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Biomedical subjects

Jun Cheng

Publications and source records attributed to Jun Cheng.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

[Preliminary application of anterior uncovertebral joint resection in cervical spondylotic treatment].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and safety of the anterior uncovertebral joint resection in treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy accompanied by radiculopathy. METHODS: From March 2002 to July 2004, 9 patients (5 males, 4 females; aged 38-66) with cervical spondylotic myelopathy accompanied by radiculopathy underwent the anterior uncovertebral joint resection and discectomy using the titanium cage implantation. There were 6 unilateral and 3 bilateral compressed nerve roots. RESULTS: During the follow-up for 3-16 months, CT scanning or X-ray films revealed that all the patients improved with an enlargement of the intervertebral foramen, and MRI demonstrated that compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots vanished. Seven patients had a relief in the radicular pain although the other 2 still had a residual pain. All the patients improved to some extent in symptoms of myelopathy. No patient suffered vertebral artery injury during the operation. CONCLUSION: The uncovertebral joint resection can directly decompress the nerve roots. The key to avoidance of an injury to the vertebral artery is a good understanding of the regional anatomy and a good performance of the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[The effects of angiotensin II on gene expression of hepatic stellate cells].

OBJECTIVE: Our previous investigation demonstrated that angiotensin II could induce proliferation and differentiation of hepatic stellate cells, and also could up-regulate its extracellular matrix synthesis. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 10(-5) mol/L angiotensin II on gene expression of hepatic stellate cells. METHODS: After incubation with 10(-5) mol/L angiotensin II for 48 hours, the cultured hepatic stellate cells were collected. The mRNA and total protein were obtained from cell lysate and then suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), 2D-gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry were used to identify these cDNAs and proteins. RESULTS: A total of 36 clones from the subtracted cDNA library were sequenced and compared to sequences in the GenBank using BLAST. Of the 36 differentially expressed gene fragments from the subtracted library, 13 differentially expressed gene fragments showed significant homology to other known proteins, such as ribosomal protein, beta-actin FE-3, leucyl-tRNA synthetase, CD147, pyruvate kinase, peroxiredoxin 1, and BAT3, while 2 other gene fragments encoding protein BC097361 and BC057380 and their functions were not disclosed. About 1110 and 1008 protein spots were detected by employing the ImageMaster 2D Platinum 4.9 proteome image analysis system in angiotensin-treated hepatic stellate cells and control cells separately. Among these spots 108 proteins were up-regulated while the other 153 proteins were down-regulated. Several up-regulated proteins were chosen to be excised and in-gel digest MALDI-TOF-MS and Database analysis showed that among the high expression proteins, there were prohibitin, RBL-NDP kinase 1.8x10(4) subunit, electron transfer flavoprotein alpha-subunit, guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 15, and heat shock 7.0x10(4) protein 5. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the up-regulation of hepatic stellate cell mRNA influences proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of those cells. The proteins of signal transduction, metabolizing regulation, apoptosis suppression, and fibrogenesis regulation of hepatic stellate cells were up-regulated.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2005

