (p less than 0.05) at 27 months after diagnosis. Operative mortality decreased from 40% to 17% in the last decade of the study as compared to the previous decade. Steroid therapy may have contributed to this decreased operative mortality, but it had no statistically significant effect on length of survival. The clinical course of intracranial ependymal neoplasms in adults and children was compared and appeared to be essentially the same.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple primary cancers in Connecticut, 1935-82.

Recently, the National Cancer Institute published a comprehensive monograph on multiple primary cancers in Connecticut and Denmark. This paper summarizes some of the observations made on the Connecticut population. Data compiled by the Connecticut Tumor Registry have extended our knowledge about the patterns of multiple primary cancers, especially among long-term survivors of cancer and among patients with relatively rare tumors about which little information currently exists. When compared with the general Connecticut population, cancer patients had a 31 percent (RR = 1.31) increased risk of developing a second cancer and a 23 percent (RR = 1.23) elevated risk of second cancer at a different site from the first. Common environmental exposures seemed responsible for the excess occurrence of many second cancers, particularly those related to cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, or both. For example, persons with epithelial cancers of the lung, larynx, esophagus, buccal cavity, and pharynx were particularly prone to develop new cancers in the same or contiguous tissue throughout their lifetimes. Cancers of the colon, uterine corpus, breast, and ovary frequently occurred together, suggesting underlying hormonal or dietary influences. Only patients with prostate cancer were at significantly low risk for second cancer development; this might be an artifact of case finding, since advanced age at initial diagnosis was generally associated with an underascertainment of second cancers. Radiotherapy may have caused rectal and other cancer among patients with cancers of the female genital tract, and leukemia among patients with uterine corpus cancer. Chemotherapy with alkylating agents probably contributed to the excess of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia following multiple myeloma or cancers of the breast and ovary. Genetic susceptibility seemed to explain some tumor complexes, such as the multiple occurrences of cutaneous melanoma and the excess of bone cancer following retinoblastoma. Research into multiple cancer syndromes should enhance our understanding of carcinogenic factors and mechanisms and the development of strategies for cancer prevention and control.

Alcohol Drinking↗