Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to K Blazek.
Cellular hypersensitivity of bovine leukocytes to cysticercus antigen in experimental bovine cysticercosis was demonstrated by means of the migration-inhibition test. The authors detected lymphokin which is capable of suppressing in vitro the migration of heterogeneous cells of the macrophage type. The maximum value of migration inhibition was 44%.
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In two calves with massive cysticercosis and one healthy control calf the method of electrocardiographic examination was applied to a preciser determination of the clinical finding. The examination was performed on the 75th day after the experimental infection. Singly recorded electrocardiographic findings provided no characteristic symptoms indicating an injury of the conductive system of the heart. However, in both infected calves a lowering of the pulse frequency was found and in one of them also a flattening and a change of the polarity of the T wave. Autopsy and histological examination of the heart of the infected calves performed 111 days and 250 days after the infection revealed an attacking of the cardiac muscle by cysticerci and dispersed chronic myocarditis. This finding and the investigated dynamics of pathological changes in the course of cysticercosis in other experimental animals indicate that at the time of the electrocardiographic examination cysticercoid myocarditis at a stage of rest was recorded.
The ultrastructure of the cyst wall of two types of sarcocysts from roe deer is described. In the thin-walled cyst (wall thickness 0.18-00.26 micrometer), the primary cyst wall forms long, finger-shaped protrusions distant from one another and running in parallel with the surface of the cyst (Figs. 1a--d, FP). No fibrils are observable in the protrusions. The primary cyst wall between them forms numerous bubble-like invaginations (Fig. 1c, arrows). In the thick-walled cysts (wall thickness 4.9--7.49 micrometer), the primary cyst wall forms massive, palisade-like protrusions lying close one to another (Figs. 2a, c). There are numerous fibrillar and tubular structures in these protrusions (Fig. 2d), and the primary cyst wall occasionally forms shallow invaginations at the base of some protrusions (Fig. 2b). The unit membrane onthe surface of some protrusions is slightly undulated and covered with a layer of short and thick bars on the outside. The sarcocysts found in roe deer are compared with those from cattle and sheep.
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The authors examined serologically 329 specimens of domestic animals from 8 provinces of Afghanistan for the incidence of leptospirosis. They detected in 15.8% of the animals examined antibodies against Leptospira in titres of 1 : 800 and higher: in 6.4% with serotypes of the serogroup Hebdomadis, 5.5%--Tarassovi, 2.7%--Grippotyphosa, 2.4%--Pomona, 2.1% Javanica, 1.5%--Icterohaemorrhagiae, 0.6% each--Canicola, Ballum, Bataviae, 0.3%--Pyrogenes. Positivity was highest in the buffalo--55.0%, camel--10 of the 18 animals examined, and cattle--25.5%. It was considerably lower in sheep--2.3% and goat--3.2%; also positive was one of the 6 zebus examined.
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Examination of 197 specimens of roe deer, of 8 regions of Bohemia, both males and females of various age, revealed sarcosporidiosis in 76% of animals. The incidence of sarcosporidiosis was higher in the regions where the landscape was not much influenced by cultivating. Two types of microscopical sarcocysts, thin-walled and thick-walled ones, were found for the first time in roe deer. The thick-walled cysts were observed in one region only. Then, the sarcosporidiosis in roe deer seems to be caused by two species of coccidia. In almost 14% of positive cases of sarcosporidiosis, a pathological reaction of the infected musculature was observed.
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Tissue reactions with liver strobilocercosis were studied in man, pheasant and muskrat on the basis of histological examination. Microscopical changes in the liver induced by completely developed and still quite vital strobilocerci are very similar in all these hosts and in all cysts the parasite was enveloped by a fibrous capsule consisting of two layers. The development of regressive changes and the character of tissue reaction during the death of the parasite are discussed. Strobilocercus fasciolaris was found for the first time in man, in a solitary cyst in the liver. The possibility of massive infestation of man liver is pointed out.
Seven trematode species were found in the bile ducts and rumen of domestic ruminants: Fasciola gigantica, F. hepatica, Gigantocotyle explanatum, G. siemense, Paramphistomum epiclitum, Fischoederius cobboldi and Gastrothylax cruminifer. The parasites caused marked pathological changes in the liver and rumen.
The authors investigated a total of 435 domestic animals in Afghanistan by micromodification of indirect hemagglutination test. Camels showed the highest incidence of infection (73.7%). Of 9 zebu 3 were positive. The incidence of infection in goats was 31.6%, in sheep 20.4%, in buffaloes 20.4%. The lowest percentages of positive titres was detected in cattle (15.7).
A total of 12 nematode species were determined in the collection recovered from domestic ruminants in Afghanistan. Ten of them were found for the first time in this region: Trichocephalus globulosus, Trichostrongylus probolurus, Cooperia bisonis, Nematodirus spathiger, N. abnormalis, Thelazia rhodesi, Bunostomum phlebotomum, Haemonchus contortus, Dictyocaulus filaria and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Morphological and metrical characteristics of T. globulosus, T. skrjabini and C. bisonis, based on our own material, are added.
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Five cestode species parasitizing ruminants were found for the first time in Afghanistan: Moniezia benedeni, M. expansa, Avitellina centripunctata, Stilesia globipunctata, and Thysaniezia giardi.
In a histological examination of the hearts of 290 head of hoofed game sarcosporidiosis was found in 34 p. c. of the investigated cases. In the European deer it was found in 11.1 p. c., in the Sika deer in 3.9 p. c., in the Virginia deer in 12.5 p. c. (eight investigated animals, of which one was positive), in fallow deer in 10.8 p. c., in roe-deer in 78.7 p. c., in moufflon in 28.2 p. c. and in chamois in 75 p. c. (four animals, three of which were positive). Pathological changes of the myocardium were found in approximately one sixth of the positive cases in roe-deer, and in the other species in single cases. This myocarditis was non-purulent without any more marked participation of eosinophils, and rarely there was fibroproduction in the course of a protracted inflammation of the myocardium. The morphological picture of the sarcosporidiosis of the myocardium of a strong degree excludes the possibility of such an invasion to remain without any unfavourable effect on the function of the potency of heart.
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