Biomedical subjects

Jianping Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Jianping Zhang.

23 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Direct gastroscopy for detecting gastric cancer in the elderly.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of direct gastroscopy for detecting gastric cancer. METHODS: Clinical screening by direct gastroscopy was performed for gastric cancer (GC) from September 1985 to July 1998. 3048 elderly people were screened. Their age ranged from 60 to 93 years, and 2034 of the 3084 were followed up. RESULTS: Ninety-two patients with gastric cancer were discovered by gastroscopy, representing 3.02% of the screened population. The rate of early gastric cancer (EGC) was 63.04% (58/92) of all gastric cancers detected. The rate was up to 79.59% (39/49) on follow-up, and was 74.14% (43/51) in asymptomatic patients with gastric cancer. The excision rate was 88.89% for patients with gastric cancer, and 100% for patients with early gastric cancer. The 5-year survival rate was 91.89% for patients with gastric cancer, and 96.30% for patients with early gastric cancer. CONCLUSION: Clinical screening and follow-up by direct gastroscopy in persons over 60 years of age are a safe and effective method for raising the 5-year survival and detection rate of gastric cancer, especially early gastric cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed2002

[Relationship between the immunohistopathological changes of hepatitis B virus carrier mothers' placentas and fetal hepatitis B virus infection].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of placenta in intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV), and the relationship between the fetal HBV infection and the placental infection. METHODS: Cord blood or peripheral blood was obtained from 61 newborn infants of HBsAg positive mothers. Neonates (28 of 61) infected by HBV were assigned to fetal infected group, and 33 infants without infection were assigned to control group. Histopathological changes of placentas from 61 HBsAg positive mothers were observed by pathological examination and classification. RESULTS: (1) The positive rate of HBsAg/HBcAg detected in the placentas of fetal infected group was 82% (23/28), which was significant higher than that of control group (55%), P < 0.05. (2) Among various types of cells in placental tissue, the amnionic cell showed higher HBsAg/HBcAg positive rate in fetal infection group, which was 36% (10/28), than that of control group (6%) (P < 0.01). (3) The syncitial cell was the cell with the higher detecting HBsAg/HBcAg positive rate (49%) comparing with other types of cells in placental barrier (P < 0.05). (4) The incidence of fibrinoid necrosis and chorionic hyperemia in fetal infection group were 29% and 50%, respectively, which were higher than those in control group (9%, 15%). The detecting rate of Hofbauer cell in fetal infection group was 46%, significantly lower than that in control group (79%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HBV infection of fetus is associated with placental infection. HBV infection of amnionic cell is an important factor of intrauterine infection. Placental barrier can protect the fetuses from infection to some extent. Some histopathological changes of placental tissue, for example fibrinoid necrosis, chorionic hyperemia and decreasing number of Hofbauer cells, may play a role in fetal HBV infection.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Negative associations of chronic stress and cognitive performance in older adult spouse caregivers.

Despite research on psychosocial and physical correlates of caregiving, associations of caregiving with cognitive functioning have rarely been studied. We compared the cognitive functioning of 44 spouse caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease to 66 demographically-similar non-caregiver spouses; and, whether such differences are explained by demographic variables and distress. We observed that variance in Digit Symbol scores was explained by age [F(1,108)=26.80, p<.001, R(2)=.20] and education [DeltaF(1,107)=5.33, p=.023, DeltaR(2)=.04], and caregiver status [DeltaF(1,106)=4.57, p<.035, DeltaR(2)=.03]. However, when Distress (a composite of Uplifts, Burden, and Sleep Problems) was added to the equation, the lower level of cognitive functioning in caregivers was no longer significant (beta declined from.18 to.06), but distress was significant (beta=-.30). These results may have implications for caregiver adherence and may have relevance to the complex tasks caregivers must perform for care-recipients and the information they report to health care workers/researchers about their care-recipients.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A path model of chronic stress, the metabolic syndrome, and coronary heart disease.

OBJECTIVE: We tested a theoretical stress model cross-sectionally and prospectively that examined whether relationships of chronic stress, psychophysiology, and coronary heart disease (CHD) varied in older adult men (N = 47), older adult women not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (N = 64), and older adult women using HRT (N = 41). METHOD: Structural equations examined relationships of CHD with 1) chronic stress (caring for a spouse with Alzheimer's disease and patient functioning), 2) vulnerability (anger and hostility), 3) social resources (supports), 4) psychological distress (burden, sleep problems, and low uplifts), 5) poor health habits (high-caloric, high-fat diet and limited exercise), and 6) the metabolic syndrome (MS) (blood pressure, obesity, insulin, glucose, and lipids). RESULTS: Caregiver men had a greater prevalence of CHD (13/24) than did noncaregiver men (6/23) (p <.05) 27 to 30 months after study entry. This was influenced by pathways from caregiving to distress, distress to the MS, and the MS to CHD. In men, poor health habits predicted the MS 15 to 18 months later, and the MS predicted new CHD cases over 27 to 30 months. In women, no "caregiving-CHD" relationship occurred; however, 15 to 18 months after study entry women not using HRT showed "distress-MS" and "MS-CHD" relationships. In women using HRT, associations did not occur among distress, the MS, and CHD, but poor health habits and the MS were related. CONCLUSIONS: In older men, pathways occurred from chronic stress to distress to the metabolic syndrome, which in turn predicted CHD. Older women not using HRT showed fewer pathways than men; however, over time, distress, the MS, and CHD were related. No psychophysiological pathways occurred in older women using HRT.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hostility and urine norepinephrine interact to predict insulin resistance: the VA Normative Aging Study.

OBJECTIVE: Previous research has produced mixed results pertaining to the association between hostility and insulin resistance. These inconsistent findings may be the result of a lack of studies examining potential moderators of this relationship and inconsistent measures of insulin resistance and/or hostility. We hypothesized that hostility may interact with circulating norepinephrine (NEPI) levels, indexed by 24-hour urine concentrations, to affect insulin resistance. METHODS: Six hundred forty-three men (mean age = 63.1 years) free of diabetic medications completed the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and participated in a laboratory assessment. The Cook-Medley Hostility (Ho) and 24-hour urine NEPI were used to predict insulin resistance defined by the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index, 2-hour postchallenge glucose (PCGL), and insulin levels (PCIL) after controlling for nine common covariates. RESULTS: Multiple regression showed that the two-way interaction between Ho and NEPI significantly predicted HOMA and PCIL, but not PCGL, after controlling for covariates. Simple regression slopes of Ho on HOMA and PCIL were explored and indicated that, at higher levels of NEPI, higher Ho was associated with higher HOMA (beta = 0.14, p < .05). Ho was not a significant predictor of HOMA at mean and lower levels of NEPI. Similar results were obtained for PCIL, but not PCGL. Cynicism, but not other subscales of Ho, was similarly related to insulin resistance and NEPI. CONCLUSION: Individuals with high stress and high hostility were more likely to have insulin resistance. It is important to study moderators in the relationship between hostility and insulin resistance.

Adult↗