Study on total cell antioxidant capacity in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.
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Antioxidants↗
Biomedical subjects
Jing Wang
Publications and source records attributed to Jing Wang.
TLR3 ligand-induced accumulation of activated splenic natural killer cells into liver.
It has been revealed that poly I:C is a potent stimulator for NK cells, which can induce NK cell rapid activation and preferential accumulation into liver. However, the process mediating the influx of NK cells remains obscure. In this study, we found that poly I:C administration increased the portion and absolute number of NK cells in liver, but largely decreased those in spleen. There were no obvious changes of these lymphocytes in other immune organs. The results from splenic adoptive transfer and splenectomy showed that the recruited spleen NK cells contributed to the accumulation of NK cells in liver, and this process was regulated by the production of chemokines and the presence of T cells. This investigation will help to understand the enhanced immune cell recruitment in liver upon viral infection.
Animals↗
Decolorization of azo dyes with high salt concentration by salt-tolerant mixed cultures under anaerobic conditions.
Because the lack of detailed study of biological decolorization in high salt dye wastewater, it is still difficult to evaluate the biological treatment on high-salinity dye wastewater. The experiments were carried out to study the salt-tolerant bacteria, which is useful in the treatment of high-salinity colored wastewater. Simulated wastewater containing 5-150 g/L salt (NaCl) and 50-2000 mg/L Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP was treated with three salt-tolerant mixed cultures (CAS, TAS, DSAS), which were under a gradually acclimated procedure. With the increase of concentrations of salt and dye, the decolorization became low. The abilities of decolorization of dyes wastewater by three mixed cultures (CAS, TAS, DSAS) were studied, CAS and DSAS mixed cultures showed more active for the treatment of high-salinity colored wastewater than TAS mixed cultures. The results suggested that there might be a simple process for the high salt wastewater treatment, which could be incorporated into conventional activated sludge plants.
Azo Compounds↗
[Study on the roles of the expression of bcl-2 and bax in experimental immunological liver injury in rats].
OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the roles of Bcl-2 and Bax in experimental immunological liver injury in rat and the effect of lowering serum levels on the expression and the injury. METHODS: 48 male Wistar rats were divided into six groups randomly. The animal model of iron low-load was created by intravenation of deferoxamine (DFO) or phlebotomy respectively, and immunological liver damage model was reproduced by injection of BCG (Bacilli Calmette Guein) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Then the following parameters were determined such as serum iron (SI) concentration, transferrin (TRF) concentration, total proteins (TP) volume, the serum activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, iron content (HIC), the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in liver tissue were assayed; the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2, apoptotic index (AI), and proliferative index (PI) were also calculated. RESULTS: (1) The amount of Bax expression in liver injury group was significantly higher than that of control one, but no change in Bcl-2 expression. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 and AI augmented significantly, along with increased serum activities of AST and level of MDA, reduced volume of TP in liver injury animals. (2) The serum activity of AST and TP volume in both of the control groups with DFO and phlebotomy pretreatment remained at control level. Although the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and AI were all higher than those of blank controls, the increased magnitudes of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Al were significantly lower than those of the liver injury animals. (3) The expression amounts of Bcl-2 and Bax increased in the injury animals induced after injecting DFO or phlebotomy, thus Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Al increased. However, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and AI of them were less than those of the injuries without lowered SI, and the magnitude of increased serum activity of AST was lower than that of the injuries, but no change in TP volume in the rats with lowered SI. The MDA levels in the injuries with lower value of serum iron were lower than those of the animals without lower SI. CONCLUSION: The results show that the apoptotic process of hepatocyte accelerates in immunological liver injury, apoptosis may facilitate hepatocyte damage. Effect of iron on the expression of apoptosis regulating proteins have played an important role in apoptosis of immunological hepatic injury.
Animals↗
[A field trial study on the influence of different salt iodine concentration on urinary iodine excrition among the target population].
