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Biomedical subjects

K Bergmann

Publications and source records attributed to K Bergmann.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Combination treatment with noradrenalin and serotonin reuptake inhibitors in resistant depression.

Eight cases of resistant recurrent depression were treated with a combination of nortriptyline and a new serotonin reuptake inhibitor, with or without concurrent lithium therapy. Significant improvement was seen in all patients where other drug regimes and ECT had been ineffective. No adverse reactions occurred in any of our patients, seven of whom were elderly. The combination treatment was more effective than individual therapies alone.

1-Naphthylamine↗
PubMed1989

Self-neglect and frontal lobe dysfunction.

An elderly lady, of superior verbal intelligence and with no severe psychiatric condition, severely neglected herself, and required prolonged day patient care. Brain scans showed selective frontal atrophy, and both traditional and new computerised neuropsychological testing demonstrated severe frontal dysfunction.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1989

Rioprostil, a new prostaglandin E1, prevents cyclosporin A-induced damage to endocrine and exocrine pancreas.

The possibility that rioprostil can prevent cyclosporin A-induced damage to the pancreas is investigated. Cyclosporin A is given to rats once daily intragastrically in doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight. These doses cause dose dependent significant reduction of insulin release and enzyme secretion from the arterially perfused isolated pancreas. The subcutaneous injection of rioprostil, 15 micrograms/kg twice daily, could completely prevent the effects of 5 mg/kg cyclosporin A on insulin release and could completely prevent the effects of 5 mg/kg cyclosporin A on insulin release and could completely prevent the effects of 5 mg/kg cyclosporin A on insulin release and could also afford significant protection from the effects of 10 and 20 mg/kg cyclosporin A on both insulin release and enzyme secretion. The cytoprotective action of rioprostil on the pancreas may have therapeutic implications.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Differential sensitivity of rat exocrine and endocrine pancreas to cyclosporine.

The effect of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg bw cyclosporine on rat endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function was studied. Glucose-dependent insulin secretion from the endocrine pancreas was shown to be significantly impaired 8 days after cyclosporine was given once daily at a dose as low as 5 mg/kg. CCK-8-stimulated amylase and lipase secretion were less sensitive to the noxious effect of cyclosporine being impaired at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Trypsin secretion was shown to be impaired at 20 mg/kg cyclosporine only. Our results demonstrate that cyclosporine causes dose-dependent impairment of both pancreatic endocrine and exocrine functions: the endocrine pancreas being more sensitive to the noxious action than the exocrine pancreas.

Amylases↗
PubMed1988

Prevention of toxic effects of cyclosporin on pancreatic B-cells of rats by Rioprostil, a new prostaglandin analogue.

Cyclosporin 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg bw was given to rats once daily intragastrically and caused a dose dependent, significant decrease of glucose dependent insulin release from the arterially perfused isolated pancreas, without affecting animal behaviour, weight gain, microscopic appearances of the pancreas, or kidney function. Subcutaneous injection of a new synthetic prostaglandin analogue Rioprostil 7.5 micrograms/kg bw twice daily completely prevented the effect of cyclosporin 5 mg/kg bw and protected significantly against the effects of cyclosporin 10 and 20 mg/kg bw.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Long-term implantation of a system of electrical stimulation of paralyzed laryngeal muscles in dogs.

Electrical stimulation of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle, synchronized with inspiration, was achieved in dogs utilizing a radio frequency stimulus triggered by a chest wall expansion transducer. This system brings about abduction of the paralyzed vocal cord for the entire duration of inspiration, which allows a normal flow of air through the larynx. The implantable part of that system was tested successfully in chronic experiments (up to 11 months) in dogs with experimental paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. We feel that the system may be suitable for pacing the paralyzed human larynx.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Comparison of the sensitivity of three instruments for the detection of cognitive decline in elderly living at home.

We followed up 181 elderly living at home over 2 years. The changes shown on a brief dementia rating scale (the Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS] were monitored. At follow-up, subjects were classified as organic or non-organic by three potential screening tools-a screening questionnaire (the Psychogeriatric Assessment Schedule), a psychometric test (the Inglis' Paired Associate Learning Test) and a dementia scale (the AMTS). The value of these as screening tools for community samples was considered as a function of their sensitivity to cognitive decline. The classifications made by each were significantly related to previous cognitive change, but all were conservative, missing many subjects who had declined. Of the three, the AMTS appeared the most useful as a predictor of previous change on the AMTS. It remains to be seen whether it is equally useful with different samples and with different measures of outcome.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMed1987

[Long-term experimental electric stimulation of denervated laryngeal muscles in dogs. Myopathologic findings].

The recurrent laryngeal nerve was transsected unilaterally and a device for electrical stimulation of the denervated muscles was implanted in 6 dogs. After 3 to 11 months the laryngeal muscles were obtained and histopathologically demonstrated a striking neurogenic pattern. In place of homogeneous muscle fiber atrophy, a patchwork of grouped fibre atrophy, compensational hypertrophy, fibre regeneration and reinnervation as well as muscle fibre type grouping were observed. Muscle fibre type distribution in the m. cricoarytenoideus posterior, m. vocalis and m. cricothyroideus was determined and compared between the normal and denervated sites. All muscles showed some changes in the fibre type distribution, including type grouping, but these were most pronounced in m. vocalis. The average fibre diameter decreased whereas fibre size variability increased. Mixed muscle fibre atrophy with compensatory hypertrophy of a single fibre type predominated. There was no evidence of disuse atrophy. The electrically stimulated muscles could be maintained at a reduced functional level throughout the study period.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Influence of genes associated with the main histocompatibility complex on deoxyribonucleic acid excision repair capacity and bleomycin sensitivity in mouse lymphocytes.