[Inhibition of HBsAg and HBeAg secretion by RNA interference of the polymerase gene sequence of hepatitis B virus: an experimental study].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the polymerase (P) gene sequence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the replication and antigen secretion of HBV. METHODS: From the 29 base sequences of the HBV in the HepG2.2.15 cells that accord with the demands of siRNA designing five sequences targeting the P gene of HBV were selected and cloned into the siRNA expressing vector pGE-1. Then the plasmid pGE-HBVP was transfected into the cultured HepG2.2.15 cells. Chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to determine the levels of HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatant of culture medium 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the transfection and the expression of HBsAg in the 2.2.15 cells 24 hours after the transfection so as to observe the inhibitory effects. Untransfected cells and cells transfected with blank pGE-1 vector were used as controls. RESULTS: Five vectors expressing the siRNAs targeting the HBV P region, pGE-HBVP1-pGE-HBV5 were successfully constructed. The efficiency of transfection of the vectors into the 2.2.15 cells were 30% to 40%. 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the transfection of pGE-HBVP2, the strongest inhibitor among the five, the inhibitory rates of HBsAg secretion in the supernatant were 28.88%, 32.28%, 29.10%, and 18.42% respectively; and the inhibitory rates of HBeAg secretion were 38.33%, 27.50%, 33.41%, and 12.60% respectively. In view of the transfection efficiency of 30%-40%, the actual inhibitory rate of HBV antigen secretion might reach 80% and over. 24 hours after the transfection the expression rate of HBsAg in the 2.2.15 cells transfected with pGE-HBVP2 was 50%, significantly lower than that in the cells transfected with the blank vector pGE-1 (82%). CONCLUSION: siRNAs targeting the HBV P gene effectively prevent the HBV gene expression and replication and may play an important role in the clinical anti-viral treatment.

Bacteriocin Plasmids↗
PubMed2005

Screening of hepatocyte proteins binding to F protein of hepatitis C virus by yeast two-hybrid system.

AIM: To investigate the biological function of F protein by yeast two-hybrid system. METHODS: We constructed F protein bait plasmid by cloning the gene of F protein into pGBKT7, then recombinant plasmid DNA was transformed into yeast AH109 (a type). The transformed yeast AH109 was mated with yeast Y187 (alpha type) containing liver cDNA library plasmid in 2XYPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing X-alpha-gal for selection and screening. After extracting and sequencing plasmids from positive (blue) colonies, we underwent sequence analysis by bioinformatics. RESULTS: Thirty-six colonies were selected and sequenced. Among them, 11 colonies were zymogen granule protein, 5 colonies were zinc finger protein, 4 colonies were zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein, 1 colony was sialyltransferase, 1 colony was complement control protein factor I, 1 colony was vitronectin, and 2 colonies were new genes with unknown function. CONCLUSION: The yeast two-hybrid system is an effective method for identifying hepatocyte proteins interacting with F protein of hepatitis C virus. F protein may bind to different proteins.

Cell Line, Tumor↗
PubMed2005

Cloning and characterization of a novel hepatitis B virus core binding protein C12.

AIM: To elucidate the biological function of HBV core antigen (HBcAg) on pathogenesis of hepatitis B, a novel gene C12 coding for protein with unknown function interacting with HBcAg in hepatocytes was identified and characterized. METHODS: HBcAg bait plasmid pGBKT7-HBcAg was constructed and transformed into yeast AH109, then the transformed yeast was mated with yeast Y187 containing liver complementary DNA (cDNA) library plasmid in 2XYPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) and synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing X-alpha-gal for screening twice. After extracting and sequencing of plasmid from blue colonies, we isolated a cDNA clone encoding a novel protein designated as C12 that directly interacted with HBcAg. The interaction between HBcAg and C12 was verified again by re-mating. pEGFP-N1-C12 fluorescent protein fusion gene was transfected in 293 and L02 cell, and observed by fluorescent microscope. MTT reduction assay was used to study the action of C12 protein effect on metabolism of mammal cell. Yeast two-hybrid and cDNA microarray were performed to search binding protein and differential expression genes regulated by C12 protein. RESULTS: C12 gene was screened and identified by yeast two-hybrid system 3. The interaction between HBcAg and the novel protein coded by the new gene C12 was further confirmed by re-mating. After 48 h, fluorescence of fusion protein could be observed steadily in the 293 and L02 cell plasma. Under MTT assay, we found that the expression of C12 did not influence the growth of liver cells. Seventeen differential expression genes in HepG2 cells transfected with C12 protein expression plasmid by cDNA microarray, of which 16 genes were upregulated and 1 gene was downregulated by C12 protein. Twenty-one colonies containing 16 different genes coding for C12 protein binding proteins were isolated by yeast two-hybrid, there were 2 new genes with unknown function. CONCLUSION: The novel protein C12 is located in cell plasma, and its overexpression has no significant effect on the metabolism of liver cell. It interacts with many proteins in hepatocytes and may be involved in many processes of gene expression.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Study of transactivating effect of pre-S2 protein of hepatitis B virus and cloning of genes transactivated by pre-S2 protein with suppression subtractive hybridization.