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of different salt iodine concentration on urinary iodine excrition among the target population and to determine the appropriate level of salt iodization to the local people. METHODS: In the 31-day random control trial, 1099 subjects from 399 families were randomly distributed into four groups and were supplied with iodized-salt with different iodine concentration of (6 +/- 2)mg/kg, (15 +/- 2)mg/kg, (24 +/- 2)mg/kg and (34 +/- 2)mg/kg, respectively. The original family salt was retrieved, whose iodine content was determined in those subjects' families with single-blind method. Baseline survey was conducted including salt and urinary iodine of the subjects. From the 27th day after the intervention, the urinary samples of the subjects were continuously collected for 5 days and urinary iodine was tesed respectively. Meanwhile, daily meal investigation was conducted to evaluate the influences originated from food. RESULTS: The median of local water iodine content was 3.05 microg/L and the average salt iodine concentration was (36.4 +/- 5.4)mg/kg while 98.8% of the household consumed sufficient iodized-salt. The medians of baseline urinary iodine of the subjects were 293.6 microg/L in city, and 508.8 microg/L in the countryside. The urinary iodine medians of four groups in the day of 28th after intervention were 97.2 microg/L, 198.6 microg/L, 249.4 microg/L, and 330.7 microg/L respectively in the city group, while they were 100.5 microg/L, 193.0 microg/L, 246.3 microg/L and 308.3 microg/L seperately in the countryside group. There was no statistically significant differences among the medians of urine iodine in the 27th, 28th, 29th, 30th and 31st day after intervention (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The target areas were with iodine deficiency which possessed high coverage of qualified iodized-salt at household level. The average urinary iodine level of the subjects was slightly higher than the standard level, according to the baseline survey. The intervetion trail showed that the salt iodine concentration of 15-24 mg/kg was sufficient to the local people.
Adolescent↗
[Comparison of different pulmonary vein isolation strategies for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation].
OBJECTIVE: To compare two catheter ablation strategies for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). METHODS: Fifty consecutive patients who underwent PV isolation by circumferential PV ablation (CPVA group) were compared with 50 consecutive patients who underwent PV isolation by segmental PV ablation (SPVA group). The enrolled subjects in this retrospective study were patients with frequent attacks (more than 3 times per month) and symptomatic PAF. Procedure-related parameters, safety and clinical outcome within 6 months after procedures for the 2 strategies were analyzed. RESULTS: The characteristics and mean procedure time were comparable between the 2 groups. The mean fluoroscopy time and mean ablation time were 57 min +/- 11 min and 42 min +/- 9 min in the SPVA group and 31 min +/- 8 min and 61 min +/- 13 min in the CPVA group (both P < 0.01), respectively. After the first procedure, symptomatic atrial tachyarrhythmias (ATa) recurred in 24 (48%) of 50 patients who underwent SPVA and 15 (30%) of 50 patients who underwent CPVA within 3 months (P = 0.10). During 6 months of follow-up, 82% of patients with CPVA and 60% of patients with SPVA were free of symptomatic ATa without any antiarrhythmic drugs for at least 3 months (P < 0.05). One patient per each group developed asymptomatic right superior PV stenosis. CONCLUSION: In patients with PAF, CPVA compares favorably with SPVA, but either of them yields a similar clinical safety.
Adolescent↗
RasGRP4 in mast cell signalling and disease susceptibility.
The nucleotide sequences of the mouse, rat and human cDNAs and genes that encode the fourth member of the Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein (RasGRP) family of signalling proteins have been deduced. RasGRP4 is a mast cell-restricted, cation-dependent, guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). It is also a diacylglycerol (DAG)/phorbol ester receptor that plays a prominent role in dictating which protease and eicosanoid mediators are expressed in rodent and human mast cell lines. RasGRP4 appears to act downstream of the tyrosine kinase receptor c-Kt/CD117 and upstream of the basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcription factor MITE Allelic variants of RasGRP4 have been identified, as have functionally different isoforms that are the result of variable splicing of its gene. Earlier gene-linkage studies revealed a site on chromosome 7A3-B1 that controls intrinsic airway reactivity to methacholine in backcrossed C3H/HeJ and A/J mice. The 18-exon mouse RasGRP4 gene resides on chromosome 7A3-B1, and recent studies revealed that the mast cells developed from the hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mouse strain preferentially produce a defective isoform of RasGRP4. These and other data suggest that RasGRP4 is of critical importance in mast cell development and that the expression of abnormal isoforms of the protein can lead to mast cell dysfunction.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Phototherapeutic keratectomy of diffuse corneal foreign bodies caused by gunpowder explosion].
PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical effects of phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) on the treatment of diffuse corneal foreign bodies caused by gunpowder explosion. METHODS: From Dec, 1999 to Dec, 2003, 39 eyes of 25 patients with diffuse foreign bodies on cornea caused by gunpowder explosion were investigated in this study. All foreign bodies located in one third of superficial cornea and conjunctiva. Besides slit-lamp biomicroscope examination and cornea thickness measurement, ultra-sound B, VEP and ERG were used to exclude the possibility of damage of posterior ocular segments. Then the PTK was performed at every 100-150 pulse-interval. In case of damaging to deep cornea, the total pulse was less than 500 and corneal thickness was measured during the operation. After operation, vision acuity, recovery of corneal epithelium, haze, intraocular pressure and ametropia were checked and the patients were followed up for 6 months. RESULTS: Compared with traditional therapies used for diffused corneal foreign bodies, PTK generally took shorter time (10 minutes). It could erase most foreign bodies on cornea and had little injury to normal corneal tissue. Commonly, the corneal epithelial layer recovered completely within one week. The vision acuity after PKT was improved notablely. The mean value of vision acuity at 10th day of post-operation is 0.6 (vs < 0.3 in all patients before operation). There were 38 eyes with gentle hyperopia and 1 eye with moderate hyperopia. The complication of PTK can be controlled during operation or after operation by drugs. CONCLUSION: PTK is a facile, effective, hypo-cost method for the treatment of diffused foreign bodies on cornea damaged by gunpowder explosion.
Adult↗
Agropyron elongatum chromatin localization on the wheat chromosomes in an introgression line.
The introgressed small-chromosome segment of Agropyron elongatum (Host.) Neviski (Thinopyrum ponticum Podp.) in F5 line II-1-3 of somatic hybrid between common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and A. elongatum was localized by sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and karyotype data. Karyotype analysis offered basic data of arm ratios and relative lengths of 21 pairs of chromosomes in parent wheat Jinan177 and hybrid II-1-3. Using special high repetitive sequences pSc119.2 and pAs1 for FISH, the entire B- and D-genome chromosomes were detected. The FISH pattern of hybrid II-1-3 was the same as that of parent wheat. GISH using whole genomic DNA from A. elongatum as probe determined the alien chromatin. Sequential GISH and FISH, in combination with some of the karyotype data, localized the small chromosome segments of A. elongatum on the specific sites of wheat chromosomes 2AL, 1BL, 5BS, 1DL, 2DL and 6DS. FISH with probe OPF-03(1296) from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) detected E-genome chromatin of A. elongatum, which existed in all of the small chromosome segments introgressed. Microsatellite primers characteristic for the chromosome arms above were used to check the localization and reveal the genetic identity. These methods are complementary and provide comprehensive information about the genomic constitution of the hybrid. The relationship between hybrid traits and alien chromatin was discussed.
Agropyron↗
Critical role of PIP5KI{gamma}87 in InsP3-mediated Ca(2+) signaling.
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) is the obligatory precursor of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3) or IP(3)) and is therefore critical to intracellular Ca(2+) signaling. Using RNA interference (RNAi), we identified the short splice variant of type I phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase gamma (PIP5KIgamma87) as the major contributor of the PIP(2) pool that supports G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated IP(3) generation. PIP5KIgamma87 RNAi decreases the histamine-induced IP(3) response and Ca(2+) flux by 70%. Strikingly, RNAi of other PIP5KI isoforms has minimal effect, even though some of these isoforms account for a larger percent of total PIP(2) mass and have previously been implicated in receptor mediated endocytosis or focal adhesion formation. Therefore, PIP5KIgamma87's PIP(2) pool that supports GPCR-mediated Ca(2+) signaling is functionally compartmentalized from those generated by the other PIP5KIs.
