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Biomedical subjects

J W Bailey

Publications and source records attributed to J W Bailey.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The epidemiology of hydatid disease in England and Wales.

The epidemiology of hydatid disease in man in England and Wales, based on the data collected between 1981 and 1983 at the Hydatid Reference Laboratory of the Public Health Laboratory Service, is presented. The incidence of hydatid disease was 42 cases per annum, with 2 cases per million population occurring in Wales and 0.2 per million in England. The highest prevalence was in London amongst the immigrant population. The incidence in the indigenous population was 15.5 cases per annum, with 5.6 cases per million occurring in South Powys, parts of South Wales and Herefordshire. The population most at risk is the rural, farming community in that area, but the West Midlands is also an apparent focus of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Diagnosis of systemic candidiasis by latex agglutination for serum antigen.

Three latex agglutination test procedures for detecting Candida antigen in human serum were compared in a retrospective study of 69 patients and 20 normal volunteers. Untreated human serum was reacted with two different latex reagents; one reagent also was reacted with serum treated with protease and heat. The test procedure with treated serum was best, detecting serum antigen in 17 of 21 patients (81%) with disseminated candidiasis. Judging by autopsy-proven cases, there was an increase in positive test results in the last 2 weeks of life. When untreated sera were tested with this reagent, only 3 (14%) of the 21 patients with disseminated candidiasis had detectable antigen in serum. A subset of these same sera was tested by a commercial latex reagent (Candida Detection System lot C001; Ramco Laboratories, Inc., Houston, Tex.) and untreated serum. Of 18 patients with disseminated candidiasis, 5 (28%) had at least one positive serum. Sera from patients with less severe clinical forms of candidiasis were usually negative regardless of the test procedure used. With one exception, sera from control patients were negative or were positive only in sera containing rheumatoid factor. Latex agglutination tests for Candida spp. in treated serum may prove to be a useful procedure for the rapid diagnosis of severe disseminated candidiasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Rate of fat compensation and growth efficiency of lipectomized Sprague Dawley rats.

The objective of this experiment was to measure changes in food efficiency and to determine the rate of fat compensation following the surgical removal of adipose tissue in Sprague Dawley rats. The right inguinal fat pad and both epididymal pads were surgically removed from 375 g male castrate rats that were then paired with sham-operated controls. Pairs were evenly distributed into one of five groups. The rats were killed when they reached their group designated weight: immediate post surgery, 375, 405, 435 and 465 g. Dissected fat weight was significantly less in lipectomized animals at all body weights except 465 g. Gradual fat compensation up to 465 g was due to partial regeneration of the right inguinal fat pad as well as compensatory growth of other (intact) fat depots. Epididymal fat pads showed no signs of regeneration. Lipectomized animals had similar food intake but gained weight more rapidly than shams. Lipectomized rats had more food available for production when calculated maintenance energy requirements were subtracted from total food intake. Efficiency of utilization of production food did not differ significantly between treatments. Compensatory weight gain seen in lipectomized rats was therefore due to greater ad-libitum food consumption above maintenance requirements.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1980

Relative growth rates of various fat depot in Sprague Dawley rats.

Seven major internal and subcutaneous fat depots were dissected from male Sprague Dawley rats at various weights from 150 g to 500 g. Tissue growth rates relative to body weight were calculated. With the exception of the dorsoscapular fat depot, the growth coefficients for all fat depots were as expected, greater than 1, indicative of later developing tissues. The order of development from earliest to latest, based on increasing growth coefficients, was dorsocapsular, mesenteric, axillary, buttock, epididymal, inguinal and perirenal. This differs from other species where the perineal depot is one of the earliest developing tissues.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1979

Characteristics of men most likely to respond to an invitation to be screened.

Some of the characteristics of men, with known risk factors, who were most likely to respond to an invitation to be screened in a national randomized clinical trial to prevent heart disease were determined in 18,872 men, 35-57 years of age, members of the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Oregon. Demographic characteristics and risk factor variables (blood pressure, blood cholesterol, and cigarette smoking levels) were abstracted from medical records. The men were ranked high priority or low priority according to level of risk. All age-eligible men in the health plan received at least one invitation to be screened, with high-priority men receiving more invitations. Despite concentrated efforts to bring them in, less than one-half the high-priority men were screened. Participants were older and wealthier than non-participants, and more likely to have more dependents and to routinely use medical services. Whether or not a man received a medical care service within the preceding two years was a powerful discriminating variable in both the univariate and multivariate analyses reported. The findings suggest that health care programs serving a stable population group should give more consideration to screening in routine medical care.

