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Biomedical subjects

K Adachi

Publications and source records attributed to K Adachi.

At least 793 records · Page 44Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Bile acids of patients with renal failure receiving chronic hemodialysis.

Bile acids in serum, urine and dialysate of 8 patients with renal failure in chronic hemodialysis were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The following results were obtained: 1. Lithocholic acid, 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholen-24-oic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and cholic acid were identified in hemodialysate as well as in serum and urine. 2. The serum bile acid concentration of the patients was 2.78 +/- 0.57 micrograms/mL before hemodialysis and 1.34 +/- 0.48 micrograms/mL after a 5-h period hemodialysis with cuprophane membrane. The proportions of secondary bile acids in predialysis and postdialysis serum of patients were significantly higher than those of healthy subjects. 3. Two out of 8 patients excreted urine. But the amounts of bile acids in urine of the patients were very small compared to those of healthy subjects. 4. The amount of bile acids removed from blood by hemodialysis was 0.70 +/- 0.25 mg. In dialysate, cholic acid constituted a larger proportion of the total bile acids, and lithocholic acid a smaller proportion, when compared to those in urine of patients and healthy subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunosuppressive activity of FTY720, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonist: I. Prevention of allograft rejection in rats and dogs by FTY720 and FTY720-phosphate.

FTY720, a new class of immunomodulator, induces lymphopenia by sequestration of circulating lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid tissues. FTY720 at 0.1 to 1 mg/kg significantly prolonged the allograft survival in a dose-dependent manner and showed a marked synergistic effect in combination with cyclosporine (CsA) in rat skin and cardiac allograft models. In addition, the canine renal allograft survival was significantly prolonged by combination therapy with FTY720 at 0.03 to 1 mg/kg and CsA at 10 mg/kg as compared with monotherapy of FTY720 or CsA. By contrast, the combination therapy with CsA and azathioprine or CsA and mycophenolate mofetil resulted in only an additive effect in rat skin allograft. When FTY720 was administered to rats, FTY720 was metabolized by omega-oxidation of the octyl side chain, and beta-oxidation subsequently, or phosphorylated by sphingosine kinase. Omega- and beta-oxidized 4 metabolities of FTY720 at 10 mg/kg i.v. showed neither lymphopenia nor immunosuppressive activity in rat skin allograft. On the other hand, (S)-enantiomer of FTY720-phosphate at 0.1 and 1 mg/kg intravenously induced a marked lymphopenia and significantly prolonged the allograft survival in the rat allotransplantation. From these results, it is suggested the lymphopenia and the immunosuppression induced by FTY720 administration is due to the agonistic activity against SIP receptors of the active metabolite, (S)-FTY720-phosphate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluoride profiles in dental calculus from Japanese, Chinese and British residents.

Whether the fluoride concentrations and profiles differ in human dental calculus obtained from different countries was investigated. A total of 203 dental calculus deposits on 203 permanent teeth from residents (mean age, 52.1 years) of Nagoya (Japan), Shanghai (China), Leeds (Great Britain) and the Wuhan mountainous area (China, fluoridated area) were analysed. An abrasive microsampling procedure was used to examine fluoride distribution. There were five types of fluoride profiles in dental calculus in each area/country (designated types L, J, U, T, W). In supragingival calculus, type L (highest in the outermost layers) and type J (highest in the innermost layers) both had significantly higher values than type U (high in the surface and innermost layers) but were relatively identical. In subgingival calculus, type W (high in the outermost, mid and innermost layers) was characteristics. Calculus from the Wuhan mountainous area (fluoridated) had the highest fluoride concentration, followed by Leeds (non-fluoridated), and Nagoya and Shanghai (non-fluoridated) calculus had the lowest. Fluoride concentrations in supragingival calculus were higher in teeth extracted because of periodontal diseases than dental caries. It is concluded that fluoride concentrations and distribution in dental calculus differ from country to country, probably due to different fluoride environments.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Imaging studies in patients with malignant melanoma in the female genital tract.

