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Biomedical subjects

K Adamovich

Publications and source records attributed to K Adamovich.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Respiratory syncytial virus infection in high-risk infants].

The authors describes the frequency of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in high risk infants in ten hospitals, between 01.02.1999.-15.03.1999. RSV antigen test were performed from the nasopharyngeal or throat swabs of 58 infants with respiratory tract infections. Thirteen patients were positive. Among them 11 were prematures. Six infants were still receiving treatment in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, while seven infants were readmitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Distribution of risk factors (prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, ventilation in newborn period, smoking in the family, unseparated brothers or sisters) in patients were comparable with the data of literature. Eight infants needed head box O2-therapy. No deaths were detected. The results of this preliminary study in Hungary might emphasize the importance of RSV infection, as a frequent cause of rehospitalization and the possibility of prevention (immunoglobulin, palivizumab).

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed2001

[Transport of newborn infants who need intensive care].

A 4-year-long experience is reported on mobile neonatal emergency transport service for pathological newborn babies from referral hospitals to the NICU level III. The area covered by the NICU consists of three counties with a total population of 1 million. Distance of the hospitals from the NICU ranges 0.5-115 km, transport time varies from 0.5-5.0 hours. In the transport staff are dedicated neonatal team from the NICU III, the driver and the emergency medical technician are the employee of the National Ambulance Service. During the study period 385 patients were transported. Clinical condition and characteristic laboratory parameters of the babies at departure and arrival are analysed and compared to evaluate the efficacy and quality of the system. Furthermore, some questions regarding organisation, transit time and response time and legal aspects are discussed.

Ambulances↗
PubMed2001

[Normal percentiles of kidney size in children as measured by ultrasonography].

The most anomaly of kidney development and urinary tract diseases have an effect on the size of the kidneys. Kidney size (renal length and parenchymal thickness) is readily measurable by ultrasonography, but the evaluation remains subjective without the use of appropriate standards. The aim of authors was, to produce a centile chart for normal kidney size based on US measurement in healthy Hungarian children. Renal length and renal parenchymal thickness (upper pole, middle part and lower pole) as well body weight and height were measured in 330 children. Normograms (centile charts) with 10th, 50th and 90th centiles were produced for body weight/height and renal length/parenchymal thickness. Renal length correlated strongly with both body weight (r = 0.93, p < 0.001) and height (r = 0.93, p < 0.001). The centile chart for renal size enables the objective evaluation of abnormal kidney size; it can help in the early recognition and follow up of urinary diseases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Extremely low birth weight (less than 1000 gram) and early postnatal weight gain in preterm infants].

Improving survival of extremely low birthweight (< 1000 g) preterm infants opens the practical issues of their postnatal nutrition and growth. The authors studied nutrition and weight gain in 16 extremely low birthweight preterm infants (birthweight: 890 +/- 22 g, gestational age: 28.0 +/- 0.2 week, mean +/- SEM) during the first 12 weeks of life. Milk of the mother, or fortified pooled human milk or preterm infant formula was fed. The preterm infants approximated their birthweight by the end of the 3rd week of life (21st day: 866 +/- 29 g). Body weight expressed as per cent of birthweight was 109 +/- 2% at the end of the 4th, 176 +/- 7% at the end of the 8th and 275 +/- 6% at the end of the 12th week of life. Weight gain during the 1st to 8th postnatal weeks was compared to the mean in utero weight gain of foetuses with identical gestational age, gender and weight percentile position. Cumulative weight gain of preterm infants during the first 8 weeks of life was significantly lower than that of the theoretical controls (76 +/- 7% versus 136 +/- 2%, per cent of the initial value, preterm versus control, p < 0.0001). Additional weight gain of preterm infants was lower than that of the controls on the 1st to 5th weeks of life (g/kg/day, 1st week: -14.4 +/- 1.6 versus 16.7 +/- 0.5, p < 0.0001; 5th week: 13.3 +/- 1.2 versus 16.4 +/- 0.3, p < 0.05), there were no differences between the two groups on the 6th and 7th weeks, whereas preterm infants gained significantly more weight on the 8th week of life than the theoretical control value (18.2 +/- 0.9 versus 14.0 +/- 0.2, p < 0.001). These data indicate that the first weeks of life represent an especially important period for the improvement of the nutrition of extremely low birthweight preterm infants.