AIM: To investigate the transactivating effect of pre-S2 protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and construct a subtractive cDNA library of genes transactivated by pre-S2 protein with suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique, and to pave the way for elucidating the pathogenesis of HBV infection. METHODS: pcDNA3.1(-)-pre-S2 containing pre-S2 region of HBV genome was constructed by routine molecular methods. HepG2 cells were cotransfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-pre-S2/pSV-lacZ and empty pcDNA3.1(-)/pSV-lacZ. After 48 h, cells were collected and detected for the expression of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). SSH and bioinformatics techniques were used, the mRNA of HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-pre-S2 and pcDNA3.1(-) empty vector was isolated, respectively, cDNA was synthesized. After digestion with restriction enzyme RsaI, cDNA fragments were obtained. Tester cDNA was then divided into two groups and ligated to the specific adaptor 1 and adaptor 2, respectively. After tester cDNA was hybridized with driver cDNA twice and underwent two times of nested PCR, amplified cDNA fragments were subcloned into pGEM-Teasy vectors to set up the subtractive library. Amplification of the library was carried out with E.coli strain DH5alpha. The cDNA was sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with Blast search after PCR. RESULTS: The pre-S2 mRNA could be detected in HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-pre-S2 plasmid. The activity of beta-gal in HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-pre-S2/pSV-lacZ was 7.0 times higher than that of control plasmid (P<0.01). The subtractive library of genes transactivated by HBV pre-S2 protein was constructed successfully. The amplified library contains 96 positive clones. Colony PCR showed that 86 clones contained 200-1 000 bp inserts. Sequence analysis was performed in 50 clones randomly, and the full length sequences were obtained with bioinformatics method and searched for homologous DNA sequence from GenBank, altogether 25 coding sequences were obtained, these cDNA sequences might be the target genes transactivated by pre-S2 protein. CONCLUSION: The pre-S2 protein of HBV has transactivating effect on SV40 early promoter. The obtained sequences may be target genes transactivated by pre-S2 protein among which some genes coding proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, immunity, signal transduction and cell apoptosis. This finding brings some new clues for studying the biological functions of pre-S2 protein and further understanding of HBV hepatocarcinogesis.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Comparisons of disposable and conventional silver working electrode for the determination of iodide using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.

The paper compared the performance of two kinds of silver working electrode in electrochemical detector-the disposable and conventional electrode for the determination of iodide using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC) hyphenated with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD). The comparisons were carried out on the time of equilibration, long and short-term reproducibility, limits of detection and linearity of calibration. Results showed that disposable working electrode manifested equal or better results than conventional working electrode and could be used for iodide analysis. Besides, the disposable electrode could work for consecutive 2660 min (about 44 h, 10 min needed for each run) with no degradation. Due to its "disposable" property, disposable working electrode could be discarded if the detection sensitivity decreased to 80% so the time for polishing and reconditioning was spared and good reproducible results could be obtained. At last, the disposable electrode was applied for the determination of iodide in soil and sea water samples with the spiked recovery ranging from 96-104% and the detection limit of 0.5 microg/L (10 microL injection, three times of the baseline noise).

Anion Exchange Resins↗
PubMed2005

Comparative study on the analytical performance of three waveforms for the determination of several aminoglycoside antibiotics with high performance liquid chromatography using amperometric detection.

