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Biomedical subjects

J Tanaka

Publications and source records attributed to J Tanaka.

At least 847 records · Page 47Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Effects of naloxone and morphine in hemorrhagic shock.

The effects of naloxone hydrochloride and morphine sulfate on survival were examined in LD40 hemorrhagic shock in rats. Bolus IV injection of naloxone (1.6 mg/kg) following hemorrhage significantly (p less than 0.025) increased the 24 hour survival rate (14/15, 93%), compared to that in saline-treated animals (13/22, 59%). Supraphysiologic doses of IV morphine sulfate did not adversely influence survival (12/15, 80% at 0.5 mg/kg; 8/15, 53% at 0.1, 0.05, and 0.01 mg/kg). Morphine decreased heart rate during shock in a dose-dependent fashion, but did not affect the blood pressure. Compared to responses in the other groups, naloxone had no effect on blood pressure or heart rate in shock animals during the monitoring interval. These results suggest that: 1) endogenous opioid substances, most likely at much lower blood concentrations than those used in the present experiment, may not be important deleterious factors during shock; and 2) enhancement of survival by naloxone in hemorrhagic shock is probably due to effects other than antiopiate activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Intrapleural therapy of malignant pleurisy in patients with neuroblastoma.

Three children with advanced neuroblastoma developed pleural effusion in the course of their disease. This unusual complication was successfully treated with intrapleural administration of a nonspecific "immunostimulatory" agent; cell wall skeleton of Nocardia rubra (N-cws). The side effects of this procedure were mild and well tolerated even in infants in spite of their terminal stage. Intrapleural therapy in this study seemed to be useful for the treatment of pediatric malignant pleurisy.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1981

Evidence for early membrane antigens in cytomegalovirus-infected cells.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces membrane antigens (MA) which are detectable by immunofluorescent techniques as early as 24 h after infection. These antigens appear on the surface of infected cells in non-permissive human epithelioid and animal cells in addition to permissive human cells. The synthesis of the MA occurs in the presence of a DNA synthesis inhibitor, whereas RNA and protein synthesis inhibitors prevent its formation completely. These results demonstrate that the MA is a newly synthesized protein coded by an early function of the viral genome.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Immune complex-dependent T cell-mediated cytostasis (IDTC).

The growth of human lymphoid cell lines was suppressed by human peripheral T cells in the presence of immune complexes (IC). T cells bearing IgG receptors (TG cells) were, but T-non-G cells and non-T cells were not, active as effectors of cytostasis which was induced by IC-mediated bridging of the target and effector cells via Fc receptors. We propose that this phenomenon be called 'immune complex-dependent T cell-mediated cytostasis' (IDTC) and suggest its possible role in IC-mediated tissue injury, especially where T cell infiltration is observed. TG cells from healthy individuals suppressed Ig production and were cytotoxic effectors upon interaction with IC. However, the cytotoxic effectors seem to be distinct from the suppressors of Ig production since TG cells from rheumatoid arthritis patients showed dissociation between these two functions: they displayed cytostasis but had only little suppressive effect on the B cell response.

Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
PubMed1981

Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. II. Anoxic metabolism of the rat liver following acute blood loss in the rat.

Changes in energy metabolism of rat liver in hemorrhagic shock were investigated. The hepatic energy charge level (0.24-0.693) correlated significantly with the mean arterial blood pressure (20-75 mmHg) (r = 0.931, P less than 0.001), as well as the blood volume withdrawn (2.43-2.82 ml/100 g body weight) which, in turn, correlated with the various mortality rates (LD16, LD50, and LD84) (r = -0.728, P less than 0.01). As shown by the changes in adenylate energy charge levels, the liver was very sensitive to acute blood loss. There was no significant difference between the energy charge levels of liver obtained in situ from rats with 84% mortality after hemorrhage and that of the same liver further incubated in vitro in the absence of O2 (0.304 versus 0.235). From these results, it appears that the energy status in the liver of rats dying from severe hemorrhagic shock has changed to anaerobic metabolism, which may not be sufficient to maintain adequate liver function or support individual survival.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Pathophysiology of hemorrhagic shock. A role of arterial ketone body ratio as an index of anoxic metabolism of the liver in acute blood loss.

The changes in the oxido-reduction state and the adenylate energy charge of the liver were investigated in rats having 16%, 50%, and 84% mortality rates after acute hemorrhage. In the arterial blood, concentrations of ketone bodies, pyruvate, lactate, and the ratios (acetoacetate to beta-hydroxybutyrate and pyruvate to lactate) were measured after hemorrhage and reinfusion of the shed blood. The mitochondrial oxido-reduction state and the blood ketone body ratio decreased 15 minutes after hemorrhage. The values of these parameters of rats having the higher mortality rate were lower than those rats having the lower mortality rate. In addition, the changes in both the adenylate energy charge and the mitochondria oxido-reduction state of the liver were closely correlated with the changes in the ratio of acetoacetate to beta-hydroxybutyrate in the arterial blood (P less than 0.001). Thus, it is suggested that the decreased oxygen supply to the liver mitochondria may play an important role in determining the mortality rate after acute hemorrhage and is reflected in the ratio of acetoacetate to beta-hydroxybutyrate in the arterial blood.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

[The importance of the long tensile system of the sole of the foot for the action of the metatarsus (optical potential study of a model)].

The importance of the plantar tensile systems of the foot are studied by the means of photoelasticity. In a plastic (VP 1527) model of the sagittal section of a foot skeleton the distribution of stressing under load has been visualized in photographs of the isochromes as seen in the polarized light. This examination has been carried out with and without tension in the long plantar tensile systems of the model. It has clearly been shown that by the influence of the tensile systems the resultant force for the forefoot runs approximately in the axis of the bony elements of the metatarsus. In absence of these plantar tensions on the contrary the metatarsal elements undergo considerable bending stresses.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1980

Leukoencephalopathic alteration in membranous lipodystrophy.

Leukoencephalopathic alteration in a case of membranous lipodystrophy which involves the systemic adipose tissue has been described. A 44-year-old Japanese man whose parents were consanguinous developed multiple cystic lesions in the limb bones with a pathological fracture, followed by progressive neuropsychiatric symptoms, and died 16 years after the onset of his illness. Brain showed diffuse and symmetrical demyelination of the cerebral white matter, particularly in the fronto-temporal lbes, with preservation of subcortical arcuate fibers, associated with the occurrence of sudanophilic granules within perivascular macrophages and conspicuous fibrous gliosis. The alteration suggests it to be a sudanophilic leukodystrophy. Deposition of calcospherites in the basal ganglia was another interesting remark. This disorder is thought to be associated with an impairment in systemic lipid metabolism affecting both cerebral myelin and fat cell membranes on a heredofamilial background.

Adipose Tissue↗