Adult↗
PubMed1966

Patterns of human antibody reactions in coccidioidomycosis.

Sawaki, Y. (Veterans Administration Hospital, San Fernando, Calif.), M. Huppert, J. W. Bailey, and Y. Yagi. Patterns of human antibody reactions in coccidioidomycosis. J. Bacteriol. 91:422-427. 1966.-At least two antigen-antibody systems in coccidioidomycosis have been demonstrated by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, including the use of I(131)-coccidioidin. Sera which were positive in the conventional complement-fixation (CF) test, but negative in the tube precipitin (TP) test, yielded only one line of precipitate in the immunodiffusion test. In immunoelectrophoresis, also, there was only one precipitate arc which appeared in the gamma(2)-globulin region. On the other hand, sera which were positive in both CF and TP tests yielded two different lines in the immunodiffusion test. In immunoelectrophoresis, also, there were two precipitate arcs: one in the gamma(2)-globulin region and the other in the gamma(1)-globulin area. Radioimmunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that the antibody activity in IG-G globulin, roughly parallels the CF titer. A similar correlation existed between the IG-M antibody activity and the TP reactivity. Antibody activity was present in the IG-A globulin but it did not reflect either CF or TP activity.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunodiagnosis of Strongyloides stercoralis infection: a method for increasing the specificity of the indirect ELISA.

Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) allows sensitive detection of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) G against a soluble extract of Strongyloides stercoralis infective larvae. In this study, 40/40 (100%) human strongyloidiasis sera had high levels of anti-S. stercoralis IgG, but 30/40 (75%) filariasis sera, and 12/40 (30%) necatoriasis sera also had higher levels than control sera from UK residents. In attempts to increase the assay specificity by absorption of cross-reactive IgG, the effectiveness of pre-incubation of sera with extracts of different parasitic nematodes was investigated. One hour of incubation with 20 micrograms/ml aqueous extract of Onchocerca gutturosa absorbed cross-reactive IgG in most filariasis and necatoriasis sera, reducing the proportion with IgG levels above the positivity threshold by more than one-half. Preliminary results suggest that absorption with extracts of other filarial nematodes is equally effective, and that some of the cross-reactive IgG is directed against phosphorylcholine. Cross-reactive IgG in most necatoriasis sera was effectively absorbed with 20 micrograms/ml extract of Necator americanus. Cross-reactive IgG was not effectively absorbed with an extract of Ascaris lumbricoides. Absorption of cross-reactive IgG is an effective means of increasing the specificity of the indirect ELISA, for use in the immunodiagnosis and immuno-epidemiology of S. stercoralis infection.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of parasitological methods for the diagnosis of gambian trypanosomiasis in an area of low endemicity in Côte d'Ivoire.

The card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) was used to examine 8974 inhabitants in 14 village areas south-west of Daloa, Côte d'Ivoire; 114 (1.3%) were CATTT or +/-, and were further examined by one or more of 6 methods for the direct detection of trypanosomes: lymphatic gland puncture, stained thick blood film (TBF), haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT), mini-anion exchange column (MAEC), quantitative buffy coat method (QBC), and kit for in vitro isolation of trypanosomes (KIVI). Trypanosomes were seen by at least one method in 16 (14.0%) of the CATT+ group. Blood from 356 of the 8860 CATT- group was inoculated into KIVI; trypanosomes grew from the blood of 1 person. Eleven of the 17 patients with detectable trypanosomes were screened by all 6 methods: 6 were HCT+; 7 were gland+; 10 were MAEC+; 10 were KIVI+; 11 were both TBF+ and QBC+. One CATT+ patient was KIVI+ but otherwise negative, although TBF was not done. The overall prevalence of trypanosomes was 0.2% rising to 0.8% in one village area. The results support previous evidence that a reappraisal of procedures is required in the customary system of surveillance for gambian sleeping sickness.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense from northern Uganda: evaluation of the kit for in vitro isolation (KIVI) in an epidemic focus.

867 individuals from 3 sites near the town of Adjumani in the East Moyo region of north-west Uganda were investigated clinically and serologically for evidence of current trypanosome infections. Blood samples were taken from 94 persons with a positive card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) and clinical suspects and inoculated into the kit for in vitro isolation of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (KIVI). Amongst this group, 30 parasitaemic individuals were identified by microhaematocrit centrifugation and the quantitative buffy coat technique (QBC). Only 80% of these isolates, and one isolate from an aparasitaemic individual, grew in culture. The success or failure of cultures from parasitaemic patients was unrelated to the size of the trypanosome inoculum. The implications of these results and possible reasons for the failure of KIVI are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue in aged rats: effects of dietary restriction and exercise.