A preliminary comparative study was carried out on the analytical performances of a new six-potential waveform and other two detection waveforms, triple-potential waveform and quadruple-potential waveform. The analytical performances compared included signal response, background noise, signal/noise ratio and signal stability. Compared with triple-potential waveform and quadruple-potential waveform, the new six-potential waveform had higher signal response, signal/noise ratio, and sensitivity. As for determination reproducibility, the six-potential waveform also exhibited a slightly better performance than the other two waveforms. Under the selected experimental conditions based on the six-potential waveform, there is a linear correlation between peak area and concentration over two to three orders of magnitude for nine aminoglycoside antibiotics with a correlation coefficients better than 0.998 and the detection limits measured as three times the peak height signal-to-noise ratio for the nine aminoglycoside antibiotics were in the range of 0.0198-0.889 microg/mL. The proposed method had been used to analyze real gentamicin sulphate drug sample.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed2005

Screening of genes of proteins interacting with p7 protein of hepatitis C virus from human liver cDNA library by yeast two-hybrid system.

AIM: To investigate the biological function of p7 protein and to look for proteins interacting with p7 protein in hepatocytes. METHODS: We constructed p7 protein bait plasmid by cloning the gene of p7 protein into pGBKT7, then transformed it into yeast AH109 (a type). The transformed yeast was mated with yeast Y187 (alpha type) containing liver cDNA library plasmid, pACT2 in 2XYPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing x-alpha-gal for selection and screening. After extracting and sequencing of plasmids from blue colonies, we performed sequence analysis by bioinformatics. RESULTS: Fifty colonies were selected and sequenced. Among them, one colony was Homo sapiens signal sequence receptor, seven colonies were Homo sapiens H19, seven colonies were immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat, three colonies were spermatid peri-nuclear RNA binding proteins, two colonies were membrane-spanning 4-domains, 24 colonies were cancer-associated antigens, four colonies were nucleoporin 214 ku and two colonies were CLL-associated antigens. CONCLUSION: The successful cloning of gene of protein interacting with p7 protein paves a way for the study of the physiological function of p7 protein and its associated protein.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Transactivating effect of complete S protein of hepatitis B virus and cloning of genes transactivated by complete S protein using suppression subtractive hybridization technique.

AIM: To investigate the transactivating effect of complete S protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and to construct a subtractive cDNA library of genes transactivated by complete S protein of HBV by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique and to clone genes associated with its transactivation activity, and to pave the way for elucidating the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection. METHODS: pcDNA3.1(-)-complete S containing full-length HBV S gene was constructed by insertion of HBV complete S gene into BamH I/Kpn I sites. HepG2 cells were cotransfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-complete S and pSV-lacZ. After 48 h, cells were collected and detected for the expression of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal). Suppression subtractive hybridization and bioinformatics techniques were used. The mRNA of HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-complete S and pcDNA3.1(-) empty vector was isolated, and detected for the expression of complete S protein by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method, and cDNA was synthesized. After digestion with restriction enzyme RsaI, cDNA fragments were obtained. Tester cDNA was then divided into two groups and ligated to the specific adaptors 1 and 2, respectively. After tester cDNA had been hybridized with driver cDNA twice and underwent nested PCR twice, amplified cDNA fragments were subcloned into pGEM-Teasy vectors to set up the subtractive library. Amplification of the library was carried out within E. coli strain DH5alpha. The cDNA was sequenced and analyzed in GenBank with BLAST search after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. RESULTS: The complete S mRNA could be detected by RT-PCR in HepG2 cells transfected with the pcDNA3.1(-)-complete S. The activity of beta-gal in HepG2 cells transfected with the pcDNA3.1(-)-complete S was 6.9 times higher than that of control plasmid. The subtractive library of genes transactivated by HBV complete S protein was constructed successfully. The amplified library contains 86 positive clones. Colony PCR showed that 86 clones contained DNA inserts of 200-1 000 bp, respectively. Sequence analysis was performed in 35 clones randomly, and the full length sequences were obtained with bioinformatics method and searched for homologous DNA sequence from GenBank, altogether 33 coding sequences were obtained. These cDNA sequences might be target genes transactivated by complete S protein of HBV. Moreover, two unknown genes were discovered, full length coding sequences were obtained by bioinformatics techniques, one of them was named complete S transactivated protein 1 (CSTP1) and registered in GenBank (AY553877). CONCLUSION: The complete S gene of HBV has a transactivating effect on SV40 early promoter. A subtractive cDNA library of genes transactivated by HBV complete S protein using SSH technique has been constructed successfully. The obtained sequences may be target genes transactivated by HBV complete S protein among which some genes coding proteins are involved in cell cycle regulation, metabolism, immunity, signal transduction, cell apoptosis and formation mechanism of hepatic carcinoma.