The purpose of this study was to review magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pathologic features of primary malignant melanoma (melanoma) in the female genital tract. We retrospectively evaluated MRI in six women with melanoma of the genital tract. The signal intensity of the tumor on T1-weighted images (WI) was compared with the amount of melanin granules in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections of resected specimen. On T1WI, four melanomas showed a high signal intensity, one intermediate, and one low. The four melanomas with a high signal intensity on T1W1 were rich in melanin granules, while the one intermediate tumor had few granules. The other one was amelanotic. We believe that a high signal on T1WI is characteristic of primary melanotic melanoma of the female genital tract. Our findings suggest that it is strongly influenced by the presence of melanin granules.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
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Concentrations of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone in spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Concentrations of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone (ir-TRH) were measured by specific radioimmunoassay in the spinal cord of six patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and seven with non-neurological diseases. Ir-TRH concentrations were the highest in the anterior horn, compared with other areas of the spinal cord, both in non-neurological diseases and ALS. Ir-TRH concentrations in the anterior horn of ALS were significantly lower than in non-neurological diseases, but were the same in both groups in other parts of the spinal cord (e.g. posterior horn, frontal part, lateral and central part, posterior part). Ir-TRH concentrations in rat spinal cords were stable for up to seven hours when spinal cord was stored after death at 4 degrees C or 22 degrees C. An elution profile of methanol-extracted human spinal cord on Sephandex G-10 column was identical to that of synthetic TRH. The cell population in the anterior horn in ALS was decreased markedly. The findings suggest that TRH is present in the human spinal cord and its decreased concentrations in the anterior horn of ALS may be due to a decrease in the cell population.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, aclacinomycin A, and mitomycin C for cervical adenocarcinoma--a preliminary study.

Between 1989 and 2002, 28 patients with locally advanced cervical adenocarcinoma (bulky IB-IIIB) were recruited for a pilot study aimed at evaluation of the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with cisplatin, aclacinomycin-A, and mitomycin-C (PAM), followed by radical surgery. This regimen was administrated intra-arterially or intravenously. In addition to patients treated with PAM, we retrospectively analyzed the prognoses of 26 patients in stage I and II, who had been treated between 1975 and 1981 with radical surgery with/without radiation therapy. Twenty-eight patients received PAM therapy as neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and 75.0% of the 16 intra-arterially infused patients showed a response, as did 66.7% of the 12 intravenously infused patients. There was a significant difference in the 5-year prognosis of stage II (PAM group, 72.9%; without-PAM group, 36.4%). The results suggest that, as the free space in the parametrium is widened by neoadjuvant chemotherapy with PAM, it is possible that the tumor could be completely resected by radical hysterectomy. Thus, neoadjuvant chemotherapy with PAM is expected to improve the survival rate of patients with advanced cervical adenocarcinoma by the preliminary study. However, the survival rates of stage II with lymph node metastasis in the without-PAM group seem low, and we must also consider that the various technologies to evaluate and treat the cervical adenocarcinomas, e.g. computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and surgical equipments, had improved during 1989-2002 than was the scenario during 1975-1981, and these improvements contributed to better prognosis. A prospective-randomized study is needed to assess the value of this approach compared with standard management.

Aclarubicin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urine sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids as a diagnostic test for liver disease in cats.