Little is known about the long-term effects of diet restriction, exercise, and aging on the fatty acid composition of adipose tissue. To investigate these effects, male Wistar rats were placed in one of four experimental groups: 1) ad libitum fed, nonexercised; 2) ad libitum fed, exercised; 3) diet restriction, nonexercised; and 4) diet restriction, exercised. Exercise consisted of swimming on alternate days, and diet-restricted animals were fed every other day. Animals were assigned to one of the four treatment groups at weaning, and the fatty acid composition in the epididymal, perirenal, and inguinal fat depots were determined every 4 months from 12 to 28 months of age. All animals were fed the same diet so the relative percentage of fatty acids in the diet did not contribute to the changes observed in adipose tissue fatty acid composition. Regardless of treatment groups and fat depot, the concentration of saturated fatty acids in adipose tissue tended to decrease as body weight increased. Saturated fatty acid composition was greater in the diet-restricted than the ad libitum-fed groups. The saturated fatty acid concentration was different between the three fat depots (perirenal 27.8%, inguinal 24.7%, and epididymal 21.6%; P < 0.001). The linoleic acid content did not change with age in the epididymal or perirenal fat depot; however, the change was significant for the inguinal fat depot. Following a large decrease in inguinal linoleic concentration through 20 months, linoleic acid concentration increased in all treatments between 20 and 28 months. The results indicate that diet restriction, exercise, and aging have significant effects on adipose tissue fatty acid composition and these effects are different depending on the anatomical location of the adipose tissue depot.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Humoral responses in human strongyloidiasis: correlations with infection chronicity.

Strongyloides stercoralis L3-specific antibody isotype responses amongst individuals with known long-standing (28-46 years) infection were compared with those of 'young' (6-29 years of age) and 'old' (30-80 years of age) infected individuals from an endemic Jamaican population. Characterization of age-dependent isotype patterns in the endemic community showed that immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 responses were significantly inversely correlated with age. Additionally, a trend towards lower IgE levels in the older age group was observed. Comparison with responses amongst known chronically infected individuals showed that IgG1 and IgE levels were similar to those of the 'old' endemic group, but were significantly lower than those of the 'young' group. In contrast, IgA levels were similar in both endemic groups, but were elevated in chronically infected individuals. IgG4 levels were similar in all groups studied. These findings suggest that age correlates with infection chronicity in communities endemic for S. stercoralis, and that individuals acquire infection early in their lives and remain infected into adulthood. Early and sustained upregulation of IgG4 may facilitate the establishment of infection and, in combination with developing IgE hyporesponsiveness, may promote chronic asymptomatic strongyloidiasis. Conversely, upregulated IgA may be involved in controlling chronic infection levels which are reflected in reduced IgG1 production.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obstetrical and neonatal outcome following clonazepam use during pregnancy: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Given the high prevalence of panic disorder in women, treatment decisions are frequently made regarding the use of anti-panic medications during the childbearing years and during pregnancy. The objective of this case series was to evaluate obstetric and neonatal outcome associated with treatment with clonazepam during pregnancy. METHODS: Subjects were 38 women with histories of panic disorder who used clonazepam during pregnancy. Information regarding the amount and duration of clonazepam use during pregnancy was obtained. Obstetrical records describing pregnancy, labor and delivery and infant Apgar scores were obtained for all subjects. Neonatal nursery records were obtained for 27 subjects. RESULTS: Maternal outcome assessed by obstetrical records and acute neonatal outcome assessed by Apgar scores were positive. Based on neonatal records, there were no cases of orofacial anomalies, neonatal apnea, benzodiazepine withdrawal syndromes, or temperature or other autonomic dysregulation. In 2 infants born to the same mother, use of clonazepam and imipramine at the time of delivery was associated with transient neonatal distress. CONCLUSION: Clonazepam use during pregnancy did not appear to be directly related to any obstetric complications during pregnancy, labor, or delivery. There was no evidence of neonatal toxicity or withdrawal syndromes in babies born to mothers who took clonazepam during pregnancy. Absence of serious maternal or neonatal compromise following clonazepam use during pregnancy in these mothers and infants is somewhat reassuring. One case of hypotonia and 1 case of respiratory distress in babies who were exposed to clonazepam in combination with imipramine at the time of delivery may suggest that coadministration of benzodiazepines with other psychotropic medications may require close neonatal observation.

Adult↗