Cell Line, Tumor↗
PubMed2005

Screening of hepatocyte proteins binding to complete S protein of hepatitis B virus by yeast-two hybrid system.

AIM: To investigate the biological function of complete S protein and to look for proteins interacting with complete S protein in hepatocytes. METHODS: We constructed bait plasmid expressing complete S protein of HBV by cloning the gene of complete S protein into pGBKT7, then the recombinant plasmid DNA was transformed into yeast AH109 (a type). The transformed yeast AH109 was mated with yeast Y187 (alpha type) containing liver cDNA library plasmid in 2XYPDA medium. Diploid yeast was plated on synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/-Trp-Leu-His-Ade) containing X-alpha-gal for selection and screening. After extracting and sequencing of plasmids from positive (blue) colonies, we underwent sequence analysis by bioinformatics. RESULTS: Nineteen colonies were selected and sequenced. Among them, five colonies were Homo sapiens solute carrier family 25, member 23 (SLC25A23), one was Homo sapiens calreticulin, one was human serum albumin (ALB) gene, one was Homo sapiens metallothionein 2A, two were Homo sapiens betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase, three were Homo sapiens Na(+) and H(+) coupled amino acid transport system N, one was Homo sapiens CD81 antigen (target of anti-proliferative antibody 1) (CD81), three were Homo sapiens diazepam binding inhibitor, two colonies were new genes with unknown function. CONCLUSION: The yeast-two hybrid system is an effective method for identifying hepatocyte proteins interacting with complete S protein of HBV. The complete S protein may bind to different proteins i.e., its multiple functions in vivo.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Scaling up a microbore separation for semipreparative analysis: differential recoveries of radiolabeled amino acids.

Application of a high-sensitivity microbore system designed to separate and quantify nonderivatized amino acids by anion exchange chromatography and amperometric detection for determination of amino acid-specific activities in biological samples requires high capacity to recover sufficient labeled material for adequate count statistics. Scale up from a low (25-1000 pmol) to a high (500-15,000 pmol) working range was achieved by use of a thick working electrode gasket to reduce sensitivity and eliminate peak splitting and tailing and by modification of the wash procedure to eliminate carryover. Analysis of recoveries of labeled amino acids revealed that specific amino acids are either selectively retained on the column or partially degraded during analysis and that assessment of purities of labeled compounds and metabolic labeling patterns requires careful analysis of recoveries of labeled compounds in the appropriate eluate fraction.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2005

Genes transactivated by hepatitis C virus core protein, a microarray assay.

AIM: To explore the new target genes transactivated by hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein and to elucidate the pathogenesis of HCV infection. METHODS: Reverse transcribed cDNA was subjected to microarray assay. The coding gene transactivated by HCV core protein was cloned and analyzed with bioinformatics methods. RESULTS: The expressive vector of pcDNA3.1(-)-core was constructed and confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing and approved correct. mRNA was purified from HepG2 and HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-core, respectively. The cDNA derived was subjected to microarray assay. A new gene named HCTP4 was cloned with molecular biological method in combination with bioinformatics method. CONCLUSION: HCV core is a potential transactivator. Microarray is an efficient and convenient method for analysis of differentially expressed genes.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
PubMed2005

Molecular epidemiological study on pre-X region of hepatitis B virus and identification of hepatocyte proteins interacting with whole-X protein by yeast two-hybrid.