In sets of mice congenic at H-2 and upon two backgrounds, and selected according to known differences in strain-specific lifespans, DNA repair efficiency in spleen cells was compared by two techniques: excision repair capacity following UV-irradiation, and bleomycin sensitivity. Significant differences between certain congenic partner sets were noted with both techniques, suggesting that the main histocompatibility complex influences DNA repair capacity.

Alleles↗
PubMed1979

Membrane receptors and their redistribution in lymphoproliferative disorders.

Lymphoid cells from 20 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, Sezary syndrome, lymphoma, and lymphadenitis, were studied for redistribution of surface membrane immunoglobulins (SmIg) and concanavalin A (Con-A) receptors. Fluorescein-labeled polyvalent goat anti-human immunoglobulin and fluoresceinated concanavalin A were used as ligands. Results were similar with both ligands. The highest percentage of capping of ligand-membrane receptors was noted in mononuclear cells from patients with "hairy" cell leukemia: from 24% to 90%. These cells showed moderate to marked fluorescein activity and were able to cap within 15 min at 4 degrees C. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells showed a weak fluorescein stain with a very low percentage of cells (0%--16%) capping. Lymph node cells from patients with lymphoma demonstrated moderate to strong fluorescein activity with only an average of 3% of the cells capping; while lymphoid cells from patients with lymphaedenitis showed an average of 27.5% capping and moderate fluorescein activity. Capping of Con-A receptors in mononuclear cells from patients with Sezary syndrome was poor (0%--14%) with moderate fluorescein intensity. This report demonstrates difference in density and mobility of binding sites for SmIg and Con-A on the surface membrane of lymphoid cells from various subclasses of lymphoproliferative disorders. These differences may assist in the differential diagnosis and classification of these conditions.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1979

[Blockage of cochlear aqueduct for examination of perilymph (guinea pig) (author's transl)].

To prevent the perilymph (guinea pig) from contamination with CSF during the sampling the aqueductus cochleae (AC) was blocked by injection of tissue adhesive into the meningeal aperture. The control of an exact blockage of AC was carriedout by examination of perilymph-outflow after opening the cochlea (injection of fluorescein-Na into the CSF-space), analysis of perilymph-protein-concentration, macroscopic and microscopic examination of the temporal bones. In all cochleae we have found the same morphological structures, notwithstanding whether the AC was blocked (for a time from 30 min to 7 weeks) or not: The cochlear aqueduct is filled with a mesh of mesenchymal tissue, which grows more dense towards the cochlear aperture andcontinues into the round window membrane. From scala tympani the AC is always limited by one layer of cells forming a sort of membrane (under light microscope). It seems possible that CSF moves in the inner of the round window membrane between AC and subepithelian space of middle ear mucosa, whereas perilymph of scala tympani is not in direct contact with the flow of CSF. The scala tympanic side of the round window membrane may be a big area for diffusion and there also may be an exchange between CSF and perilymph. The outflow of CSF into the cochlea after experimental opening of the cochlea is an artifact, caused by damage of pressure equilibration between CSF-space and cochlea. 30 min and 5--7 weeks after blockage no morphologicaland electrophysiological alterations from those of the control ears were to be seen. The protein concentration, however, increased significantly 5--7 weeks after blockage from normally about 200 mg/100 ml toalmost the double especially in the scala tympani (see Table 1).

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Assessment of myocardial infarct size in clinical practice.

The myocardial infarct size was assessed on the basis of serial analyses of serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) in 70 patients with first transmural myocardial infarction. Clinical symptoms of heart failure (Killip II-III) were found in patients with infarcts larger than 50 CPK-g-equ; in patients with lung oedema the infarct size averaged 104.2 CPK-g-equ. Patients without clinical and roentgenological evidence of left heart failure (Killip I) had infarct sizes always lesser than 50 CPK-g-equ, averaging 31.7 CPK-g-equ. Precordial mapping of the QRS complex in patients with anterior wall infarction revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.916) between the sum of voltages of Q waves on a 30-lead map recorded 24 hours after hospitalization and the enzymically assessed infarct size. Exact skiagraphic and auscultatory examinations of the heart and lungs, together with precordial mapping of the QRS complex, in patients with anterior wall infarct allow a relatively accurate quantification of the infarct size for prognostic classification of the patients.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1978

Correlation of cholinergic abnormalities with senile plaques and mental test scores in senile dementia.

Necropsy brain tissue from normal (control) patients and patients with depression and dementia was examined for activities of various cholinergic components, and these related to the degree of senile plaque formation and extent of intellectual impairment. Choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities decreased significantly as the mean plaque count rose, and in depressed and demented subjects the reduction in choline acetyltransferase activity correlated with the extent of intellectual impairment as measured by a memory information test; muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding activity remained unchanged with increasing senile plaque formation but butyrylcholinesterase activity increased. The results suggest a close relation between changes in the cholinergic system and Alzheimer's dementia, but the precise role of the system in this disease remains to be elucidated.

Acetylcholinesterase↗