Urine bile acid (UBA) tests reflecting "average" serum bile acid (SBA) concentrations may have greater practical utility than paired SBA samples in cats. This study evaluated whether urine sulfated bile acids (USBAs), urine nousulfated bile acids (UNSBAs), or a combined approach had a clinical utility equivalent to SBAs. Routine serum biochemistry tests, SBA concentrations, and urine samples were collected from 54 cats with hepatobiliary disease, 17 cats with nonhepatic disorders, and 8 healthy cats. UBAs were measured by a quantitative enzymatic colorimetric method, and results were normalized with urine creatinine (UCr) concentrations. Significantly higher values occurred in cats with liver disease than in cats without liver disease for USBA : UCr, UNSBA:UCr, and (USBA and UNSBA) : UCr, P < .05 each. UBA tests with diagnostic performance (sensitivity [SS], specificity [SP], and positive and negative predictive values [PV+ and PV-]) equivalent to SBAs were the UNSBA : UCr and the combined test (SS: 87, 87 versus 85; SP: 88, 88 versus 88; PV+: 96, 96 versus 96; PV-: 68, 65 versus 68; UNSBA : UCr, [USBA, and UNSBA]: UCr versus SBA, respectively). Clinical applications of the UNSBA : UCr or the combined (USBA and UNSBA) : UCr test should be useful as convenient diagnostic tests for identifying cats with liver disease and high SEA concentrations.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intra-oral fluoride retention 3 minutes after fluoride mouthrinsing in 4- to 5-year-old children: effects of fluoride concentration and rinsing time.

This study was undertaken to explore the site-specific retention rate and the possibility of shortening fluoride (F) mouthrinsing time of kindergarten children. Fluoride retention after 10-, 20- and 30-second mouthrinsing was determined in 43 kindergarten children aged 4-5 years. Tooth surfaces were sampled by a paper point method. Fluoride concentrations in the salivary film on tooth surfaces increased from primary molars to primary incisors in the maxilla and decreased from primary molars to primary incisors in the mandible. The fluoride solution reached the primary molars even after a 10-second rinse, but F concentrations were higher after 20 s than after 10 s and significantly higher after 30 s than after 10 s. No significant difference was observed between 20 and 30 s. The average total F retained in the mouth was 0.13 mg after 20 s and 0.17 mg after 30 s. It was concluded that 30-second mouthrinsing, which is used extensively in Japanese kindergartens, can be shortened to 20 s.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Suppression of the hydrazine-induced formation of megamitochondria in the rat liver by coenzyme Q10.

The effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the hydrazine-induced changes in the structure of mitochondria and those in antioxidant systems of the liver were investigated using rats as experimental animals. Animals were placed on a powdered diet containing 1.0% hydrazine for 7-8 days in the presence or absence of the combined treatment with CoQ10. Results obtained were as follows: (a) treatment of animals with CoQ10 prevented the hydrazine-induced formation of megamitochondria in the liver; (b) changes observed in the liver of the hydrazine-treated animals in comparison to the control were increases in the contents of alpha-tocopherol and CoQ analogs, increases in the levels of lipid peroxidation, decreases in the level of reduced glutathione with increases in that of oxidized glutathione, and increases in the ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in phospholipid domains of mitochondrial membranes; and (c) administration of CoQ10 to hydrazine-treated animals suppressed enhanced lipid peroxidation and improved lowered adenosine diphosphate/O ratios of mitochondria. The present data suggest that CoQ10 suppresses the hydrazine-induced formation of megamitochondria by scavenging free radicals generated from hydrazine and its metabolites.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The age-related difference in bone changes in rats induced by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

We examined the bone changes in recombinant granulocyte colon-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF)-treated young and young adult rats in order to investigate the effect of age-related conditions of bone growth on the bone changes induced by rhG-CSF. Recombinant human G-CSF (100 and 1,000 micrograms/kg/day) was given to rats by daily intravenous injection for 28 days starting at the age of either 6 or 14 wk, and the hindlimb bones were evaluated histopathologically. In the young rats, bone lesions were observed in the 100- and 1,000-micrograms/k groups. In the young adult rats, lesions were found only in the 1,000-micrograms/kg group. The lesions involved accelerated osteoclastic bone resorption and osteogenesis due to intramembranous ossification and there was no age-related difference in these histopathological findings. However, both the incidence of bone involvement and the severity of lesions were greater in the young rats than in the dose-matched young adult rats. The results suggest that the higher dose of rhG-CSF may intrinsically induce bone lesions of a particular histopathological nature in rats regardless of their age, and the action of rhG-CSF on bone may be stronger in young growing rats than in young adults.

Age Factors↗