Gestational Age↗
PubMed2000

High prevalence of factor V Leiden mutation in mothers of premature neonates.

The prevalence of the Leiden mutation was tested in 50 mothers of premature infants and in 56 mothers of intrauterine-growth-retarded neonates. The prevalence of the Leiden mutation was 7.2% in the mothers of growth-retarded neonates and 18% in the group of mothers of premature infants, the latter being significantly higher than the 6.3% prevalence of this mutation in healthy Hungarian subjects (p < 0.01). In spite of the relatively small number of mothers examined, the unexpected finding may call attention to a hitherto unknown relationship.

DNA Mutational Analysis↗
PubMed1999

[Hydranencephaly. (Severe cerebral malformations in three newborn infants)].

Three neonatal cases of hydranencephaly are reported. Clinical and radiological characteristics of this disease are also described. Factors which can have any role in the development of hydranencephaly are reviewed. The importance of intrauterine ultrasonography and the quick, early diagnosis is emphasized. Therapeutic approaches are also discussed.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1999

[Successful treatment of a right atrial thrombus secondary to central venous catheterization].

The authors report on the thrombolytic therapy in an infant born after 36 weeks of gestation weighing 2800 grams. She was repeatedly operated on for intestinal perforation and a right atrial thrombus developed as a complication of the central venous catheterisation. Complete dissolution of the thrombus was observed after 5 days of local urokinase infusion (initial dose: 3000 IU/kg/hr, gradually elevated up to 4500 IU/kg/hr) through an Epicutaneocava catheter positioned in the right atrium. Subsequently, prophylactic intravenous heparin infusion (100 IU/kg/hr), then subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin (2 x 100 AXa IU/kg/day) was given. No side effects of the treatment was observed. On follow-up examinations at the age of 5 months the infant proved to be healthy.

Catheterization, Central Venous↗
PubMed1999

No latent chromosome damage in oxygen-exposed premature neonates.

The possible effect of in vivo oxygen exposure on chromosomes was examined in lymphocyte cultures of 12 very-low-birthweight infants on the 1st, 8th, and 16th days of intensive care. No increase of cytogenetic anomalies was seen in untreated and bleomycin-treated cultures. The findings suggest that neonatal oxygen exposure is unlikely to cause latent chromosome damage.

Bleomycin↗
PubMed1999

Labeled trimethyllysine load depletes unlabeled carnitine in premature infants without evidence of incorporation.

6-N-Trimethyl-[d9]-L-lysine (dTML), the labeled form of a mammalian carnitine precursor, was administered to two groups of premature infants. Although the urinary output of dTML significantly increased in the low-dose-treated group (100 micromol/day), this amount did not affect the urinary output or plasma levels of carnitine and carnitine esters. In the second group of infants, after administration of 500 micromol dTML the plasma-free carnitine concentration increased (from 9.95 +/- 0.63 to 12.9 +/- 0.87 nmol/ml, p > 0.05) with a significant increase in the urinary excretion of free carnitine on the day of dTML administration and on the posttreatment day (from 4.79 +/- 1.36 to 9.85 +/- 1.18 and to 17.5 +/- 2.31 micromol/day, respectively). Analysis of urine using fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) revealed only the presence of the dTML in the urine of the newborns; no change was detected in the relative abundance of any other carnitine precursor. Surprisingly, in the second group, which received the higher dose of dTML supplement, only the signal intensity of the unlabeled carnitine increased after dTML administration; no new peak appeared in the urine that would correspond to the de novo synthesized carnitine containing the stable isotope-labeled trimethyl group of dTML. Thus, the FAB-MS analysis clearly demonstrated that contrary to the likely prediction, the 270% extra free carnitine output was a consequence of a dose-dependent dTML-induced depletion of the free carnitine reserves from the newborns. The absence of the incorporation of the label from dTML into carnitine strongly suggests that circulating TML is not the precursor of carnitine in premature infants.