Calcium Signaling↗
Caspase inhibitors, but not c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase inhibitor treatment, prevent cisplatin-induced hearing loss.
Cisplatin (CDDP) is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent but with significant ototoxic side effects. Apoptosis is an important mechanism of cochlear hair cell loss following exposure to an ototoxic level of CDDP. This study examines intracellular pathways involved in hair cell death induced by CDDP exposure in vivo to develop effective therapeutic strategies to protect the auditory receptor from CDDP-initiated hearing loss. Guinea pigs were treated with systemic administration of CDDP. Cochlear hair cells from CDDP-treated animals exhibited classic apoptotic alterations in their morphology. Several important signaling events that regulate the death of CDDP-injured cochlear hair cells were identified. CDDP treatment induced the activation and redistribution of cytosolic Bax and the release of cytochrome c from injured mitochondria. Activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, but not caspase-8, was detected after treatment with CDDP, and the cleavage of fodrin by activated caspase-3 was observed within damaged hair cells. Intracochlear perfusions with caspase-3 inhibitor (z-DEVD-fmk) and caspase-9 inhibitor (z-LEHD-fmk) prevent hearing loss and loss of sensory cells, but caspase-8 inhibitor (z-IETD-fmk) and cathepsin B inhibitor (z-FA-fmk) do not. Although the stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway is activated in response to CDDP toxicity, intracochlear perfusion of d-JNKI-1, a JNK inhibitor, did not protect against CDDP ototoxicity but instead potentiated the ototoxic effects of CDDP. The results of the present study show that blocking a critical step in apoptosis may be a useful strategy to prevent harmful side effects of CDDP ototoxicity in patients having to undergo chemotherapy.
Animals↗
A draft sequence for the genome of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori).
We report a draft sequence for the genome of the domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori), covering 90.9% of all known silkworm genes. Our estimated gene count is 18,510, which exceeds the 13,379 genes reported for Drosophila melanogaster. Comparative analyses to fruitfly, mosquito, spider, and butterfly reveal both similarities and differences in gene content.
Algorithms↗
A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
We describe a genetic variation map for the chicken genome containing 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This map is based on a comparison of the sequences of three domestic chicken breeds (a broiler, a layer and a Chinese silkie) with that of their wild ancestor, red jungle fowl. Subsequent experiments indicate that at least 90% of the variant sites are true SNPs, and at least 70% are common SNPs that segregate in many domestic breeds. Mean nucleotide diversity is about five SNPs per kilobase for almost every possible comparison between red jungle fowl and domestic lines, between two different domestic lines, and within domestic lines--in contrast to the notion that domestic animals are highly inbred relative to their wild ancestors. In fact, most of the SNPs originated before domestication, and there is little evidence of selective sweeps for adaptive alleles on length scales greater than 100 kilobases.
Alleles↗
Patterns of cigarette smoking among students from 19 colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province, China: a latent class analysis.
Entrance into college may be associated with elevated risk of progression in cigarette use among Chinese students. The purpose of this study was to examine patterns and dynamics of cigarette smoking by age and grade among college students in China. Cross-sectional data from 1845 students (44% females) in 19 colleges and universities in Jiangsu Province were derived from the Chinese Youth Health Risk Behavior Survey in 2001. Data were analyzed using latent class analysis (LCA). Overall 11 mutually exclusive types (latent classes) of cigarette users were derived and their proportions estimated from four variables: lifetime smoking, past 30-day smoking, attempting to quit in the past, and intention to smoke in the future. Two types (resistant never-smokers, self-stopped resistant nonsmokers) were observed across age groups and grades for both males and females while other smoking types varied with gender, age and grade. Advanced cigarette smoking types appeared in older age groups and higher grades. The cross-sectional age and grade trend suggests substantial progression in cigarette smoking among Chinese college students, underscoring the need for prevention among these students. Results also suggest that LCA may be an effective methodology for analyzing behavioral types and their dynamics with a limited number of variables.
Adolescent↗
The first trisaza-bridged [60]fulleroid: drilling a hole on the fullerene.