AIM: To identify the pre-X region in hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome and to study the relationship between the genotype and the pre-X region. To investigate the biological function of whole-X (pre-X plus X) protein, we performed yeast two-hybrid to screen proteins in liver interacting with whole-X protein. METHODS: The pre-X region of HBV was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, and was cloned to pGEM Teasy vector. After the target region was sequenced, Vector 8.0 software was used to analyze the sequences. The whole-X bait plasmid was constructed by using yeast two-hybrid system 3. Yeast strain AH109 was transformed. After expression of the whole-X protein in AH109 yeast strains was proved, yeast two-hybrid screening was performed by mating AH109 with Y187 containing liver cDNA library plasmid. The mated yeast was plated on quadruple dropout medium and assayed for alpha-gal activity. The interaction between whole-X protein and the protein obtained from positive colonies was further confirmed by repeating yeast two-hybrid. After extracting and sequencing of plasmid from blue colonies, we carried out analysis by bioinformatics. RESULTS: After sequencing, 27 of 45 clones (60%) were found encoding the pre-X peptide. Eighteen of twenty-seven clones (66.7%) of pre-X coding sequences were found from genotype C. Five positive colonies that interacted with whole-X protein were obtained and sequenced; namely, fetuin B, UDP glycosyltransferase 1 family-polypeptide A9, mannose-P-dolichol utilization defect 1, fibrinogen-B beta polypeptide, transmembrane 4 superfamily member 4-CD81 (TM4SF4). CONCLUSION: The pre-X gene exists in HBV genome. Genes of proteins interacting with whole-X protein in hepatocytes were successfully cloned. These results brought some new clues for studying the biological functions of whole-X protein.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2005

Stimulated and spontaneous optical generation of electron spin coherence in charged GaAs quantum dots.

We report on the coherent optical excitation of electron spin polarization in the ground state of charged GaAs quantum dots via an intermediate charged exciton (trion) state. Coherent optical fields are used for the creation and detection of the Raman spin coherence between the spin ground states of the charged quantum dot. The measured spin decoherence time, which is likely limited by the nature of the spin ensemble, approaches 10 ns at zero field. We also show that the Raman spin coherence in the quantum beats is caused not only by the usual stimulated Raman interaction but also by simultaneous spontaneous radiative decay of either excited trion state to a coherent combination of the two spin states.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Vascular endothelial growth factor in salivary pleomorphic adenomas: one of the reasons for their poorly vascularized stroma.

To better understand the poorly vascularized background of the stroma of pleomorphic adenomas, we attempted to determine the expression of molecules related to blood vessels and hypoxic conditions in pleomorphic adenoma. Surgical specimens and tumor cells in primary culture of salivary pleomorphic adenomas were used for immunohistochemistry for CD31, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors Flk-1 and Flt-1, as well as for hypoxia markers, such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and lactate dehydrogenase-1 (LDH). At the same time, alternative splicing modes of the VEGF gene and expression levels of the HIF-1alpha gene were analyzed in surgical specimens by means of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and direct sequencing of the PCR products. In addition to co-immunolocalization with CD31+ vascular endothelial cells, VEGF and its receptors were demonstrated in normal duct epithelial and myoepithelial cells as well as in tumor cells in ductal structures and in myxochondroid stromata. Immunolocalizations for HIF-1alpha and LDH were confirmed in the VEGF-positive area. Immunofluorescence signals for VEGF and others were confirmed in pleomorphic adenoma cells in culture. RT-PCR results showed that there were at least four splicing modes of the VEGF gene, among which VEGF(121) was most enhanced, and higher HIF-1alpha levels in pleomorphic adenomas. The results suggest that pleomorphic adenoma cells produce VEGF in several functional forms for their own proliferation or differentiation, and that the VEGF expression is controlled by hypoxic circumstances of poorly vascularized pleomorphic adenomas.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