Carnitine↗
PubMed1996

Dandy-Walker malformation and polydactyly: a possible expression of hydrolethalus syndrome.

Hydrolethalus syndrome consists of hydrocephalus, polydactyly, micrognathia, midcranial malformations, visceral abnormalities and perinatal lethality. It was first described in Finland, and only a few other cases outside Scandinavia are known. We report the first Hungarian patient who displayed many signs of the syndrome but had no cleft lip and visceral abnormalities. This observation suggests the existence of oligosymptomic hydrolethalus syndrome, and suggests that Dandy-Walker malformation with polydactyly may be a manifestation of the hydrolethalus syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast-fed and formula fed healthy infants].

While human milk contains considerable amounts of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP), most formulae contain only the precursors of LCP synthesis (linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids) but are devoid of preformed dietary LCP such as are arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids. LCP contents in plasma phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TG) and sterol esters (STE) were measured by high resolution capillary gas-liquid chromatography in healthy, term infants fed human milk of formula. Percentage contributions of the precursor fatty acids were similar or higher in plasma lipids in formula fed than in breast-fed infants, meanwhile values of the intermediary metabolites of LCP synthesis did not differ between the two groups. Percentage contributions of arachidonic acid were higher in breast-fed than in formula fed infants at the ages of 2 weeks (PL: 9.39 +/- 1.00 vs. 6.91 +/- 0.38, TG: 0.61 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.41 +/- 0.05, %weight/weight, mean +/- SEM), 1 month (PL: 9.06 +/- 1.04 vs. 6.16 +/- 0.35, TG: 0.62 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.32 +/- 0.04, STE: 4.50 +/- 0.45 vs. 2.84 +/- 0.39) and 2 months (PL: 8.41 +/- 1.19 vs. 5.74 +/- 0.37). Similarly, docosahexaenoic acid values were at the ages of 1 month (PL: 1.94 +/- 0.21 vs. 1.19 +/- 0.21, TG: 0.12 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.04 +/- 0.02) and 2 months (PL: 2.02 +/- 0.36 vs. 0.99 +/- 0.07) significantly higher in breast-fed infants than in those receiving formula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1992

[Mortality among mature neonates requiring intensive care].

Causes of mortality among term infants hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit during a period of five years were investigated. Among the 107 fatal cases analyzed, congenital malformation was the cause of death in 63 and hypoxia/asphyxia in 35 cases, whereas 9 newborns died primarily of infection. Though congenital malformation is the leading cause of mortality, nevertheless, also perinatal asphyxia and primary and secondary infections play an important role. The utmost importance of prevention and proper medical care is emphasized.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1992

[Glycosylated proteins, blood sugar levels and postnatal growth in very low birth weight (less than 1500 g) neonates].

The concentration of HbA1c, glycosilated serum proteins and blood glucose were followed up during the first eight postnatal weeks in 10 preterm babies of mean (+/- SD) birthweight and gestational age of 1259 +/- 140 g and 30.2 +/- 2.0 weeks, respectively. Both blood glucose and the glucosilation of proteins remained unchanged over the study period. No relationship was found either between growth rate and blood glucose level, or the latter and HbA1c concentration. Statistically significant correlationship could be observed between carbohydrate and total calorie intake and growth rate, but only during the first four postnatal weeks.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1992

Effect of NH4Cl acidosis on the function of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in newborn infants.