[reaction: see text] Two types of trisaza-bridged [60]fulleroids have been synthesized for the first time. By means of (13)C NMR, (1)H NMR, MALDI-TOF MS, FTIR, UV-vis, and 2D-NMR (gHSQC, gHMBC, and NOSEY) spectroscopy, they have been shown to be tris[6,5]-opened-aza-bridged adducts with substituents on the same five-membered ring with C(s)() symmetry. Some data of nonlinear optics and electrochemistry for the product are also reported.
Journal Article↗
Structure acquisition of the T1 domain of Kv1.3 during biogenesis.
The T1 recognition domains of voltage-gated K(+) (Kv) channel subunits form tetramers and acquire tertiary structure while still attached to their individual ribosomes. Here we ask when and in which compartment secondary and tertiary structures are acquired. We answer this question using biogenic intermediates and recently developed folding and accessibility assays to evaluate the status of the nascent Kv peptide both inside and outside of the ribosome. A compact structure (likely helical) that corresponds to a region of helicity in the mature structure is already manifest in the nascent protein within the ribosomal tunnel. The T1 domain acquires tertiary structure only after emerging from the ribosomal exit tunnel and complete synthesis of the T1-S1 linker. These measurements of ion channel folding within the ribosomal tunnel and its exit port bear on basic principles of protein folding and pave the way for understanding the molecular basis of protein misfolding, a fundamental cause of channelopathies.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
H-bonding patterns in the platinated guanine-cytosine base pair and guanine-cytosine-guanine-cytosine base tetrad: an electron density deformation analysis and AIM study.
The atoms in molecule theory (AIM) and electronic structure analysis are applied together to investigate H-bonding patterns in metalated nucleobase complexes. The influence of Pt on the intra GC base pair H-bonding has been found to reduce intra base pair H-bonding of N4(C)...O6(G) in the platinated GC pair and GCGC tetrad. The relaxation of geometry constrains in metalated nucleobases is found to be decisively important in the formation of novel molecular architectures from nucleobases and metal entities. The incorporation of the platinum in the GCGC tetrad benefits the formation of the unique CH...N (H5(C)...N1(G)) hydrogen bond pattern in the tetrad by offering improved geometric constraints rather than through changing the electronic properties around the H5(C) and N1(G) sites. Platination at the N7 of guanine reduces the deprotonation energy considerably.
Base Pairing↗
Progesterone inhibits protein kinase A (PKA) in Xenopus oocytes: demonstration of endogenous PKA activities using an expressed substrate.
3'-5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase, PKA, is thought to be a key enzyme that controls prophase arrest in vertebrate oocytes. It has long been established that overexpression of the catalytic subunit of PKA inhibits hormone-induced frog oocyte maturation whereas overexpression of the regulatory subunits induces hormone-independent oocyte maturation. However, the activities of endogenous oocyte PKA, or its regulation by the maturation-inducing hormone progesterone, have never been directly demonstrated in frog oocytes. We have developed a novel expressed substrate for PKA in live oocytes by constructing a fusion protein containing an N-terminal myristylation sequence (derived from the Src tyrosine kinase) followed by an antigenic epitope tag and a substrate motif (the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain of beta2 adrenergic receptor). Following mRNA injection, the phosphorylation status of the substrate was determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by epitope immunoblotting, or alternatively by SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting using antibodies specifically recognizing the PKA-phosphorylated form of the substrate. In prophase oocytes, the expressed protein, myr-HA-beta2AR-C, was fully phosphorylated on a single PKA site (Ser346 of human beta2 adrenergic receptor). Within one hour of the addition of progesterone, the PKA site became mostly dephosphorylated. No re-phosphorylation of the PKA site, and therefore no reactivation of PKA, was observed throughout the entire maturation process. To demonstrate the generality of this PKA substrate, we analyzed its phosphorylation status in COS-7 cells following transfection. We show that dibutyryl cAMP rapidly stimulates phosphorylation of the PKA site. These results represent the first biochemical demonstration of regulation of endogenous Xenopus oocyte PKA by progesterone. Furthermore, myr-HA-beta2AR-C should be widely adaptable as an in vivo PKA activity indicator.
Animals↗