The present study was undertaken to assess the influence of acute metabolic acidosis on the activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and renal function in a group of seven one-week-old neonates with mean birth weight of 2164 g (range: 1300-3750 g) and mean gestational age of 34 weeks (range: 28-40 weeks) undergoing oral NH4Cl load. NH4Cl was given in a dose of 2.8 mEq/kg to evaluate renal acidification. Prior to and following NH4Cl administration blood acid-base parameters, plasma urinary electrolytes, creatinine and aldosterone concentration as well as plasma renin activity, glomerular filtration rate, urine flow rate and net acid secretion were measured. NH4Cl administration significantly depressed blood pH (P < 0.05), total CO2 content (P < 0.01) and base excess (P < 0.01) and resulted in a significant elevation of plasma potassium concentration (P < 0.05). Furthermore, NH4Cl ingestion significantly increased urine flow rate, sodium, chloride and net acid excretion. In response to NH4Cl acidosis no consistent change in plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration could be detected. There was, however, an about 50% increase in urinary aldosterone excretion from the control value of 4.1 +/- 1.2 micrograms/day to 6.8 +/- 2.3 micrograms/day (P < 0.05) after NH4Cl administration. These data suggest that the responsiveness of neonatal adrenals to stimulation by metabolic acidosis is blunted, acidosis therefore, may play a minor role in the neonatal hyperfunction of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1992

Electrolyte and glucose concentration in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid measured parallel in pathologic newborn infants.

Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and glucose concentration were measured parallel in 14 pathological newborn babies of gestational age and birthweight of 36.3 +/- 4.3 wks and 2410 +/- 890 g, respectively, at the age of 37.8 +/- 4.4 wks postconceptionally. Whilst potassium, calcium and glucose level is much lower in the cerebrospinal fluid than in the plasma, similar sodium and higher chloride concentration was found in the cerebrospinal fluid. The significant positive correlation between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid glucose and sodium levels proves the lack of a functioning barrier for these compounds. On the other hand, cerebrospinal potassium level varied within a narrow range, independently of the plasma-concentration and the maturity of the studied babies. Pathophysiological implications of the results are further discussed in short.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1992

Effect of thyroxine administration on renal functions in newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia.

The study was undertaken to assess the influence of thyroxine given to improve respiratory adaptation in asphyxiated neonates on the recovery of compromised renal functions. Two groups of infants with perinatal asphyxia were selected for the study. Group I consisted of 8 infants treated conventionally, while Group II included 7 infants who in addition to standard therapy were administered 50 micrograms thyroxine at admission and repeated 24 hours later. Their respective mean gestational ages were 38.7 weeks (range: 34-42 weeks) and 37.4 weeks (range: 34-41 weeks). The studies were performed on days 1, 7 and 14 and the results compared to those obtained in 13 healthy neonates with the gestational age of 39.2 weeks (range: 38-41 weeks) (Group III). Asphyxiated neonates had significantly higher plasma uric acid, xanthine, hypoxanthine and creatinine levels (p < 0.05), while their GFR proved to be markedly reduced (p < 0.01) when compared to the values of healthy controls. Moreover, there was a significant elevation of urinary excretion of NAGA (p < 0.001), urine osmolality (p < 0.05), PENa, FECa, RFI (p < 0.05) in infants presenting with perinatal asphyxia. Renal tubular responsiveness to aldosterone measured as TTKG was also found to be depressed (p < 0.025). In response to thyroxine therapy renal functional recovery appeared to be accelerated as indicated by the lower plasma creatinine level, lower rate of fractional electrolyte and urinary NAGA excretion and improved reactivity to aldosterone on days 7 and/or 14 as compared to those obtained in neonates presenting with asphyxia but without thyroxine therapy. The results seem to suggest that thyroid hormones may have an important role in the recovery of renal functions in newborn infants suffering from perinatal asphyxia.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1991

[Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium status and postnatal growth during 0-8 weeks in low birth weight premature infants].

Mineral intake and biochemical parameters of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium metabolism were studied during the first eight postnatal weeks in 12 very low birthweight preterm infants. However, the intake of calcium and phosphorus was less than that generally advised in the relevant literature, only marginally lowered serum mineral concentration and no rise in alkaline phosphatase activity were found. Urinary calcium/creatinine and phosphorus/creatinine ratio did not reflect mineral deficiency either. At the same time, a significant inverse correlation was found between postnatal growth rate and calcium excretion in the study babies, whose postnatal growth rate was much less than the control foetal growth rate. The authors briefly discuss the main aspects of neonatal mineral supply and homeostasis.

Calcium↗